Please keep at least one language enabled. || కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
A region proposes a new commercial airport despite having two existing airports within its broader transport network. Which approach should principally establish the need for the new airport and its preferred service area?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Airport site selection begins with determining the aviation needs of the region. Passenger and cargo forecasts help establish the scale and intended function of the proposed airport. Existing airport capacity and future expansion possibilities must be evaluated before justifying another facility. Surface accessibility and surrounding airspace also influence the effective service area. A site should therefore be selected through integrated regional transport planning rather than land-price comparison alone.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
An airport is initially planned for regional passenger services but may accommodate larger aircraft and substantial cargo traffic in the future. Which planning decision best supports reliable site selection?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The expected aircraft fleet strongly influences runway and taxiway requirements. Passenger and cargo forecasts also determine terminal, apron and access needs. Future changes in aircraft size or movement frequency can significantly alter the required airport layout. Site selection must consider whether expansion can be accommodated without creating unacceptable safety or environmental constraints. A phased master plan allows development to respond to demand while protecting essential future land.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
A developer is evaluating a new public-use greenfield airport in India. Which approach appropriately recognizes the institutional and technical requirements of site selection?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Greenfield airport development in India involves aviation and governmental approval processes. Site suitability requires assessment of airspace, obstacles, operational feasibility and other aeronautical matters. Environmental and land-related requirements must also be addressed under the applicable procedures. An airport site cannot be considered operationally acceptable merely because land is available. The final development must satisfy the relevant approval, licensing and aerodrome-design requirements.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
Two airport sites have similar land availability and construction costs. Site P lies beneath constrained approach paths of a nearby busy airport, whereas Site Q provides better separation from those paths. Which factor should receive particular attention before selecting a site?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
An airport requires suitable airspace for safe aircraft arrival and departure. Nearby aerodromes and existing flight procedures may constrain the location or orientation of a proposed runway. Conflicting approach and departure routes can reduce operational flexibility and capacity. Airspace assessments must therefore form part of site selection rather than being deferred until construction. Site Q may have an advantage, but its suitability still requires a complete aeronautical assessment.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
A proposed runway can be aligned either close to the predominant wind direction or approximately perpendicular to it. Which principle is generally appropriate for selecting runway orientation?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Runway orientation is strongly influenced by the wind conditions expected during aircraft operations. Headwinds are generally favourable for takeoff and landing performance, while significant crosswinds can constrain operations. A wind-rose study evaluates the frequencies of wind speeds and directions. Different aircraft types may have different operational crosswind capabilities. The preferred orientation must also remain compatible with terrain, obstacle protection, airspace and land-use restrictions.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
At a candidate airport site, a wind of 20 knots acts at 30 degrees to the proposed runway centreline. Using the ideal crosswind relation V_c = V sin(theta), what is the crosswind component?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The crosswind component is the component of wind velocity perpendicular to the runway centreline. The specified wind speed is 20 knots. The angle between the wind and runway axis is 30 degrees. Therefore V_c = 20 sin(30 degrees) = 20 times 0.5 = 10 knots. This calculation does not determine whether the resulting component is acceptable for a particular aircraft without its applicable operating limit.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
A wind of 18 knots approaches a proposed runway at an angle of 60 degrees to the runway axis and has a headwind component rather than a tailwind component. What are its approximate headwind and crosswind components, respectively?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The headwind component is V cos(theta), while the crosswind component is V sin(theta). The given wind speed is 18 knots and the angle is 60 degrees. The headwind component is 18 times 0.5 = 9.0 knots. The crosswind component is 18 times approximately 0.866 = 15.59 knots. The correct approximate pair is therefore 9.0 knots headwind and 15.6 knots crosswind.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
An airport-planning exercise adopts a minimum wind-coverage target of 95% for a specified crosswind limit. Of 1000 equally weighted historical observations, 920 satisfy that limit for a candidate runway orientation. How many additional observations from the same fixed sample would need to qualify to reach the target?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Wind coverage is the percentage of observations for which the relevant crosswind criterion is satisfied. The current qualifying fraction is 920/1000 = 92%. The stated target requires 95% of 1000 observations, equivalent to 950 qualifying observations. The shortfall is 950 - 920 = 30 observations. The 95% figure is an explicitly adopted planning target in this question and must not be interpreted as an unconditional Indian regulatory requirement for every airport.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
A proposed airport experiences winds from one direction during the summer monsoon and substantially different directions during another season. Which meteorological assessment is most appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Seasonal wind changes can affect the operational suitability of a runway orientation. A single dominant annual direction may conceal important seasonal crosswind conditions. Representative wind observations should include the variation in both direction and speed. The analysis should assess the aircraft types expected to use the aerodrome. Additional runway orientations may be considered where justified, subject to land, airspace, capacity and environmental feasibility.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
Two otherwise comparable airport sites differ substantially in winter visibility. Site P experiences frequent prolonged fog, while Site Q generally has fewer low-visibility periods. What is the appropriate engineering interpretation?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Reduced visibility can restrict aircraft operations depending on the available procedures and equipment. Frequent fog may influence flight delays, diversions and airport operational reliability. Suitable navigation aids, lighting and operating procedures can mitigate some of these effects. Their feasibility and cost should therefore be considered during planning. A site with fewer visibility restrictions may have an operational advantage, but site selection requires assessment of all relevant factors.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
A candidate airport site is surrounded by communication towers, high-voltage transmission lines and rising terrain near the proposed approach direction. Which study is essential?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Safe approaches and departures require consideration of obstacles near the aerodrome. Towers, transmission structures and elevated terrain may penetrate protected aeronautical surfaces. A survey must establish relevant obstacle positions and elevations accurately. The results can influence runway location, orientation and the feasibility of flight procedures. Obstacle penetrations require assessment under the applicable aerodrome and airspace requirements rather than automatic acceptance or rejection.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
For a preliminary airport-site screening exercise, a hypothetical obstacle-clearance surface rises at a slope of 1 vertical in 50 horizontal from a reference elevation. At a horizontal distance of 600 m, a proposed obstacle rises 18 m above that reference. By how much does it penetrate this assumed screening surface?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The question specifies a hypothetical surface gradient of one vertical unit per 50 horizontal units. Over a horizontal distance of 600 m, the corresponding surface height is 600/50 = 12 m above the reference. The proposed obstacle height is 18 m above the same reference. Its penetration is therefore 18 - 12 = 6 m. This is a geometry exercise and does not establish the actual protected-surface slope for a particular runway or aerodrome category.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
A site-selection team compares a nearly level plateau with a deeply undulating tract that would require extensive cutting, filling and retaining structures. Assuming other aviation constraints are comparable, which conclusion is most appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A relatively level site can reduce the earthwork needed to establish runway and taxiway grades. Extensive cutting and filling can increase construction cost and the need for slope stabilization. However, natural flatness alone does not guarantee adequate drainage or suitable bearing capacity. The terrain may also contain obstacles or environmental constraints. A complete site investigation must therefore evaluate topography together with other aviation and engineering conditions.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
A proposed airport site has shallow groundwater, compressible clay and significant variation in subgrade strength. Which action is most appropriate before accepting the site?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Airport pavements transfer large repeated wheel loads to their supporting layers. Compressible soils may produce differential settlement and damage the pavement system. Shallow groundwater can complicate construction and affect long-term subgrade performance. Laboratory and field investigations are necessary to establish the relevant engineering properties. The site may remain feasible if suitable treatment is practical, but the associated technical risks and costs must be considered.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
An apparently flat airport site lies in a low-lying basin with seasonal waterlogging and limited opportunities for gravity drainage. Which statement is most defensible?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Airport drainage must prevent unacceptable ponding on operational pavements. Low-lying basins can be difficult to drain when the receiving outfall is also elevated during storms. Surface runoff, groundwater and flood behaviour should all be investigated. An inadequate drainage system can damage pavements, reduce operational availability and increase maintenance requirements. Site selection should therefore examine both the required infrastructure and the reliability of water discharge.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
A candidate airport site has an estimated design flood-water level of RL 104.2 m. A planning study specifies that the proposed operational platform must be at least 1.3 m above this level. What is the minimum acceptable platform elevation under the stated criterion?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The specified platform elevation must exceed the design flood-water level by the stated allowance. The flood-water level is RL 104.2 m. The required vertical allowance is 1.3 m. Adding them gives a minimum platform elevation of RL 105.5 m. This is a project-specific assumption and does not replace the applicable flood-risk, pavement-grading and drainage design requirements.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
Two candidate airports have similar flight-operational suitability. Site A is farther from the city but connects directly to an expressway and planned mass-transit route, while Site B is closer but depends on an unreliable congested road. Which accessibility criterion is most appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Airport accessibility depends on journey time and transport reliability rather than distance alone. Congested roads can produce long and unpredictable travel times even when the airport is close to the city. Public transport availability influences passenger convenience and regional accessibility. Freight, emergency-service and employee movements also require suitable connections. The preferred site should be evaluated within the wider surface transport network and its future development plans.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
For a simplified access comparison, Site A is 36 km from a demand centre with an assumed average access speed of 60 km/h. Site B is 24 km away with an assumed average access speed of 30 km/h. Ignoring all additional delays, which conclusion is correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Journey time is distance divided by average travel speed. For Site A, the time is 36/60 hour = 0.6 hour, or 36 minutes. For Site B, the time is 24/30 hour = 0.8 hour, or 48 minutes. Site A therefore offers a journey that is 48 - 36 = 12 minutes shorter. This simplified result illustrates why direct distance alone is inadequate for evaluating airport accessibility.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
A proposed runway approach passes close to a growing residential area, schools and hospitals. Which site-selection action best addresses long-term land-use compatibility?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Aircraft operations can generate significant noise exposure beyond the physical airport boundary. Residential areas, schools and hospitals can be especially sensitive to this exposure. Forecast noise contours and surrounding land-use plans should therefore be considered during site selection. Compatible planning can reduce future conflicts and protect airport operating capability. Economic benefits remain relevant but do not eliminate the need to assess noise and other environmental effects.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
A candidate airport site is situated beside an open municipal waste-disposal facility and extensive wetlands attracting large flocks of birds. Which engineering concern should receive particular attention?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Food sources, wetlands and open waste-disposal areas can attract potentially hazardous wildlife. Birds moving between feeding and roosting areas may cross aircraft approach or departure paths. Wildlife strikes can damage aircraft and threaten operational safety. An airport site assessment should therefore consider wildlife movement and the management of surrounding attractants. Suitable land-use controls and habitat-management measures are preferable to assuming that the airport boundary prevents wildlife movement.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
A remote airport site has favourable terrain and clear approaches but lacks a dependable electric supply, water supply and telecommunications network. Which planning response is most appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Airport operations require dependable power, communications and other supporting utilities. Essential systems include lighting, navigation-related infrastructure, terminal services and emergency facilities. A remote site may need substantial investment in utility connections and backup arrangements. The initial capital cost and long-term operating reliability should be evaluated together. Favourable runway terrain is not sufficient to establish feasibility when critical supporting infrastructure is unavailable.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
An airport master plan anticipates a future parallel runway, expanded terminal, cargo facilities and additional taxiways. Which land-related site-selection principle is most important?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Airport expansion often requires large contiguous areas beyond the initial operational footprint. A future runway requires suitable separation from other airfield facilities and adequate protected airspace. Terminal, cargo and taxiway growth must also be accommodated within the development plan. Land that becomes occupied by incompatible development may be difficult or expensive to recover. Protecting feasible expansion corridors during initial site selection can reduce long-term operational and financial constraints.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
A preliminary airport earthwork estimate includes 600,000 m³ of cutting at Rs. 300 per m³ and 300,000 m³ of filling at Rs. 400 per m³. Ignoring reuse adjustments, haulage differences and other costs, what is the combined estimated earthwork cost?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The cutting cost is 600000 multiplied by Rs. 300, giving Rs. 180000000. This equals Rs. 18 crore. The filling cost is 300000 multiplied by Rs. 400, giving Rs. 120000000 or Rs. 12 crore. Their combined cost is therefore Rs. 30 crore. This preliminary estimate excludes other site-development costs and assumes the specified cutting and filling quantities are independently payable.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
A proposed airport lies in a region experiencing high summer temperatures, intense seasonal rainfall and occasional strong crosswinds. Which conclusion best reflects the role of climate in airport-site evaluation?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
High air temperature can reduce aircraft takeoff and climb performance under otherwise comparable conditions. Airport elevation also affects air density and aircraft operating requirements. Heavy rainfall can increase demands on drainage systems and affect pavement condition. Wind and visibility directly influence runway usability and aircraft operating procedures. Long-term meteorological assessment is therefore necessary for both site selection and subsequent airport design.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
A multidisciplinary team compares three proposed airport sites. Site A is inexpensive but has serious unresolved approach-obstacle conflicts. Site B has moderate land and earthwork costs, satisfactory preliminary aeronautical conditions, dependable access and room for expansion. Site C has good natural terrain but severe unresolved flood and wildlife hazards. Which decision is most defensible at this screening stage?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Airport site selection requires balancing aviation safety, engineering feasibility, accessibility, environmental compatibility and economic viability. Serious approach-obstacle conflicts can make a site operationally difficult or require major mitigation. Flood and wildlife risks can also impose significant safety and development burdens. Site B has the strongest preliminary combination of acceptable operating conditions, access and expansion potential. Advancing it for detailed assessment is more defensible than treating preliminary screening as final project approval.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: B. Assess passenger and cargo demand, existing airport capacity, regional development, airspace constraints and the accessibility of alternative sites. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: D. Develop realistic traffic and aircraft-fleet forecasts, identify the planning aircraft and reserve suitable land for phased airside and landside development. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: A. Obtain the applicable site clearance through the designated governmental process, incorporating aviation assessments by the competent authorities and separately addressing required environmental and other approvals. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: C. Compatibility with surrounding controlled airspace, instrument procedures, approach and departure routes, and existing aerodrome operations. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: B. Evaluate long-term wind-direction and wind-speed data and favour an orientation that provides suitable wind coverage within the crosswind capabilities of the intended aircraft. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: A. 10 knots. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: D. 9.0 knots and 15.6 knots. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: C. 30 observations. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: A. Use representative long-term seasonal and annual wind records, assess runway wind coverage and crosswind conditions, and examine whether a single orientation provides acceptable operational performance. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: B. Low-visibility frequency affects operational availability and the need for suitable procedures and facilities, so it should be evaluated alongside other site-selection factors. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: D. An aeronautical obstacle and terrain survey assessing the applicable obstacle limitation and approach/departure protection surfaces. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: C. 6 m. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: A. The flatter tract generally offers advantages in grading and earthwork cost, but its drainage, geotechnical conditions and obstacle environment must still be assessed. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: D. Carry out geotechnical and groundwater investigations, evaluate settlement and pavement-support requirements, and estimate feasible ground-improvement and drainage measures. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: B. Site suitability depends on flood levels, surface runoff, outfall availability, groundwater conditions and the feasibility of a reliable airport drainage system. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: C. RL 105.5 m. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: A. Compare reliable door-to-door travel times, network capacity, public transport access and the resilience of the surface transport connections. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: D. Site A is 12 minutes quicker. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: B. Assess forecast aircraft-noise exposure, development sensitivity, protected approach areas and feasible land-use controls before finalizing the airport layout. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: C. Potential aircraft–wildlife strikes associated with nearby attractants, requiring a specialized hazard assessment and land-use mitigation strategy. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: A. Evaluate the cost, reliability, redundancy and development feasibility of utilities and emergency-service infrastructure before accepting the site. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: D. Reserve and protect suitable contiguous land and airspace for staged development, considering future safety areas, separations and access connections. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: B. Rs. 30 crore. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: C. Temperature and elevation influence aircraft performance, while rainfall, wind and visibility affect pavement drainage, runway orientation and operational reliability. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: A. Advance Site B for detailed investigation while requiring full verification of its aeronautical, environmental, geotechnical and economic suitability. సమాధానం: A.