Please keep at least one language enabled. || కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
In a conventional hard disk drive, what does seek time primarily measure?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• An HDD stores data on rotating magnetic platters and uses movable read/write heads.
• Seek time refers primarily to the movement of the head assembly to the track containing the required data.
• Rotational latency is a separate delay associated with waiting for the desired sector to rotate under the head.
• Seek time refers primarily to the movement of the head assembly to the track containing the required data.
• Rotational latency is a separate delay associated with waiting for the desired sector to rotate under the head.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
Which statement correctly describes optical storage media such as CD and DVD?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Optical storage uses laser technology to read information from optical media.
• Writable and rewritable optical formats use optical recording processes rather than magnetic hard-disk heads.
• CD and DVD are examples of removable optical media.
• Writable and rewritable optical formats use optical recording processes rather than magnetic hard-disk heads.
• CD and DVD are examples of removable optical media.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
Which characteristic most clearly distinguishes a typical SSD from a traditional HDD?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Most modern SSDs use non-volatile NAND flash memory to store data electronically.
• They do not require rotating platters or mechanically moving read/write heads.
• The absence of those mechanical movements contributes to low access latency and resistance to certain mechanical shocks.
• They do not require rotating platters or mechanically moving read/write heads.
• The absence of those mechanical movements contributes to low access latency and resistance to certain mechanical shocks.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
Which statement about a USB flash drive is correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• USB flash drives commonly use non-volatile flash memory.
• Stored information remains available after the device is disconnected from electrical power.
• They can store many file types and are not restricted to executable programs.
• Stored information remains available after the device is disconnected from electrical power.
• They can store many file types and are not restricted to executable programs.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
Four identical 2 TB drives are configured as conventional RAID 10 using mirrored pairs that are then striped. Ignoring formatting and metadata overhead, what is the approximate usable capacity?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• RAID 10 combines mirroring and striping.
• Mirroring effectively uses half of the raw capacity for redundant copies.
• Four 2 TB drives provide 8 TB raw capacity, so the approximate usable capacity is 4 TB.
• Mirroring effectively uses half of the raw capacity for redundant copies.
• Four 2 TB drives provide 8 TB raw capacity, so the approximate usable capacity is 4 TB.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
Six identical 3 TB drives are configured as conventional RAID 6. Ignoring formatting and metadata overhead, which statement is correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• RAID 6 uses the equivalent capacity of two drives for distributed dual-parity protection.
• Usable capacity is approximately (N - 2) × drive capacity = (6 - 2) × 3 TB = 12 TB.
• RAID 6 is designed to tolerate failure of any two drives in the array.
• Usable capacity is approximately (N - 2) × drive capacity = (6 - 2) × 3 TB = 12 TB.
• RAID 6 is designed to tolerate failure of any two drives in the array.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
Which statement about RAID and backup is most accurate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• RAID redundancy can help a system continue operating after certain drive failures.
• It does not inherently protect against accidental deletion, file corruption, ransomware, theft or other events affecting the logical data.
• Independent backups remain necessary for reliable data recovery.
• It does not inherently protect against accidental deletion, file corruption, ransomware, theft or other events affecting the logical data.
• Independent backups remain necessary for reliable data recovery.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
Which Windows administrative utility is specifically intended for tasks such as viewing disks, creating or deleting volumes, formatting volumes and assigning drive letters?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Disk Management provides graphical administration of disks and volumes in Windows.
• It can perform operations such as partitioning, formatting supported volumes and assigning drive letters.
• Event Viewer and Task Scheduler perform different system-administration functions.
• It can perform operations such as partitioning, formatting supported volumes and assigning drive letters.
• Event Viewer and Task Scheduler perform different system-administration functions.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
Which Windows file system is commonly used on modern Windows system drives and supports features such as file/folder permissions and journaling?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• NTFS is widely used for Windows system and data volumes.
• It supports security permissions, large files, journaling and several other advanced filesystem features.
• FAT12 is associated with much older and smaller storage media, while ISO 9660 is principally associated with optical-disc filesystems.
• It supports security permissions, large files, journaling and several other advanced filesystem features.
• FAT12 is associated with much older and smaller storage media, while ISO 9660 is principally associated with optical-disc filesystems.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
Which property is essential for a field or combination of fields chosen as a primary key in a relational table?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A primary key uniquely identifies each row in a relational table.
• Primary-key values must therefore be unique and present for every record.
• A primary key may consist of one field or, where appropriate, a combination of fields.
• Primary-key values must therefore be unique and present for every record.
• A primary key may consist of one field or, where appropriate, a combination of fields.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
In an RDBMS, what is the principal role of a foreign key?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A foreign key is a field or set of fields whose values reference a key in another related table.
• Foreign keys allow relationships such as Customers-to-Orders to be represented relationally.
• Referential-integrity rules can restrict foreign-key values that do not correspond to valid referenced records.
• Foreign keys allow relationships such as Customers-to-Orders to be represented relationally.
• Referential-integrity rules can restrict foreign-key values that do not correspond to valid referenced records.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
A table has a composite primary key (CaseID, ItemNo). The attribute ItemDescription depends only on ItemNo rather than on the complete composite key. Which normal-form requirement is violated by this partial dependency?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Second Normal Form requires non-key attributes to depend on the whole candidate key rather than only part of a composite key.
• ItemDescription depending only on ItemNo is a partial dependency.
• Therefore the relation fails 2NF even before considering higher normal forms.
• ItemDescription depending only on ItemNo is a partial dependency.
• Therefore the relation fails 2NF even before considering higher normal forms.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
Transaction T1 changes a database record but has not yet committed. Transaction T2 must not treat T1's temporary intermediate result as a completed value. Which ACID property most directly addresses this requirement?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Isolation governs interactions between simultaneously executing transactions.
• It prevents inappropriate exposure of one transaction's incomplete intermediate state to another transaction.
• Durability instead concerns persistence of successfully committed changes.
• It prevents inappropriate exposure of one transaction's incomplete intermediate state to another transaction.
• Durability instead concerns persistence of successfully committed changes.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
Which statement best describes a common trade-off when an index is added to a frequently searched database column?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• An index can reduce the amount of data that must be examined for suitable searches and sorting operations.
• Index structures consume additional storage and must be maintained when indexed values are inserted, deleted or changed.
• Indexes therefore involve a performance trade-off rather than improving every operation without cost.
• Index structures consume additional storage and must be maintained when indexed values are inserted, deleted or changed.
• Indexes therefore involve a performance trade-off rather than improving every operation without cost.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
In a Microsoft Access desktop database, what is the maximum normal field size of a Short Text field?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Access Short Text fields support a Field Size setting from 1 through 255 characters.
• Larger textual content is normally stored using the Long Text data type.
• Short Text is well suited to names, codes, short descriptions and similar values.
• Larger textual content is normally stored using the Long Text data type.
• Short Text is well suited to names, codes, short descriptions and similar values.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
In Access, Customers.CustomerID is a standard AutoNumber primary key using the Long Integer size. Which field type is normally appropriate for Orders.CustomerID when it is used as the related foreign key?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Related key fields must have compatible data types and field sizes.
• Microsoft specifically permits a standard AutoNumber Long Integer primary key to be related to a Number field whose Field Size is Long Integer.
• The foreign key should store the referenced customer's identifier rather than independently generating a new identifier.
• Microsoft specifically permits a standard AutoNumber Long Integer primary key to be related to a Number field whose Field Size is Long Integer.
• The foreign key should store the referenced customer's identifier rather than independently generating a new identifier.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
An Access table contains 10,000 active employee records. Management wants the Status field changed from "Active" to "Archived" for every record meeting specified retirement criteria. Which Access query type is designed to modify many existing records in one operation?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• An Update query modifies values in existing records that satisfy specified criteria.
• It can change many records in one operation, so the affected records should be verified and the database backed up before execution.
• A Select query retrieves records but does not itself modify their stored values.
• It can change many records in one operation, so the affected records should be verified and the database backed up before execution.
• A Select query retrieves records but does not itself modify their stored values.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
Which pairing of Microsoft Access objects with their primary purposes is correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Forms provide interfaces for viewing, entering and editing database records.
• Reports are designed for formatted presentation, grouping, summarization and printing of data.
• The underlying data is normally stored in tables rather than physically inside forms or reports.
• Reports are designed for formatted presentation, grouping, summarization and printing of data.
• The underlying data is normally stored in tables rather than physically inside forms or reports.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
An Access field named Score must accept values only from 0 through 100 inclusive. Which field property is specifically intended to enforce a condition such as >=0 And <=100 during data entry?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A Validation Rule specifies a condition that entered data must satisfy before Access accepts it.
• A rule such as >=0 And <=100 restricts the permitted Score values to the required range.
• Validation Text can additionally provide a helpful message when an invalid value is entered.
• A rule such as >=0 And <=100 restricts the permitted Score values to the required range.
• Validation Text can additionally provide a helpful message when an invalid value is entered.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
An Access table stores Incident records containing District and Amount. A query must return one row per District together with the total Amount for that District. Which query design is most appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A Totals query can group records according to a field such as District.
• The Sum aggregate can then calculate the combined Amount for each district group.
• The resulting grouped data can also serve as a suitable source for a summarized report.
• The Sum aggregate can then calculate the combined Amount for each district group.
• The resulting grouped data can also serve as a suitable source for a summarized report.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
A police evidence database needs to associate several photographs and PDF documents with a single Access record. Which Access feature is specifically designed to store and manage multiple attached files for a record?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Access Attachment fields are designed to associate files such as images and documents with records.
• An attachment field can support multiple attached files for an item or record.
• AutoNumber and Yes/No fields are designed for entirely different kinds of stored values.
• An attachment field can support multiple attached files for an item or record.
• AutoNumber and Yes/No fields are designed for entirely different kinds of stored values.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
An office wants a dedicated device on its LAN to provide centralized shared folders to authorized computers through Ethernet. Which storage solution best matches this requirement?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• NAS is a storage device or server connected to a network and designed to provide shared file access.
• Multiple authorized users and devices can access centrally stored files through a LAN using network file-sharing protocols.
• NAS devices commonly contain HDDs or SSDs and connect through Ethernet.
• Multiple authorized users and devices can access centrally stored files through a LAN using network file-sharing protocols.
• NAS devices commonly contain HDDs or SSDs and connect through Ethernet.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
Which statement correctly distinguishes typical NAS storage from a Storage Area Network (SAN)?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• NAS commonly presents shared files and folders through file-level network protocols.
• A SAN provides servers with networked block-storage resources that can appear much like locally attached disks.
• Both are networked storage approaches, but they expose storage at different logical levels.
• A SAN provides servers with networked block-storage resources that can appear much like locally attached disks.
• Both are networked storage approaches, but they expose storage at different logical levels.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
A NAS appliance and twenty workstations are connected to the same Ethernet LAN. Which networking device is primarily responsible for forwarding Ethernet frames between these local devices based on MAC-address information?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• An Ethernet switch interconnects devices within a LAN and forwards frames according to learned MAC-address information.
• The workstations and NAS can communicate locally through the switch without requiring a modem for same-LAN traffic.
• A modem serves a different communications function and is not the normal LAN frame-forwarding device.
• The workstations and NAS can communicate locally through the switch without requiring a modem for same-LAN traffic.
• A modem serves a different communications function and is not the normal LAN frame-forwarding device.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
A department sends sensitive backup files from a workstation to a remote storage server across an untrusted network. Which practice best protects the confidentiality of the backup data while it is being transmitted?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Encryption protects the confidentiality of data transmitted across an untrusted communication path.
• A properly configured VPN or secure encrypted transfer protocol can prevent intercepted network traffic from revealing the backup plaintext.
• RAID configuration addresses storage organization or redundancy and does not itself secure data travelling across a network.
• A properly configured VPN or secure encrypted transfer protocol can prevent intercepted network traffic from revealing the backup plaintext.
• RAID configuration addresses storage organization or redundancy and does not itself secure data travelling across a network.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
-
Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: B. The time required to move the read/write head assembly to the required track సమాధానం: B.
-
Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: D. They use laser-based technology to read, and on writable media to record, information. సమాధానం: D.
-
Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: A. An SSD stores data in non-volatile semiconductor memory and has no mechanical read/write head or spinning platter. సమాధానం: A.
-
Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: C. It normally uses non-volatile flash memory and retains stored data without continuous power. సమాధానం: C.
-
Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: B. 4 TB సమాధానం: B.
-
Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: A. Approximately 12 TB is usable, and the array can tolerate failure of any two member drives. సమాధానం: A.
-
Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: D. RAID can improve availability or fault tolerance, but it is not a substitute for an independent backup strategy. సమాధానం: D.
-
Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: C. Disk Management సమాధానం: C.
-
Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: B. NTFS సమాధానం: B.
-
Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: A. It must uniquely identify each record and cannot contain a Null value. సమాధానం: A.
-
Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: C. To reference a key in another related table and help represent relationships between records సమాధానం: C.
-
Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: D. Second Normal Form సమాధానం: D.
-
Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: B. Isolation సమాధానం: B.
-
Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: C. It can accelerate suitable searches but consumes storage and can add maintenance overhead when indexed data changes. సమాధానం: C.
-
Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: A. 255 characters సమాధానం: A.
-
Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: D. Number with Field Size set to Long Integer సమాధానం: D.
-
Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: A. Update query సమాధానం: A.
-
Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: B. Form — user-friendly data entry and viewing; Report — formatted presentation, summarization and printing సమాధానం: B.
-
Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: D. Validation Rule సమాధానం: D.
-
Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: C. A Totals query grouping by District and calculating Sum of Amount సమాధానం: C.
-
Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: C. Attachment field సమాధానం: C.
-
Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: B. Network Attached Storage (NAS) సమాధానం: B.
-
Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: A. NAS commonly provides file-level shared storage, whereas a SAN commonly provides block-level storage resources to servers. సమాధానం: A.
-
Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: D. Ethernet switch సమాధానం: D.
-
Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: B. Use an appropriately encrypted communication channel, such as a secure VPN or suitable encrypted transfer protocol. సమాధానం: B.