Please keep at least one language enabled. || కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
Under the current IRC:73-2023 functional classification of non-urban roads, which grouping correctly represents the primary, secondary and tertiary systems?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
IRC:73-2023 identifies three broad systems for the functional classification of non-urban roads. Expressways and National Highways belong to the primary system. State Highways and Major District Roads form the secondary system. Other District Roads and Village Roads constitute the tertiary or rural-road system. The grouping reflects differing roles in mobility, accessibility and network planning.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
An examiner compares the Nagpur road-plan classification with the modified system described in IRC:73-2023. Which statement correctly distinguishes them?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The Nagpur road-plan classification traditionally named five non-urban categories. These were National Highways, State Highways, Major District Roads, Other District Roads and Village Roads. IRC:73-2023 discusses this historical classification before describing a modified three-system hierarchy. The modified hierarchy also includes expressways as part of the primary system. The historical five-category list and current three-system grouping should therefore not be presented as contradictory classifications of the same period.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
A proposed long-distance corridor connects state capitals, a major seaport and strategically important inter-state destinations. Which non-urban class is most closely associated with this network role, subject to formal designation?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
National Highways form an important framework for long-distance connectivity across India. Their functions include connecting major ports, state capitals and significant industrial or strategic centres. The described corridor has a predominantly national and inter-state role. Its classification still requires the relevant formal declaration rather than being determined by destinations alone. Pavement type or the number of lanes is not sufficient to establish National Highway status.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
A road primarily connects district headquarters and important towns within one state and provides connections to the National Highway network and adjoining states. Which category best represents its functional role?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
State Highways are major arterial routes within a state. They link district headquarters and important cities. They also connect with National Highways and highways of neighbouring states. Major District Roads perform a more district-focused production and market connectivity function. The road's stated role is therefore most consistent with a State Highway.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
An important district route connects agricultural-production zones with principal markets and links those markets to a main highway. Which classification best fits this description under IRC:73-2023?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A Major District Road provides significant connectivity within a district. It commonly links areas of production with market centres. Such roads can connect these areas with each other or with higher-category highways. They are part of the secondary non-urban road system in IRC:73-2023. A Village Road has a more local village-access role and is not the closest match to this stated district-wide function.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
A rural route carries traffic from dispersed agricultural areas to a tehsil headquarters, a block development centre and another main road. It is not primarily an inter-district trunk route. Which classification is most suitable?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Other District Roads provide outlets from rural production areas to important local service centres. These destinations may include markets, tehsil headquarters and block headquarters. They also provide links to other main roads. IRC:73-2023 groups ODRs within the tertiary non-urban system. The stated rural feeder function differs from the primary mobility role of an expressway or National Highway.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
Several small villages need direct inter-village links and a connection to the nearest higher-category road. Which non-urban classification is the best starting point for the route network?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Village Roads connect villages or groups of villages with one another. They also provide access to the nearest road of a higher category. This makes local connectivity their defining function. Under IRC:73-2023, Village Roads belong to the tertiary system. Their role cannot be inferred solely from whether their surface is gravel or bituminous.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
Consider the following statements based on IRC:73-2023: I. Expressways and National Highways predominantly serve mobility. II. ODRs and Village Roads predominantly serve access. III. SHs and MDRs balance mobility and accessibility. Which statements are correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Functional road classification considers both mobility and accessibility. Expressways and National Highways emphasize efficient long-distance movement. Other District Roads and Village Roads give greater importance to local accessibility. State Highways and Major District Roads fulfil an intermediate role involving both objectives. All three statements agree with the hierarchy described in IRC:73-2023.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
A transport planner proposes calling every four-lane road a National Highway and every single-lane road a Village Road. Which engineering objection is most valid?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Lane count describes an element of the roadway's physical cross-section. The functional hierarchy instead considers the character of transport service that the route provides. An administrative highway designation also cannot be inferred merely from width. Different functional road classes can be upgraded or widened as traffic grows. The planner should therefore assess network role and designation separately from the number of lanes.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
A new non-urban through route is designed with divided carriageways, full access control and grade-separated intersections for high-speed traffic. Which description most closely matches IRC:73-2023?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
IRC:73-2023 treats an expressway as a high-standard through route. Its characteristic features include divided carriageways and full control of access. Grade separation is used at intersection locations to support high-speed movement. These provisions distinguish an expressway from an ordinary road with merely a wide pavement. Full access control should not be assumed for every National Highway simply because both belong to the primary system.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
A municipal engineer uses IRC:86-2018 to classify urban streets. Which list contains all the urban categories recognized there without importing the non-urban district-road hierarchy?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
IRC:86-2018 specifies six categories of urban roads and streets. These include urban expressways, arterial roads and sub-arterial roads. Collector streets, local streets and NMT streets or greenways complete the classification. The non-urban district-road labels belong to a separate classification context. Urban functional planning should also account for pedestrians, cyclists and other street users.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
A continuous city road serves substantial through traffic connecting major urban districts and regional destinations. The design restricts kerbside parking and protects pedestrians and cyclists. Which urban class best matches this function?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
An urban arterial road primarily serves through traffic on a continuous route. It facilitates movement across the city and connections to long-distance destinations. IRC:86-2018 also emphasizes safe provision for non-motorized transport users. On-street parking is generally prohibited or restricted, subject to suitable service-lane provision. The stated function is therefore more consistent with an arterial road than a street mainly providing individual property access.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
A road carries through traffic across neighbourhoods and connects to major city arterials, but it offers somewhat less through-movement priority than the principal arterials. How should it normally be classified?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Sub-arterials primarily serve through traffic but at a lower mobility level than arterials. They support movement through neighbourhoods and connect with higher-level urban roads. Their functional role lies between principal arterials and collectors. This classification does not mean that every sub-arterial has a single fixed lane count. The role of the road in the urban network is the determining consideration.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
A street collects traffic from several local streets and distributes it to adjoining arterial and sub-arterial roads while also accommodating pedestrian access. Which classification is most defensible?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Collector streets gather and distribute traffic between local streets and higher-order urban roads. They balance access with the movement of traffic through neighbourhoods. IRC:86-2018 specifically calls for pedestrian facilities and measures supporting non-motorized users. Their purpose differs from the high-speed controlled-access role of an expressway. The described intermediate distribution function is characteristic of a collector street.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
A residential street predominantly serves houses and small adjacent businesses; the municipality wants to discourage shortcut through traffic and prioritize pedestrian safety. What is the most suitable urban functional class?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The primary purpose of a local street is access to adjoining properties and local activities. Through traffic is not intended to dominate its operation. Traffic calming and pedestrian-friendly design may therefore be appropriate. IRC:86-2018 recognizes shared-space arrangements in suitable local-street situations. The design choice should reflect neighbourhood safety rather than maximizing through-vehicle speed.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
A city develops a corridor intended for walking and cycling, with ordinary motorized through traffic excluded and suitable emergency access arrangements. Under IRC:86-2018, which class is most appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
NMT streets and greenways are a distinct urban category under IRC:86-2018. They emphasize non-motorized movement and accessible public space. Ordinary motorized traffic is excluded through appropriate design and management measures. Emergency-response access should still be considered in the layout. Such a facility is not equivalent to a conventional collector street or an expressway.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
A new neighbourhood connects a series of residential cul-de-sacs to a major cross-city road. Which functional progression best maintains the intended accessibility-to-mobility transition?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Local streets provide direct property access and neighbourhood circulation. Collectors combine and distribute traffic from those streets. Arterials then carry a greater share of longer-distance movement through the urban network. Where an expressway is involved, traffic should enter through properly designed controlled connections. This hierarchy reduces incompatible direct-access conflicts along high-mobility corridors.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
A road inventory includes a bituminous-surfaced rural route and an untreated gravel/earth track. Which description correctly distinguishes the surface classifications without changing their functional road classes?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Surface classification distinguishes paved from unpaved road construction. A suitably surfaced bituminous road is classified as paved. An untreated earth or gravel track is generally considered unpaved. These terms describe the road surface rather than its role in regional connectivity. An ODR or Village Road can be improved from unpaved to paved condition without automatically changing its functional designation.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
A highway engineer compares a conventional bituminous pavement on granular layers with a cement-concrete slab pavement. Which structural classification and load-transfer interpretation is correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Flexible pavement typically consists of bituminous and supporting layers that distribute wheel loads through the layered system. Rigid pavement relies significantly on the flexural stiffness of a cement-concrete slab. These classifications concern structural behaviour rather than the road's administrative class. Both pavement types may be used on major roads when properly designed. The appropriate choice depends on traffic loading, materials, ground conditions and life-cycle considerations.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
IRC:73-2023 notes classifications based on road-material type, rigidity, surface condition and function. Which statement about pavement classification is correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Roads can be classified along several independent engineering dimensions. Pavement rigidity is one such dimension. IRC:73-2023 refers to flexible, semi-rigid and rigid pavement types. Functional road classes instead describe the nature of the connectivity service provided. Confusing these dimensions can lead to unsuitable conclusions about design requirements or road status.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
A four-lane divided road within a state carries important inter-district traffic and is officially designated a State Highway. An engineer argues that four lanes and a median automatically make it an NH or expressway. Which judgement is correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The number of lanes and the presence of a median describe physical road geometry. State Highways can carry substantial traffic and may be designed with multiple lanes. Expressway classification additionally involves controlled access and a specific mobility role. National Highway status is not assigned simply by measuring carriageway width. The route's formal designation and functional role must be considered independently of its cross-section.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
A planning note uses the term 'rural roads' to mean all roads located outside municipal limits, including expressways and NHs. What correction is most consistent with the terminology in IRC:73-2023?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Non-urban is a broad location-related term for roads outside built-up urban settings. IRC:73-2023 includes primary, secondary and tertiary systems within its non-urban classification. The tertiary system is specifically labelled as the rural-road system. This tertiary system contains Other District Roads and Village Roads. Using rural roads as an exact synonym for every non-urban highway would obscure this technical distinction.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
A non-urban network inventory reports 25 km of expressways, 45 km of NH, 70 km of SH, 50 km of MDR, 100 km of ODR and 110 km of VR. Under IRC:73-2023, what percentage of this total network length belongs to the tertiary system?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The tertiary system includes ODRs and Village Roads. Their combined length is 100 + 110 = 210 km. Total network length is 25 + 45 + 70 + 50 + 100 + 110 = 400 km. The tertiary share is therefore 210/400 multiplied by 100. This equals 52.5% of the stated network length.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
Two equal-service urban corridors are being compared for through-movement priority. Corridor X has 30 direct property entrances along 3 km, while Corridor Y has 10 such entrances along 5 km. Which interpretation of access density is correct, assuming other conditions are comparable?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Direct-access density is the number of property entrances divided by corridor length. Corridor X has 30/3 = 10 entrances per kilometre. Corridor Y has 10/5 = 2 entrances per kilometre. Fewer direct-access conflict points are generally more compatible with higher through-mobility, other factors being equal. Classification still requires assessment of network function, not merely this single access-density indicator.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
A paved bituminous surface is provided on an existing officially designated ODR, but its route, connecting settlements and administrative designation are unchanged. Which conclusion about classification is most defensible?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
An ODR is identified by its rural feeder function and designated network role. Providing a bituminous surface changes its surfacing condition. The improvement may enhance travel comfort and reliability without altering the endpoints or intended hierarchy. Pavement surface and functional class are distinct classification dimensions. Reclassification should therefore not be inferred from the surfacing work alone.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: C. Primary: expressways and NH; secondary: SH and MDR; tertiary: ODR and VR. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: A. The Nagpur classification listed NH, SH, MDR, ODR and VR, while the present IRC framework additionally places expressways with NH in a primary system and groups the six classes into three systems. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: D. National Highway. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: B. State Highway. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: A. Major District Road. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: C. Other District Road. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: D. Village Road. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: B. I, II and III. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: C. Lane configuration is a physical classification, whereas NH, SH and other functional categories also depend on network role and formal status. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: A. An expressway providing high mobility with controlled entry and exit. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: D. Urban expressway, arterial road, sub-arterial road, collector street, local street, and NMT streets/greenways. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: B. Arterial road. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: A. Sub-arterial road. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: C. Collector street. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: D. Local street. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: B. NMT street or greenway. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: C. Local streets to collector streets to arterial road, with controlled connections where the network joins an expressway. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: A. The bituminous-surfaced route is paved, while the untreated gravel/earth track is unpaved; either surface description is separate from the road's functional hierarchy. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: B. The bituminous layered pavement is conventionally flexible, while the concrete slab pavement is rigid and distributes loads significantly through slab flexural action. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: D. Flexible, semi-rigid and rigid are structural-pavement categories; they are separate from NH–SH–MDR–ODR–VR functional labels. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: C. Its physical form does not automatically change its SH designation or confer expressway access control; function and formal classification must be examined separately. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: A. In the three-system hierarchy, the tertiary system is specifically identified as rural roads comprising ODRs and VRs, while non-urban roads also include primary and secondary classes. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: D. 52.5%. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: B. X has 10 entrances/km and Y has 2 entrances/km; Y's lower direct-access density is generally more compatible with a higher-mobility function. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: A. Its surface has been upgraded, but it remains an ODR unless its functional or administrative designation is formally changed. సమాధానం: A.