TG TET పేపర్ 2 - 1_CDP - టెస్ట్ 48 - అభ్యసన బదిలీ
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Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
Which statement best defines transfer of learning?
అభ్యసన బదిలీ (transfer of learning)ను అత్యుత్తమంగా నిర్వచించే వాక్యం ఏది?
Explanation:
• Transfer of learning concerns the influence or application of earlier learning in a later or new learning situation.
• The influence may facilitate, hinder, or in some cases have no meaningful effect on the new task.
• Transfer is therefore broader than mere repetition of the original learning situation.
• The influence may facilitate, hinder, or in some cases have no meaningful effect on the new task.
• Transfer is therefore broader than mere repetition of the original learning situation.
వివరణ:
• Transfer of learning అంటే earlier learning తరువాతి లేదా new learning situationపై చూపే influence లేదా application.
• ఈ influence new taskను facilitate చేయవచ్చు, hinder చేయవచ్చు లేదా కొన్ని సందర్భాల్లో meaningful effect లేకపోవచ్చు.
• కాబట్టి transfer original learning situationను కేవలం repeat చేయడంకన్నా విస్తృతమైన భావన.
• ఈ influence new taskను facilitate చేయవచ్చు, hinder చేయవచ్చు లేదా కొన్ని సందర్భాల్లో meaningful effect లేకపోవచ్చు.
• కాబట్టి transfer original learning situationను కేవలం repeat చేయడంకన్నా విస్తృతమైన భావన.
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
A learner who has mastered addition finds multiplication easier to understand because multiplication is introduced as repeated addition. Which type of transfer is most directly illustrated?
Additionను బాగా నేర్చుకున్న learnerకు multiplicationను repeated additionగా introduce చేసినప్పుడు అది సులభంగా అర్థమవుతోంది. ప్రధానంగా ఏ type of transfer కనిపిస్తోంది?
Explanation:
• Positive transfer occurs when prior learning facilitates the acquisition or performance of new learning.
• Understanding addition provides a useful conceptual foundation for interpreting multiplication as repeated addition.
• The earlier learning is helping rather than interfering with the new learning.
• Understanding addition provides a useful conceptual foundation for interpreting multiplication as repeated addition.
• The earlier learning is helping rather than interfering with the new learning.
వివరణ:
• Prior learning new learning acquisition లేదా performanceను facilitate చేసినప్పుడు positive transfer జరుగుతుంది.
• Additionపై understanding, multiplicationను repeated additionగా అర్థం చేసుకోవడానికి useful conceptual foundation ఇస్తుంది.
• ఇక్కడ earlier learning new learningను interfere చేయకుండా help చేస్తోంది.
• Additionపై understanding, multiplicationను repeated additionగా అర్థం చేసుకోవడానికి useful conceptual foundation ఇస్తుంది.
• ఇక్కడ earlier learning new learningను interfere చేయకుండా help చేస్తోంది.
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
A student has learned that a particular symbol in one software program means 'delete.' In a new program the same symbol means 'archive,' but the student repeatedly clicks it expecting deletion and makes errors. Which type of transfer is illustrated?
ఒక software programలో particular symbol 'delete' అని student నేర్చుకున్నాడు. New programలో అదే symbol 'archive' అని అర్థం; అయినప్పటికీ student దాన్ని delete కోసం repeatedly click చేసి errors చేస్తున్నాడు. ఏ type of transfer కనిపిస్తోంది?
Explanation:
• Negative transfer occurs when prior learning interferes with correct learning or performance in a new situation.
• The familiar symbol triggers an old response that is inappropriate in the new program.
• The scenario is intentionally different from positive transfer because the prior habit produces repeated errors.
• The familiar symbol triggers an old response that is inappropriate in the new program.
• The scenario is intentionally different from positive transfer because the prior habit produces repeated errors.
వివరణ:
• Prior learning new situationలో correct learning లేదా performanceతో interfere చేసినప్పుడు negative transfer జరుగుతుంది.
• Familiar symbol old responseను trigger చేస్తోంది; అది new programలో inappropriate.
• Prior habit repeated errors produce చేస్తోంది కాబట్టి ఇది positive transfer కాదు.
• Familiar symbol old responseను trigger చేస్తోంది; అది new programలో inappropriate.
• Prior habit repeated errors produce చేస్తోంది కాబట్టి ఇది positive transfer కాదు.
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
In a controlled classroom comparison, prior practice in memorising a poem neither improves nor worsens students' later ability to assemble an unfamiliar mechanical model. What type of transfer is represented?
Controlled classroom comparisonలో poem memorisationపై prior practice, unfamiliar mechanical modelను assemble చేసే later abilityను neither improve nor worsen చేసింది. ఇది ఏ type of transfer?
Explanation:
• Zero transfer is identified when prior learning produces no meaningful facilitative or interfering effect on later learning or performance.
• The scenario explicitly states that the earlier memorisation neither improves nor worsens the later mechanical task.
• This makes the classification unambiguously different from positive and negative transfer.
• The scenario explicitly states that the earlier memorisation neither improves nor worsens the later mechanical task.
• This makes the classification unambiguously different from positive and negative transfer.
వివరణ:
• Prior learning later learning లేదా performanceపై meaningful facilitative లేదా interfering effect చూపనప్పుడు zero transfer అంటారు.
• Earlier memorisation later mechanical taskను neither improve nor worsen చేసిందని scenario స్పష్టంగా చెబుతోంది.
• అందువల్ల ఇది positive లేదా negative transfer కాదు.
• Earlier memorisation later mechanical taskను neither improve nor worsen చేసిందని scenario స్పష్టంగా చెబుతోంది.
• అందువల్ల ఇది positive లేదా negative transfer కాదు.
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
A student who understands equivalent fractions quickly uses that understanding to compare ratios expressed in different but equivalent forms. Which interpretation is best?
Equivalent fractionsను అర్థం చేసుకున్న student, different కానీ equivalent formsలో ఉన్న ratiosను compare చేయడానికి ఆ understandingను త్వరగా ఉపయోగిస్తున్నాడు. ఉత్తమ interpretation ఏది?
Explanation:
• Transfer is positive when prior knowledge supplies a useful relationship, principle, or strategy for a new task.
• Understanding equivalence in fractions can support reasoning about equivalent ratios when the structural relationship is relevant.
• Positive transfer does not require the two tasks to be identical.
• Understanding equivalence in fractions can support reasoning about equivalent ratios when the structural relationship is relevant.
• Positive transfer does not require the two tasks to be identical.
వివరణ:
• Prior knowledge new taskకు useful relationship, principle లేదా strategy అందించినప్పుడు transfer positive అవుతుంది.
• Structural relationship relevantగా ఉన్నప్పుడు fraction equivalenceపై understanding equivalent ratios reasoningకు support ఇస్తుంది.
• Positive transfer కోసం రెండు tasks identical కావాల్సిన అవసరం లేదు.
• Structural relationship relevantగా ఉన్నప్పుడు fraction equivalenceపై understanding equivalent ratios reasoningకు support ఇస్తుంది.
• Positive transfer కోసం రెండు tasks identical కావాల్సిన అవసరం లేదు.
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
A learner has overlearned the rule 'area = length × breadth' for rectangles and then incorrectly applies the same rule to triangles, repeatedly omitting the factor 1/2. Which type of transfer is most directly illustrated?
Rectangles కోసం 'area = length × breadth' ruleను learner బాగా నేర్చుకున్నాడు. తరువాత trianglesకు కూడా అదే ruleను incorrectly apply చేస్తూ repeatedly 1/2 factorను omit చేస్తున్నాడు. ప్రధానంగా ఏ type of transfer కనిపిస్తోంది?
Explanation:
• The previously learned rectangle rule is being inappropriately carried over to a different formula and is causing errors.
• When old learning obstructs accurate new performance, the effect is negative transfer.
• The scenario is not zero transfer because the old rule is clearly influencing the new task, and the influence is harmful.
• When old learning obstructs accurate new performance, the effect is negative transfer.
• The scenario is not zero transfer because the old rule is clearly influencing the new task, and the influence is harmful.
వివరణ:
• Previously learned rectangle ruleను different formulaకు inappropriately carry over చేయడం వల్ల errors వస్తున్నాయి.
• Old learning accurate new performanceను obstruct చేసినప్పుడు negative transfer జరుగుతుంది.
• Old rule new taskపై clearly influence చూపుతోంది కాబట్టి ఇది zero transfer కాదు; influence harmfulగా ఉంది.
• Old learning accurate new performanceను obstruct చేసినప్పుడు negative transfer జరుగుతుంది.
• Old rule new taskపై clearly influence చూపుతోంది కాబట్టి ఇది zero transfer కాదు; influence harmfulగా ఉంది.
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
Which pair correctly distinguishes positive transfer from negative transfer?
Positive transfer మరియు negative transfer మధ్య తేడాను సరిగ్గా చూపే pair ఏది?
Explanation:
• Positive transfer is facilitative: earlier learning helps later learning or performance.
• Negative transfer is interfering: earlier learning makes the new task harder or promotes an inappropriate response.
• The distinction concerns the direction of prior learning's effect, not where learning occurs or whether rewards are present.
• Negative transfer is interfering: earlier learning makes the new task harder or promotes an inappropriate response.
• The distinction concerns the direction of prior learning's effect, not where learning occurs or whether rewards are present.
వివరణ:
• Positive transfer facilitative; earlier learning later learning లేదా performanceకు help చేస్తుంది.
• Negative transfer interfering; earlier learning new taskను harder చేస్తుంది లేదా inappropriate responseను promote చేస్తుంది.
• ఈ distinction prior learning effect directionకు సంబంధించినది; learning ఎక్కడ జరిగింది లేదా rewards ఉన్నాయా అన్నదానికి కాదు.
• Negative transfer interfering; earlier learning new taskను harder చేస్తుంది లేదా inappropriate responseను promote చేస్తుంది.
• ఈ distinction prior learning effect directionకు సంబంధించినది; learning ఎక్కడ జరిగింది లేదా rewards ఉన్నాయా అన్నదానికి కాదు.
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
Why can similarity between two tasks sometimes support positive transfer?
రెండు tasks మధ్య similarity కొన్ని సందర్భాల్లో positive transferకు ఎందుకు support చేయవచ్చు?
Explanation:
• Transfer is facilitated when learners recognise relevant common elements or structural relationships across situations.
• Similarity is useful only when the shared feature is genuinely relevant to successful performance.
• Superficial similarity can be misleading, so teachers should help learners identify which relationships actually carry over.
• Similarity is useful only when the shared feature is genuinely relevant to successful performance.
• Superficial similarity can be misleading, so teachers should help learners identify which relationships actually carry over.
వివరణ:
• Situations మధ్య relevant common elements లేదా structural relationshipsను learners recognise చేసినప్పుడు transfer facilitate అవుతుంది.
• Shared feature successful performanceకు genuinely relevantగా ఉన్నప్పుడు similarity useful.
• Superficial similarity misleading కావచ్చు; కాబట్టి ఏ relationships నిజంగా carry over అవుతాయో teachers help చేయాలి.
• Shared feature successful performanceకు genuinely relevantగా ఉన్నప్పుడు similarity useful.
• Superficial similarity misleading కావచ్చు; కాబట్టి ఏ relationships నిజంగా carry over అవుతాయో teachers help చేయాలి.
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
Which teaching practice is most likely to promote useful transfer of a mathematical principle?
ఒక mathematical principleకు useful transferను promote చేసే teaching practice ఏది?
Explanation:
• Transfer improves when learners understand underlying principles rather than memorise isolated answers.
• Comparing varied examples helps learners distinguish deep relationships from superficial features.
• Explicitly asking when and why a principle applies prepares learners to recognise opportunities for transfer.
• Comparing varied examples helps learners distinguish deep relationships from superficial features.
• Explicitly asking when and why a principle applies prepares learners to recognise opportunities for transfer.
వివరణ:
• Isolated answersను memorise చేయడంకన్నా underlying principlesను learners understand చేసినప్పుడు transfer improve అవుతుంది.
• Varied examplesను compare చేయడం deep relationshipsను superficial features నుంచి distinguish చేయడానికి help చేస్తుంది.
• Principle ఎప్పుడు, ఎందుకు apply అవుతుందో explicitly అడగడం transfer opportunitiesను recognise చేయడానికి learnersను prepare చేస్తుంది.
• Varied examplesను compare చేయడం deep relationshipsను superficial features నుంచి distinguish చేయడానికి help చేస్తుంది.
• Principle ఎప్పుడు, ఎందుకు apply అవుతుందో explicitly అడగడం transfer opportunitiesను recognise చేయడానికి learnersను prepare చేస్తుంది.
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
A learner uses knowledge of percentages from mathematics to calculate the actual price of a shirt marked '20% off' in a shop. Which concept is best illustrated?
Mathematicsలో percentagesపై నేర్చుకున్న knowledgeను learner shopలో '20% off' ఉన్న shirt actual price calculate చేయడానికి ఉపయోగిస్తున్నాడు. ఏ concept అత్యుత్తమంగా కనిపిస్తోంది?
Explanation:
• The learner successfully applies previously learned percentage knowledge to a practical situation outside the original classroom context.
• Because the prior learning improves successful performance in the new situation, the transfer is positive.
• Transfer can occur across school and everyday contexts when relevant knowledge is recognised and applied.
• Because the prior learning improves successful performance in the new situation, the transfer is positive.
• Transfer can occur across school and everyday contexts when relevant knowledge is recognised and applied.
వివరణ:
• Previously learned percentage knowledgeను learner original classroom contextకు బయట practical situationలో successfully apply చేస్తున్నాడు.
• Prior learning new situationలో successful performanceను improve చేస్తోంది కాబట్టి transfer positive.
• Relevant knowledgeను recognise చేసి apply చేసినప్పుడు school మరియు everyday contexts మధ్య transfer జరగవచ్చు.
• Prior learning new situationలో successful performanceను improve చేస్తోంది కాబట్టి transfer positive.
• Relevant knowledgeను recognise చేసి apply చేసినప్పుడు school మరియు everyday contexts మధ్య transfer జరగవచ్చు.
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
A student who has learned to interpret line graphs in science correctly applies the same graph-reading principles to a climate graph in geography. Which type of transfer is most clearly shown?
Scienceలో line graphsను interpret చేయడం నేర్చుకున్న student, geographyలో climate graphకు same graph-reading principlesను correctly apply చేస్తున్నాడు. ఏ type of transfer స్పష్టంగా కనిపిస్తోంది?
Explanation:
• The graph-reading principles learned in one subject are helping the learner perform successfully in another subject.
• This is positive transfer because relevant knowledge and procedures are being applied productively in the new context.
• Transfer can occur across school subjects when they share useful structures or strategies.
• This is positive transfer because relevant knowledge and procedures are being applied productively in the new context.
• Transfer can occur across school subjects when they share useful structures or strategies.
వివరణ:
• ఒక subjectలో నేర్చుకున్న graph-reading principles మరో subjectలో successful performanceకు help చేస్తున్నాయి.
• Relevant knowledge, proceduresను new contextలో productively apply చేస్తున్నారు కాబట్టి ఇది positive transfer.
• Useful structures లేదా strategies share అయినప్పుడు school subjects మధ్య transfer జరగవచ్చు.
• Relevant knowledge, proceduresను new contextలో productively apply చేస్తున్నారు కాబట్టి ఇది positive transfer.
• Useful structures లేదా strategies share అయినప్పుడు school subjects మధ్య transfer జరగవచ్చు.
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
A student is used to a calculator in which pressing a particular key clears only the last digit. On a new calculator, the same-looking key clears the entire entry; the student repeatedly loses the whole calculation by using the old habit. Which interpretation is best?
ఒక calculatorలో particular key last digitను మాత్రమే clear చేస్తుందని student అలవాటు పడ్డాడు. New calculatorలో same-looking key entire entryను clear చేస్తుంది; old habit వల్ల student repeatedly whole calculationను lose చేస్తున్నాడు. ఉత్తమ interpretation ఏది?
Explanation:
• The old key-response habit is being applied to a superficially similar but functionally different situation.
• Because the earlier learning causes repeated errors in the new task, the transfer is negative.
• This scenario illustrates why surface similarity can sometimes produce interference rather than facilitation.
• Because the earlier learning causes repeated errors in the new task, the transfer is negative.
• This scenario illustrates why surface similarity can sometimes produce interference rather than facilitation.
వివరణ:
• Old key-response habitను superficially similar కానీ functionally different situationకు apply చేస్తున్నారు.
• Earlier learning new taskలో repeated errors cause చేస్తోంది కాబట్టి transfer negative.
• Surface similarity కొన్ని సందర్భాల్లో facilitation కాక interferenceను produce చేయగలదని ఈ scenario చూపిస్తుంది.
• Earlier learning new taskలో repeated errors cause చేస్తోంది కాబట్టి transfer negative.
• Surface similarity కొన్ని సందర్భాల్లో facilitation కాక interferenceను produce చేయగలదని ఈ scenario చూపిస్తుంది.
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
Researchers compare two equally prepared groups on learning a new drawing technique. One group had earlier practice in memorising unrelated telephone numbers, but both groups learn the drawing technique at the same rate and accuracy. What does this finding indicate?
Researchers new drawing technique learningలో equally prepared రెండు groupsను compare చేశారు. ఒక groupకు unrelated telephone numbers memorisationలో earlier practice ఉంది; కానీ రెండు groups same rate మరియు accuracyతో drawing technique నేర్చుకున్నాయి. ఈ finding ఏమి సూచిస్తుంది?
Explanation:
• Zero transfer is inferred when prior learning does not measurably facilitate or hinder performance on the new task.
• The two groups perform equivalently despite the earlier memorisation experience.
• The scenario explicitly removes evidence of either advantage or interference, making zero transfer the intended classification.
• The two groups perform equivalently despite the earlier memorisation experience.
• The scenario explicitly removes evidence of either advantage or interference, making zero transfer the intended classification.
వివరణ:
• Prior learning new task performanceను measurably facilitate లేదా hinder చేయనప్పుడు zero transfer infer చేస్తారు.
• Earlier memorisation experience ఉన్నప్పటికీ రెండు groups equivalentగా perform చేస్తున్నాయి.
• Advantage లేదా interference evidence రెండూ scenarioలో లేవు కాబట్టి intended classification zero transfer.
• Earlier memorisation experience ఉన్నప్పటికీ రెండు groups equivalentగా perform చేస్తున్నాయి.
• Advantage లేదా interference evidence రెండూ scenarioలో లేవు కాబట్టి intended classification zero transfer.
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
Which statement about transfer of learning is most accurate?
Transfer of learning గురించి అత్యంత accurate statement ఏది?
Explanation:
• Research on transfer shows that applying learning to new situations is often difficult and is not automatic.
• Recognising underlying connections and practising application across contexts can improve the probability of successful transfer.
• Teachers can therefore design instruction deliberately to support transfer.
• Recognising underlying connections and practising application across contexts can improve the probability of successful transfer.
• Teachers can therefore design instruction deliberately to support transfer.
వివరణ:
• New situationsకు learningను apply చేయడం చాలాసార్లు difficult; automatic కాదని transfer research చూపిస్తుంది.
• Underlying connectionsను recognise చేయడం మరియు contexts across application practise చేయడం successful transfer probabilityను improve చేయవచ్చు.
• కాబట్టి teachers transferకు support ఇచ్చేలా instructionను deliberately design చేయవచ్చు.
• Underlying connectionsను recognise చేయడం మరియు contexts across application practise చేయడం successful transfer probabilityను improve చేయవచ్చు.
• కాబట్టి teachers transferకు support ఇచ్చేలా instructionను deliberately design చేయవచ్చు.
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
Why is deep conceptual understanding generally more useful for transfer than memorising a single worked answer?
ఒక single worked answerను memorise చేయడంకన్నా deep conceptual understanding transferకు సాధారణంగా ఎందుకు ఎక్కువ useful?
Explanation:
• Transfer requires learners to recognise what aspect of prior learning is relevant to the new problem.
• Understanding principles and relationships makes it easier to see structural similarity even when surface details change.
• Conceptual understanding supports transfer but does not eliminate the value of practice and feedback.
• Understanding principles and relationships makes it easier to see structural similarity even when surface details change.
• Conceptual understanding supports transfer but does not eliminate the value of practice and feedback.
వివరణ:
• Transferలో prior learningలో ఏ aspect new problemకు relevantో learners recognise చేయాలి.
• Principles మరియు relationships understanding వల్ల surface details మారినా structural similarityను చూడడం easier అవుతుంది.
• Conceptual understanding transferకు support ఇస్తుంది; కానీ practice, feedback valueను eliminate చేయదు.
• Principles మరియు relationships understanding వల్ల surface details మారినా structural similarityను చూడడం easier అవుతుంది.
• Conceptual understanding transferకు support ఇస్తుంది; కానీ practice, feedback valueను eliminate చేయదు.
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
A teacher practises the same scientific principle through a laboratory experiment, a household example, a diagram and a novel word problem. Why can this varied practice support transfer?
ఒక teacher same scientific principleను laboratory experiment, household example, diagram మరియు novel word problem ద్వారా practise చేయిస్తున్నాడు. ఈ varied practice transferకు ఎందుకు support చేయవచ్చు?
Explanation:
• Varied practice can expose learners to a principle across multiple surface forms while preserving the relevant underlying relationship.
• This helps learners learn what is essential and recognise when the principle can be used in a new context.
• Variation supports transfer opportunities but does not guarantee error-free performance.
• This helps learners learn what is essential and recognise when the principle can be used in a new context.
• Variation supports transfer opportunities but does not guarantee error-free performance.
వివరణ:
• Varied practice relevant underlying relationshipను preserve చేస్తూ principleను multiple surface formsలో learnersకు expose చేయగలదు.
• దీంతో essential ఏమిటో మరియు principle new contextలో ఎప్పుడు use చేయవచ్చో learners recognise చేయడం నేర్చుకుంటారు.
• Variation transfer opportunitiesకు support ఇస్తుంది; కానీ error-free performanceను guarantee చేయదు.
• దీంతో essential ఏమిటో మరియు principle new contextలో ఎప్పుడు use చేయవచ్చో learners recognise చేయడం నేర్చుకుంటారు.
• Variation transfer opportunitiesకు support ఇస్తుంది; కానీ error-free performanceను guarantee చేయదు.
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
A student keeps applying a familiar shortcut to problems where it is inappropriate. Which teacher response is most likely to reduce negative transfer?
ఒక student familiar shortcutను inappropriate problemsకూ repeatedly apply చేస్తున్నాడు. Negative transferను reduce చేయడానికి teacher response ఏది?
Explanation:
• Negative transfer often occurs when a learner applies an old response to a new situation where important conditions differ.
• Contrasting cases can help learners discriminate when prior knowledge is relevant and when it must be modified or withheld.
• The goal is not to discard all prior knowledge but to use it selectively and accurately.
• Contrasting cases can help learners discriminate when prior knowledge is relevant and when it must be modified or withheld.
• The goal is not to discard all prior knowledge but to use it selectively and accurately.
వివరణ:
• Important conditions differ అయ్యే new situationకు old responseను apply చేసినప్పుడు negative transfer తరచుగా జరుగుతుంది.
• Contrasting cases prior knowledge ఎప్పుడు relevant, ఎప్పుడు modify లేదా withhold చేయాలో learners discriminate చేయడానికి help చేస్తాయి.
• Goal prior knowledge అంతా discard చేయడం కాదు; దాన్ని selectively మరియు accurately use చేయడం.
• Contrasting cases prior knowledge ఎప్పుడు relevant, ఎప్పుడు modify లేదా withhold చేయాలో learners discriminate చేయడానికి help చేస్తాయి.
• Goal prior knowledge అంతా discard చేయడం కాదు; దాన్ని selectively మరియు accurately use చేయడం.
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
Which assessment task provides the strongest evidence that transfer has occurred?
Transfer జరిగింది అని strongest evidence ఇచ్చే assessment task ఏది?
Explanation:
• Transfer is demonstrated when learning is successfully applied beyond the exact situation in which it was originally practised.
• A novel problem that preserves the relevant underlying principle tests whether learners can recognise and apply that principle independently.
• Exact repetition or copying may show retention or reproduction but provides weaker evidence of transfer.
• A novel problem that preserves the relevant underlying principle tests whether learners can recognise and apply that principle independently.
• Exact repetition or copying may show retention or reproduction but provides weaker evidence of transfer.
వివరణ:
• Originalగా practise చేసిన exact situationకు మించి learningను successfully apply చేసినప్పుడు transfer demonstrate అవుతుంది.
• Relevant underlying principleను preserve చేసే novel problemలో learners దాన్ని independently recognise చేసి apply చేయగలరా అని test చేయవచ్చు.
• Exact repetition లేదా copying retention లేదా reproductionను చూపవచ్చు; కానీ transferకు weaker evidence ఇస్తుంది.
• Relevant underlying principleను preserve చేసే novel problemలో learners దాన్ని independently recognise చేసి apply చేయగలరా అని test చేయవచ్చు.
• Exact repetition లేదా copying retention లేదా reproductionను చూపవచ్చు; కానీ transferకు weaker evidence ఇస్తుంది.
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
Consider the following statements: I. Positive transfer occurs when prior learning facilitates new learning. II. Negative transfer occurs when prior learning interferes with new learning. III. Zero transfer means prior learning has no meaningful effect on the new learning task. IV. Transfer necessarily occurs whenever two tasks share any superficial similarity. Which option is correct?
క్రింది statementsను పరిశీలించండి: I. Prior learning new learningను facilitate చేసినప్పుడు positive transfer జరుగుతుంది. II. Prior learning new learningతో interfere చేసినప్పుడు negative transfer జరుగుతుంది. III. Prior learning new learning taskపై meaningful effect చూపనప్పుడు zero transfer. IV. Two tasks ఏ superficial similarity share చేసినా transfer తప్పనిసరిగా జరుగుతుంది. సరైన option ఏది?
Explanation:
• Statements I, II and III correctly distinguish positive, negative and zero transfer.
• Statement IV is false because superficial similarity alone does not guarantee useful transfer.
• Successful transfer depends on recognising and applying relevant prior learning, and similar-looking tasks can sometimes even produce negative transfer.
• Statement IV is false because superficial similarity alone does not guarantee useful transfer.
• Successful transfer depends on recognising and applying relevant prior learning, and similar-looking tasks can sometimes even produce negative transfer.
వివరణ:
• Statements I, II మరియు III positive, negative, zero transferను సరిగ్గా distinguish చేస్తాయి.
• Statement IV తప్పు; superficial similarity alone useful transferను guarantee చేయదు.
• Successful transfer relevant prior learningను recognise చేసి apply చేయడంపై depend అవుతుంది; similar-looking tasks కొన్ని సందర్భాల్లో negative transfer కూడా produce చేయవచ్చు.
• Statement IV తప్పు; superficial similarity alone useful transferను guarantee చేయదు.
• Successful transfer relevant prior learningను recognise చేసి apply చేయడంపై depend అవుతుంది; similar-looking tasks కొన్ని సందర్భాల్లో negative transfer కూడా produce చేయవచ్చు.
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
Which teaching plan best promotes useful transfer of learning?
Useful transfer of learningను అత్యుత్తమంగా promote చేసే teaching plan ఏది?
Explanation:
• Teaching for transfer requires more than successful performance on the original practice task.
• Understanding underlying principles, recognising connections, comparing contexts and practising application in varied situations all increase opportunities for transfer.
• Independent novel application helps learners develop and demonstrate flexible use of what they have learned.
• Understanding underlying principles, recognising connections, comparing contexts and practising application in varied situations all increase opportunities for transfer.
• Independent novel application helps learners develop and demonstrate flexible use of what they have learned.
వివరణ:
• Teaching for transfer original practice taskపై successful performanceకన్నా ఎక్కువ అవసరం చేస్తుంది.
• Underlying principlesను understand చేయడం, connectionsను recognise చేయడం, contextsను compare చేయడం, varied situationsలో application practise చేయడం transfer opportunitiesను పెంచుతాయి.
• Independent novel application learners నేర్చుకున్నదాన్ని flexibly use చేయడానికి మరియు demonstrate చేయడానికి help చేస్తుంది.
• Underlying principlesను understand చేయడం, connectionsను recognise చేయడం, contextsను compare చేయడం, varied situationsలో application practise చేయడం transfer opportunitiesను పెంచుతాయి.
• Independent novel application learners నేర్చుకున్నదాన్ని flexibly use చేయడానికి మరియు demonstrate చేయడానికి help చేస్తుంది.
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: A. Using prior learning in a way that influences learning or performance in a new situation సమాధానం: A. పూర్వ అభ్యసనం కొత్త పరిస్థితిలోని learning లేదా performanceను ప్రభావితం చేసే విధంగా ఉపయోగించబడడం
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer || సమాధానం: A. Positive transfer
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer || సమాధానం: C. Negative transfer
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer || సమాధానం: C. Zero transfer
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: B. Positive transfer because relevant prior understanding facilitates the new task సమాధానం: B. Relevant prior understanding new taskను facilitate చేస్తోంది కాబట్టి positive transfer
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer || సమాధానం: C. Negative transfer
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: A. Positive—prior learning facilitates new learning; Negative—prior learning interferes with new learning సమాధానం: A. Positive—prior learning new learningను facilitate చేస్తుంది; Negative—prior learning new learningతో interfere చేస్తుంది
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: B. Because relevant shared principles, relationships or procedures can allow prior learning to be applied to the new task సమాధానం: B. Relevant shared principles, relationships లేదా procedures prior learningను new taskకు apply చేయడానికి సహాయపడవచ్చు కాబట్టి
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: D. Teach the underlying principle, compare different examples, and ask students to explain when and why it applies in new contexts సమాధానం: D. Underlying principleను teach చేసి, different examplesను compare చేయించి, new contextsలో అది ఎప్పుడు ఎందుకు apply అవుతుందో studentsతో explain చేయించడం
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: A. Positive transfer from school learning to an everyday situation సమాధానం: A. School learning నుంచి everyday situationకు positive transfer
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer || సమాధానం: B. Positive transfer
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer || సమాధానం: B. Negative transfer
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer || సమాధానం: C. Zero transfer
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: B. Transfer is more likely when learners recognise relevant connections and have opportunities to apply learning in varied situations; it should not be assumed to occur automatically. సమాధానం: B. Relevant connectionsను learners recognise చేసి varied situationsలో learningను apply చేసే opportunities ఉన్నప్పుడు transferకు ఎక్కువ అవకాశం ఉంటుంది; అది automatically జరుగుతుందని assume చేయరాదు.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: A. Because understanding underlying principles helps learners recognise when the same structure appears in a new situation సమాధానం: A. Underlying principlesను understand చేయడం వల్ల same structure new situationలో కనిపించినప్పుడు learners recognise చేయగలరు కాబట్టి
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: C. It helps learners encounter the same underlying idea across different surface contexts and practise recognising where it applies సమాధానం: C. Different surface contextsలో same underlying ideaను learners encounter చేసి అది ఎక్కడ apply అవుతుందో recognise చేయడం practise చేయడానికి help చేస్తుంది
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: B. Explicitly compare situations where the shortcut works with similar-looking situations where it does not, and ask the learner to identify the critical difference సమాధానం: B. Shortcut work అయ్యే situationsను similar-looking కానీ work కాని situationsతో explicitly compare చేసి critical differenceను identify చేయమని learnerను అడగడం
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: D. Give a new problem with changed surface details that requires application of the same underlying principle without showing the original solution సమాధానం: D. Original solution చూపకుండా same underlying principleను apply చేయాల్సిన changed surface detailsతో new problem ఇవ్వడం
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: C. I, II and III only సమాధానం: C. I, II మరియు III మాత్రమే
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: B. Teach underlying concepts and principles, connect them with prior knowledge, use varied examples and applications, compare when a strategy does and does not apply, and give learners opportunities to solve new problems independently సమాధానం: B. Underlying concepts, principlesను teach చేసి prior knowledgeతో connect చేసి, varied examples, applications ఉపయోగించి, strategy ఎప్పుడు apply అవుతుంది ఎప్పుడు కాదు compare చేసి, new problemsను independently solve చేసే opportunities learnersకు ఇవ్వడం
