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Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
Which description correctly distinguishes railway points (switches) from the crossing in a conventional turnout?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Points are the movable switching arrangement at the approach to a turnout. They direct an approaching wheelset toward the selected route. The crossing is a separate assembly where running-rail paths intersect. It provides flangeways and appropriate wheel support through that intersection. Both assemblies must function together with the lead rails and fastenings for safe turnout operation.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
In a conventional railway switch, which statement correctly identifies stock rails and tongue rails?
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Explanation:
Stock rails provide the fixed running-rail references in the switch assembly. Tongue rails are tapered to permit a suitable entry and contact geometry. The movable tongues are operated to open one route while closing the other. Correct housing against the associated stock rail is necessary for safe wheel guidance. The condition of both rail types and their fittings must be checked during inspection.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
How does a loose-heel railway switch differ principally from a fixed-heel switch?
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Explanation:
The heel is the rear region of the tongue rail where it connects toward the lead. A loose-heel arrangement uses a joint that permits the necessary switch movement. A fixed-heel arrangement restrains the heel and accommodates tongue movement by rail flexure. These arrangements have different joint and maintenance implications. The approved drawing and fastening details determine the correct application of each switch type.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
A railway engineer compares a conventional straight switch with an approved curved switch for a turnout. Which statement is the most accurate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A straight switch has a tongue alignment that is straight over its specified working portion. A curved switch incorporates planned curvature in its tongue geometry. Suitable curved arrangements can improve the entry into the diverging route. This does not make the crossing angle, lead curve or locking arrangement irrelevant. The permitted speed must correspond to the approved turnout design and maintenance condition.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
What is the principal role of stretcher bars and the associated operating arrangement in an ordinary two-tongue railway switch?
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Explanation:
The two tongue rails must move in a coordinated manner to establish a selected route. Stretcher bars or an approved equivalent link the tongues and maintain their relative spacing. The operating mechanism drives the switch between its designated positions. Defects in the connecting or operating components can produce unsafe tongue openings. Their condition must be considered together with point detection and locking requirements.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
Why are slide chairs and heel or distance blocks important in a railway switch assembly?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A tongue rail moves laterally while remaining supported along the switch assembly. Slide chairs provide the required support and sliding interface in approved layouts. Heel and distance blocks contribute to the prescribed relationships between adjoining rail components. Loose or worn fittings can disturb the switch geometry and load path. Maintenance must check their seating, attachment and compatibility with the approved switch design.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
A train is to make a facing movement through an interlocked turnout. Which condition is essential before authorizing the movement?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
In a facing movement, a wheelset encounters the switch toes before the crossing. The points determine which route the wheelset follows. Incorrectly positioned or unsecured points can create a dangerous loss of wheel guidance. Interlocking and point-detection arrangements are designed to protect the selected route. Operating authority must follow the applicable signalling and safe-working rules rather than relying only on a visual assumption.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
During inspection, a tongue rail is found bent and fails to house against its stock rail, leaving a significant gap at the closed toe. What is the most appropriate response?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The closed tongue must fit correctly against its stock rail in the designed position. A bent, chipped or otherwise defective tongue can prevent satisfactory housing. Such a defect may allow an approaching wheel flange to enter an unsafe path. The switch condition and its detection or locking must be investigated before normal operation is relied upon. Corrective action should follow the applicable permanent-way and signalling procedures.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
The position of a tongue rail at its toe changes from 35 mm to 160 mm relative to the same fixed measuring datum when operated from closed to open. What is the measured switch throw?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Switch throw is the change in transverse tongue position at the specified measurement location. Both readings in this question use the same fixed reference. The difference is 160 minus 35, or 125 mm. The first position reading is not itself the throw. Whether 125 mm is acceptable must be checked against the approved switch drawing rather than an assumed universal dimension.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
For a conventional built-up acute railway crossing, which component description is correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A conventional built-up crossing uses shaped and connected rail pieces to create the nose. The point rail and splice rail form the principal V-shaped nose arrangement. Wing rails lie alongside the nose and define the wheel path through the crossing region. The exact construction differs for cast manganese steel and other approved crossing types. An inspector must identify each component according to the particular installed crossing design.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
Why must the actual nose of an acute fixed crossing be distinguished from its theoretical nose?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The theoretical crossing nose is established from the intersecting gauge lines. It is useful as a geometric reference for setting out the crossing. A physically sharp zero-width metal tip would not provide adequate durability. Therefore the actual crossing nose begins at a finite-width section set back from the theoretical intersection. The distinction is important for inspection, setting out and component identification.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
What is the key distinction between a wing rail and a check rail at a fixed railway crossing?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A fixed crossing contains a discontinuity in the running surface needed for wheel flanges. Wing rails help carry and guide the wheel tread as load transfers through the nose region. A check rail is installed opposite the crossing and engages the back of the appropriate wheel flange when necessary. This lateral guidance helps prevent the other wheel flange from striking the crossing nose. Both the wing-rail geometry and check-rail clearance are important for safe running.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
On a fan-shaped turnout to which the Indian Railways specified check-rail clearance of 41–45 mm applies, an inspection finds 48 mm clearance. What is the minimum reduction needed to reach the permissible range?
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Explanation:
The stated permissible clearance extends from 41 mm to 45 mm. The measured value is 48 mm, which exceeds the upper bound. The smallest reduction that restores the stated range is 48 minus 45 = 3 mm. A greater reduction would also need to respect the minimum clearance of 41 mm. The final adjustment must follow the specified crossing and check-rail maintenance procedure.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
In the idealized crossing-number convention N = cot(F), what is the included angle F for a 1 in 16 acute crossing, approximately?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The crossing number is the cotangent of the included crossing angle. Thus tan(F) equals 1/16 for this crossing. The required angle is arctan(0.0625). This gives approximately 3.576 degrees, or 3.58 degrees. The answer is a geometric crossing angle, not a permissible operating speed.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
For two ordinary fixed acute crossings, one designated 1 in 8.5 and the other 1 in 16, which statement correctly compares their included angles?
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Explanation:
The crossing number equals the cotangent of the acute crossing angle. Increasing that number reduces the corresponding angle. Hence a 1 in 16 crossing is geometrically flatter than a 1 in 8.5 crossing. Flatter crossings can be useful in higher-speed turnout layouts when the remainder of the geometry supports them. The approved route speed cannot be established from crossing number alone.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
Which distinction between acute and obtuse railway crossings is appropriate at degree-level examination scope?
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Explanation:
Acute crossings are commonly represented by a V-shaped crossing nose. Obtuse crossings occur in the central region of ordinary diamond arrangements. The obtuse crossing contains a more challenging interruption in running-edge guidance. Check rails and suitable geometric details are important for safe passage through that region. The actual construction must follow the approved crossing or diamond drawing.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
Two straight railway tracks cross each other at a non-right angle without a connecting slip route. Which description correctly identifies an ordinary diamond crossing?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
An ordinary diamond allows two intersecting railway tracks to cross without transferring between them. Its geometry includes two acute crossing locations and two obtuse crossing locations. The crossings together maintain the paths of both tracks through the intersection. The wheel-guidance arrangements must be kept in correct condition, particularly at the obtuse crossings. A route-changing movement requires additional switchwork such as a slip arrangement.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
What distinguishes a single-slip diamond from a double-slip diamond?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A plain diamond allows the intersecting routes to remain separate. A single-slip diamond includes the switchwork necessary for one of the two possible diagonal transfer connections. A double-slip arrangement provides both connecting directions through the diamond. These layouts are compact but mechanically and geometrically more complex than a plain crossing. Their use and maintenance depend on approved drawings, signalling and operating constraints.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
Why may a movable-switch diamond be selected instead of a conventional fixed obtuse-crossing diamond in a suitable approved layout?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Conventional obtuse crossings can create a relatively long unguided region for a wheelset. This becomes especially important in flat diamond layouts. A movable-switch diamond uses appropriately operated crossing elements to provide a more continuous running path for the selected route. Safe operation still requires correct point setting, detection and locking. The arrangement must comply with an approved design and its maintenance requirements.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
For an Indian Railways broad-gauge crossing portion, assume the current applicable gauge tolerance is -3 mm to +1 mm relative to the nominal 1676 mm gauge. Which is the permitted interval?
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Explanation:
The nominal broad gauge stated in the problem is 1676 mm. The lower tolerance is minus 3 mm, so the lower boundary is 1673 mm. The upper tolerance is plus 1 mm, so the upper boundary is 1677 mm. Thus the interval is 1673–1677 mm for the stated crossing-portion provision. The check-rail and wing-rail clearances must also meet their separate applicable requirements.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
At an ideal acute crossing, the measured tangent of the crossing angle is 0.0625. What is its crossing number N under the relation N = 1/tan(F)?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The question supplies the tangent of the crossing angle directly. The crossing number is the reciprocal of this tangent. Dividing 1 by 0.0625 gives 16. The crossing is therefore described geometrically as 1 in 16. Its suitability for a particular route depends on the full approved crossing and turnout layout.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
In an ideal straight-line diamond diagram, an acute crossing angle is specified as 40 degrees. What is the adjacent supplementary obtuse intersection angle?
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Explanation:
Adjacent angles formed by two intersecting straight lines add to 180 degrees. The specified acute angle is 40 degrees. The adjacent obtuse angle is therefore 180 minus 40 = 140 degrees. This is elementary intersection geometry applied to an ideal railway diamond diagram. Detailed crossing construction still depends on the approved rail and flangeway layout.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
An ordinary fixed crossing has correct nominal rail gauge but excessive check-rail clearance and a battered crossing nose. What is the safest technical interpretation?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A wheelset needs correct guidance through the discontinuities in a fixed crossing. The check rail controls the lateral position of the wheelset when contact occurs. Excessive clearance can permit a flange to approach or strike the nose incorrectly. A battered nose may also disrupt the transfer of wheel load through the crossing. The engineer must examine all relevant dimensions and damage rather than rely on a single gauge reading.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
A railway junction uses several points and crossings controlled by interlocking. Which safety condition is essential before a train is routed across a selected connection?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A complex junction contains multiple possible routes and conflicting train movements. Correct point setting is necessary to establish the physical path. Detection and locking provide assurance that the required switch positions are maintained. Interlocking prevents incompatible movements from being authorized together. Track geometry and crossing condition must also satisfy permanent-way requirements.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
A field inspection finds a gaping tongue rail, loose slide-chair fixings, excessive check-rail clearance and poor packing beneath a crossing. What is the best engineering response?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A turnout relies on the combined performance of its switch, lead and crossing assemblies. Poor switch housing can produce unsafe guidance at the start of a facing movement. Excessive check-rail clearance can expose the crossing nose to improper flange contact. Deficient sleeper packing can increase impact and accelerate deterioration. The correct response is integrated condition assessment and maintenance with the required operating precautions.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: B. Points select the route by positioning movable tongue rails, while the crossing permits wheels to pass where the running-rail paths intersect. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: D. Stock rails remain fixed, while tapered tongue rails move relative to them to select the running route. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: A. A loose-heel tongue is joined to its lead rail through an articulated joint at the heel, whereas a fixed-heel tongue is restrained at its heel and moves mainly by flexure. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: C. A curved switch can provide a smoother diverging-route alignment, but its use and permissible speed depend on the complete approved turnout geometry. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: B. They maintain coordinated relative positions of the two tongue rails during point operation and help preserve the required openings and closed-rail relationship. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: A. Slide chairs support the moving tongue over its working region, while correctly fitted blocks help maintain the prescribed geometry and support near designated switch locations. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: D. The points must be correctly set, secured or locked and proved as required by the signalling and operating system for the intended route. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: C. Treat the poor housing as a safety-related defect, inspect tongue and stock rail condition and arrange correction with the relevant track and signalling personnel. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: A. 125 mm. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: B. The point rail and splice rail form the crossing nose, while shaped wing rails flank the approach and assist wheel support. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: C. The theoretical nose is a geometric intersection, whereas the actual metal nose is set back to provide a manufacturable and sufficiently robust point. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: D. The wing rail supports and guides the wheel tread through the crossing region, whereas the check rail controls lateral wheelset position by acting on the opposite wheel-flange back when required. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: A. 3 mm. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: B. 3.58 degrees. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: D. The 1 in 16 crossing is flatter and has a smaller included angle than the 1 in 8.5 crossing. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: C. An acute crossing involves an acute intersection arrangement, whereas an obtuse or K crossing is associated with the obtuse intersections in diamond layouts and requires careful wheel guidance. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: A. It consists of two acute crossings and two obtuse crossings arranged so each track can continue across the other. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: B. A single slip provides one of the two possible diagonal connecting paths through a diamond, whereas a double slip provides both diagonal connecting paths using additional switch assemblies. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: D. Moving the designated crossing rails can reduce or remove the unguided running-edge gap at an obtuse crossing, improving wheel guidance through the selected route. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: C. 1673–1677 mm. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: A. 16. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: B. 140 degrees. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: D. Nominal gauge compliance is insufficient; check-rail guidance, flangeways, nose condition and supporting track geometry require coordinated inspection and correction. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: C. The relevant switches must be correctly set and detected or locked, with the route protected against conflicting movements according to the signalling system. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: A. Protect the affected movement as required and coordinate inspection and correction of switch housing, fittings, check-rail geometry, crossing condition and sleeper support before restoring normal operation. సమాధానం: A.