Please keep at least one language enabled. || కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
During the fetch-execute cycle, which CPU register normally contains the address of the next instruction to be fetched?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The Program Counter holds the address of the next instruction to be fetched for execution.
• After an instruction is fetched, the Program Counter is normally updated to identify the next instruction, unless control flow changes it.
• The Instruction Register holds the currently fetched instruction rather than the address of the next one.
• After an instruction is fetched, the Program Counter is normally updated to identify the next instruction, unless control flow changes it.
• The Instruction Register holds the currently fetched instruction rather than the address of the next one.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
A desktop computer is being upgraded with a high-performance discrete graphics card. Which motherboard expansion interface is most commonly intended for such a card in a modern PC?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Modern discrete graphics cards commonly connect through a PCI Express x16 expansion slot.
• PCIe provides a high-bandwidth point-to-point interface suitable for graphics adapters and other high-performance expansion devices.
• DIMM slots are for system memory, while SATA connectors are primarily associated with storage devices.
• PCIe provides a high-bandwidth point-to-point interface suitable for graphics adapters and other high-performance expansion devices.
• DIMM slots are for system memory, while SATA connectors are primarily associated with storage devices.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
A processor cache has a 95% hit rate. Cache access takes 2 ns, and a cache miss adds an additional 40 ns before the requested data becomes available. What is the average memory access time under these assumptions?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Average access time = cache access time + miss rate × additional miss penalty.
• Miss rate = 1 - 0.95 = 0.05, so the additional average penalty is 0.05 × 40 ns = 2 ns.
• Therefore the average memory access time is 2 ns + 2 ns = 4 ns.
• Miss rate = 1 - 0.95 = 0.05, so the additional average penalty is 0.05 × 40 ns = 2 ns.
• Therefore the average memory access time is 2 ns + 2 ns = 4 ns.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
A storage controller must transfer a large block of data directly between the device and main memory without requiring the CPU to move every byte individually. Which mechanism is most appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• DMA allows an I/O controller to transfer blocks of data directly between an I/O device and main memory.
• The CPU normally initializes the transfer and is notified when appropriate rather than handling each transferred byte itself.
• This can reduce CPU overhead for large or frequent data transfers.
• The CPU normally initializes the transfer and is notified when appropriate rather than handling each transferred byte itself.
• This can reduce CPU overhead for large or frequent data transfers.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
Which storage level is normally closest to an individual processor core and has the lowest access latency among the following?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• L1 cache is normally the smallest and fastest cache level located closest to an individual CPU core.
• L2 and L3 caches generally provide progressively larger capacity at somewhat greater latency.
• DRAM and SSD storage are much farther down the memory hierarchy and have substantially higher access latency.
• L2 and L3 caches generally provide progressively larger capacity at somewhat greater latency.
• DRAM and SSD storage are much farther down the memory hierarchy and have substantially higher access latency.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
Which PC firmware component normally performs early hardware initialization and then starts the process of locating and launching an operating-system boot loader?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• BIOS or modern UEFI firmware executes before the operating system during system startup.
• It initializes essential hardware and participates in selecting or launching the operating-system boot process.
• Device Manager and Windows Explorer are operating-system components that become available later.
• It initializes essential hardware and participates in selecting or launching the operating-system boot process.
• Device Manager and Windows Explorer are operating-system components that become available later.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
Which statement best distinguishes an NVMe SSD from a traditional SATA SSD?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• NVMe is a storage protocol designed specifically for non-volatile memory devices operating over PCI Express.
• Its queue architecture supports substantial command parallelism and can exploit the performance of modern solid-state storage.
• SATA SSDs are also non-volatile, but they normally use the older SATA/AHCI interface path.
• Its queue architecture supports substantial command parallelism and can exploit the performance of modern solid-state storage.
• SATA SSDs are also non-volatile, but they normally use the older SATA/AHCI interface path.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
In DOS, which command option is used with DIR to pause the directory listing after each screenful of output?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• DIR /P displays a directory listing one screenful at a time and pauses before continuing.
• DIR /W uses a wide listing format, while DIR /S includes matching files from subdirectories.
• The /A option is associated with selecting files according to attributes.
• DIR /W uses a wide listing format, while DIR /S includes matching files from subdirectories.
• The /A option is associated with selecting files according to attributes.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
Which DOS command correctly renames REPORT1.TXT as REPORT2.TXT in the current directory without copying the file?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• REN, also known as RENAME, changes the name of an existing file or directory.
• REN REPORT1.TXT REPORT2.TXT changes the filename without creating a separate copy.
• COPY duplicates file contents, while TYPE and DIR perform different functions.
• REN REPORT1.TXT REPORT2.TXT changes the filename without creating a separate copy.
• COPY duplicates file contents, while TYPE and DIR perform different functions.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
In Windows File Explorer, what normally happens when a user selects a local file and presses Shift+Delete?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Shift+Delete performs deletion while bypassing the normal Recycle Bin step for ordinary local-file operations.
• Because the Recycle Bin is bypassed, restoring the file through the normal Recycle Bin interface is not available.
• This is therefore more consequential than an ordinary Delete operation that sends eligible files to the Recycle Bin.
• Because the Recycle Bin is bypassed, restoring the file through the normal Recycle Bin interface is not available.
• This is therefore more consequential than an ordinary Delete operation that sends eligible files to the Recycle Bin.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
Using the normal drag-and-drop behavior in Windows File Explorer, what generally happens when a file is dragged from one folder to another folder on the same drive, compared with dragging it to a folder on a different drive?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Within the same drive, ordinary drag-and-drop normally moves the selected file to the destination folder.
• When the destination is on another drive, ordinary drag-and-drop normally copies the file, leaving the original at the source.
• Modifier keys or explicit Cut/Copy operations can be used when the user wants behavior different from the default.
• When the destination is on another drive, ordinary drag-and-drop normally copies the file, leaving the original at the source.
• Modifier keys or explicit Cut/Copy operations can be used when the user wants behavior different from the default.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
In a relational database, Students and Courses have a many-to-many relationship: one student can enroll in many courses, and one course can contain many students. What is the standard relational design for representing this relationship?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A many-to-many relationship is normally resolved through an associative or junction table.
• The junction table contains foreign keys referring to the primary keys of the two participating tables.
• Each row then represents one association, such as one student's enrollment in one course.
• The junction table contains foreign keys referring to the primary keys of the two participating tables.
• Each row then represents one association, such as one student's enrollment in one course.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
Which SQL relational operation is primarily used when a query must combine related rows from two tables based on matching values in corresponding columns?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A JOIN combines rows from two or more tables according to a specified relationship or matching condition.
• It is commonly used to retrieve related information that has been normalized into separate tables.
• DROP removes database objects, TRUNCATE removes table rows, and COMMIT finalizes transaction changes.
• It is commonly used to retrieve related information that has been normalized into separate tables.
• DROP removes database objects, TRUNCATE removes table rows, and COMMIT finalizes transaction changes.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
A long Word document uses built-in Heading 1, Heading 2 and Heading 3 styles consistently. Which feature can automatically create a list of those headings together with their page numbers?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Word can build an automatic Table of Contents from headings formatted with recognized heading styles.
• The generated table can include heading text, hierarchy and corresponding page numbers.
• When document headings or pagination change, the Table of Contents can be updated rather than recreated manually.
• The generated table can include heading text, hierarchy and corresponding page numbers.
• When document headings or pagination change, the Table of Contents can be updated rather than recreated manually.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
A 40-page Word document is portrait-oriented, but page 21 alone must be landscape while the pages before and after it remain portrait. Which method is most appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Page orientation is a section-level formatting property in Word when different parts of one document require different orientations.
• Section breaks before and after page 21 isolate that page as a separate section.
• The middle section can then be set to landscape without changing the surrounding portrait sections.
• Section breaks before and after page 21 isolate that page as a separate section.
• The middle section can then be set to landscape without changing the surrounding portrait sections.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
In Excel, which formula counts rows in which the value in B2:B20 is at least 50 AND the corresponding cell in C2:C20 contains the text "Pass"?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• COUNTIFS counts rows that satisfy multiple criteria across corresponding ranges.
• The first criterion requires B to be at least 50, while the second requires C to equal Pass.
• COUNTIF handles a single criteria range, whereas COUNTIFS is specifically designed for multiple conditions.
• The first criterion requires B to be at least 50, while the second requires C to equal Pass.
• COUNTIF handles a single criteria range, whereas COUNTIFS is specifically designed for multiple conditions.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
An Excel result should display "Pass" only when BOTH B2 and C2 are at least 40; otherwise it should display "Fail". Which formula is correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• AND returns TRUE only when both specified logical conditions are TRUE.
• IF then returns Pass when AND(B2>=40,C2>=40) is TRUE and Fail otherwise.
• OR would incorrectly return Pass when only one of the two cells meets the threshold.
• IF then returns Pass when AND(B2>=40,C2>=40) is TRUE and Fail otherwise.
• OR would incorrectly return Pass when only one of the two cells meets the threshold.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
A PowerPoint slide contains several overlapping shapes, making one object difficult to select directly with the mouse. Which feature is specifically useful for selecting, reordering and temporarily hiding such objects?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The Selection Pane lists objects on the current slide and allows them to be selected even when they overlap visually.
• It also supports changing object stacking order and controlling object visibility during editing.
• Slide Sorter manages slides rather than individual objects within a slide.
• It also supports changing object stacking order and controlling object visibility during editing.
• Slide Sorter manages slides rather than individual objects within a slide.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
A PowerPoint author wants to insert selected slides from another existing presentation into the current presentation without manually recreating their contents. Which feature is designed for this purpose?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Reuse Slides allows slides from another presentation to be inserted into the current presentation.
• The author can choose individual slides rather than recreating their content manually.
• Formatting can be adapted to the destination presentation or retained according to the available insertion options.
• The author can choose individual slides rather than recreating their content manually.
• Formatting can be adapted to the destination presentation or retained according to the available insertion options.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
An Access database stores Incident records with fields District and Amount. A report needs one row per District showing the total Amount for that District. Which source design is most appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• An aggregate or totals query can group records by District and calculate Sum(Amount) for each group.
• The resulting query produces exactly the summarized data required by the report.
• Repeating totals in source records would introduce redundancy and make the data harder to maintain correctly.
• The resulting query produces exactly the summarized data required by the report.
• Repeating totals in source records would introduce redundancy and make the data harder to maintain correctly.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
In Microsoft Access, Customers.CustomerID is an AutoNumber primary key using the normal Long Integer AutoNumber setting. Orders.CustomerID must be a foreign key referencing it. Which field definition is appropriate for Orders.CustomerID?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A foreign key must use a compatible data type and field size with the referenced key.
• An Access AutoNumber primary key using its standard Long Integer setting is normally referenced by a Number field whose Field Size is Long Integer.
• Making the foreign key itself an independently generated AutoNumber would not preserve the customer identifier needed for the relationship.
• An Access AutoNumber primary key using its standard Long Integer setting is normally referenced by a Number field whose Field Size is Long Integer.
• Making the foreign key itself an independently generated AutoNumber would not preserve the customer identifier needed for the relationship.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
Which statement correctly distinguishes a partial mesh topology from a full mesh topology?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A full mesh provides a direct link between every possible pair of nodes.
• A partial mesh provides additional redundant interconnections among selected nodes without constructing every possible link.
• Partial mesh can therefore balance redundancy against the higher cost and complexity of a full mesh.
• A partial mesh provides additional redundant interconnections among selected nodes without constructing every possible link.
• Partial mesh can therefore balance redundancy against the higher cost and complexity of a full mesh.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
A firewall has an inbound rule that denies TCP packets destined for port 23 on an internal server. Assuming standard well-known service ports, which service is the rule intended to block?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Telnet conventionally uses TCP destination port 23 for server connections.
• A firewall rule denying inbound TCP traffic to destination port 23 therefore blocks ordinary inbound Telnet access to the protected server.
• HTTPS normally uses TCP 443, while SMTP commonly uses TCP 25 for server-to-server mail transfer.
• A firewall rule denying inbound TCP traffic to destination port 23 therefore blocks ordinary inbound Telnet access to the protected server.
• HTTPS normally uses TCP 443, while SMTP commonly uses TCP 25 for server-to-server mail transfer.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
Under a firewall policy described as 'default deny', how should traffic be treated when it does not match any rule that explicitly permits it?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Default-deny policy permits only traffic that has been expressly authorized by an applicable rule or policy exception.
• Traffic for which no permission exists is therefore blocked.
• This approach reduces unnecessary exposure compared with allowing unspecified traffic by default.
• Traffic for which no permission exists is therefore blocked.
• This approach reduces unnecessary exposure compared with allowing unspecified traffic by default.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
A campus network has one core switch connected to several building switches, and each building switch connects to multiple departmental switches and end devices. Which topology most closely describes this multi-level hierarchical arrangement?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Tree topology organizes network devices into multiple hierarchical levels and branches.
• The core-to-building-to-department structure forms a branching hierarchy rather than a single-level star.
• Ring, bus and full-mesh topologies have fundamentally different connection structures.
• The core-to-building-to-department structure forms a branching hierarchy rather than a single-level star.
• Ring, bus and full-mesh topologies have fundamentally different connection structures.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: D. Program Counter సమాధానం: D.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: B. PCI Express x16 slot సమాధానం: B.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: A. 4 ns సమాధానం: A.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: C. Direct Memory Access (DMA) సమాధానం: C.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: B. L1 cache సమాధానం: B.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: C. UEFI/BIOS firmware సమాధానం: C.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: D. NVMe is designed for non-volatile storage using PCI Express and generally permits greater parallelism and throughput than the SATA/AHCI path. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: A. DIR /P సమాధానం: A.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: A. REN REPORT1.TXT REPORT2.TXT సమాధానం: A.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: D. The file is deleted without first being placed in the Recycle Bin. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: B. It is normally moved on the same drive and copied when dragged to a different drive. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: C. Create an associative table such as Enrollments containing foreign keys that reference Students and Courses. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: B. JOIN సమాధానం: B.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: A. Automatic Table of Contents సమాధానం: A.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: D. Place page 21 in its own section using section breaks and set that section's orientation to landscape. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: C. =COUNTIFS(B2:B20,">=50",C2:C20,"Pass") సమాధానం: C.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: C. =IF(AND(B2>=40,C2>=40),"Pass","Fail") సమాధానం: C.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: B. Selection Pane సమాధానం: B.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: A. Reuse Slides సమాధానం: A.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: D. A totals query that groups by District and calculates Sum of Amount, used as the report's record source సమాధానం: D.
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Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: B. Number with Field Size set to Long Integer సమాధానం: B.
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Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: C. In partial mesh, selected nodes have multiple direct interconnections, but not every possible pair of nodes is directly connected. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: D. Telnet సమాధానం: D.
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Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: A. Block the traffic unless it has been explicitly authorized. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: B. Tree topology సమాధానం: B.