Please keep at least one language enabled. || కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
Which feature of the classic von Neumann architecture is directly associated with the so-called von Neumann bottleneck?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• In the classic von Neumann model, instructions and data share the same memory space and transfer path.
• The CPU must use that shared path to fetch both instructions and data, which can limit throughput when memory traffic becomes a constraint.
• A Harvard-style organization differs by providing separate instruction and data memories or paths.
• The CPU must use that shared path to fetch both instructions and data, which can limit throughput when memory traffic becomes a constraint.
• A Harvard-style organization differs by providing separate instruction and data memories or paths.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
A process is executing on the CPU and requests a disk read whose result is not yet available. What is the most appropriate immediate process-state transition in a conventional operating system model?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A process that requests I/O and cannot continue until the operation completes normally leaves the Running state and enters a Waiting or Blocked state.
• When the I/O completes, the process can become Ready and later be scheduled again.
• The Ready state means the process is able to run but is waiting for CPU time, not waiting for an unfinished I/O event.
• When the I/O completes, the process can become Ready and later be scheduled again.
• The Ready state means the process is able to run but is waiting for CPU time, not waiting for an unfinished I/O event.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
A Word document must begin an appendix on a new page, restart page numbering at 1, and use a header different from the preceding chapter. Which break is most appropriate before the appendix?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A section break creates a new document section whose page numbering, headers and footers can be configured independently.
• Choosing Next Page also begins that new section on a new page.
• A simple page break starts a new page but does not by itself create the section boundary needed for independent headers or numbering.
• Choosing Next Page also begins that new section on a new page.
• A simple page break starts a new page but does not by itself create the section boundary needed for independent headers or numbering.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
A firewall permits an internal workstation to initiate a TCP connection and later accepts only return packets that match the recorded state of that connection. Which firewall capability is being used?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Stateful inspection maintains information about active network connections.
• Return packets can be evaluated in the context of an already permitted connection instead of being treated only as unrelated individual packets.
• A basic stateless packet filter does not maintain equivalent per-connection state information.
• Return packets can be evaluated in the context of an already permitted connection instead of being treated only as unrelated individual packets.
• A basic stateless packet filter does not maintain equivalent per-connection state information.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
A workstation uses memory modules capable of detecting and correcting certain bit errors by storing additional check information. Which memory feature is being described?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• ECC stands for Error-Correcting Code and uses redundant check information to detect and correct specified memory errors.
• ECC is especially valuable in systems where silent memory corruption would be unacceptable.
• ECC is different from cache write policy or virtual memory, which address other memory-system functions.
• ECC is especially valuable in systems where silent memory corruption would be unacceptable.
• ECC is different from cache write policy or virtual memory, which address other memory-system functions.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
A Windows application has stopped responding, but the operating system itself is still responsive. Which built-in tool is the most appropriate first choice for ending only the frozen application?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Task Manager displays running applications and processes and can end a non-responsive task.
• Ending only the affected process is less disruptive than restarting the entire computer when Windows itself remains responsive.
• Disk Cleanup, Registry Editor and System Information are intended for different administrative purposes.
• Ending only the affected process is less disruptive than restarting the entire computer when Windows itself remains responsive.
• Disk Cleanup, Registry Editor and System Information are intended for different administrative purposes.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
In Excel, cell D2 contains the formula =$B2*C$1. The formula is copied one column to the right and one row down into E3. If B3 contains 4 and D1 contains 10, what value will E3 return?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• When the formula moves from D2 to E3, $B2 becomes $B3 because the column is absolute but the row is relative.
• C$1 becomes D$1 because the column is relative but the row is absolute.
• The copied formula is therefore =$B3*D$1 = 4*10 = 40.
• C$1 becomes D$1 because the column is relative but the row is absolute.
• The copied formula is therefore =$B3*D$1 = 4*10 = 40.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
Which statement best explains an advantage of interrupt-driven I/O over continuous polling of a peripheral?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• With interrupt-driven I/O, the processor need not continuously test the device status in a tight polling loop.
• The device or controller can generate an interrupt when it requires CPU attention or when an operation completes.
• This can use CPU time more efficiently than constant polling, although interrupts still require processing overhead.
• The device or controller can generate an interrupt when it requires CPU attention or when an operation completes.
• This can use CPU time more efficiently than constant polling, although interrupts still require processing overhead.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
In an Access database, an Orders table contains CustomerID as a foreign key referencing Customers.CustomerID. Which feature should be enforced to prevent an order from referring to a customer record that does not exist?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Referential integrity enforces consistency between related tables.
• It prevents a foreign-key value from referring to a nonexistent related key when the relationship is enforced.
• This protects relational consistency independently of how forms or reports display the data.
• It prevents a foreign-key value from referring to a nonexistent related key when the relationship is enforced.
• This protects relational consistency independently of how forms or reports display the data.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
A relation has a composite candidate key (StudentID, CourseID), but StudentName depends only on StudentID. Which normal-form requirement is violated by this partial dependency?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Second Normal Form requires non-prime attributes to be fully functionally dependent on the whole of every candidate key, not merely part of a composite candidate key.
• StudentName depending only on StudentID is a partial dependency on part of (StudentID, CourseID).
• Therefore the relation violates 2NF even before considering the additional requirements of higher normal forms.
• StudentName depending only on StudentID is a partial dependency on part of (StudentID, CourseID).
• Therefore the relation violates 2NF even before considering the additional requirements of higher normal forms.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
Which sequence correctly orders common storage locations from generally fastest access and closest to the CPU toward slower, larger-capacity storage?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• CPU registers normally provide the fastest directly accessible storage in the hierarchy.
• Cache lies below registers and above main memory, reducing average memory-access time for frequently used information.
• Secondary storage such as SSDs or hard disks provides much larger persistent capacity but is far slower than RAM.
• Cache lies below registers and above main memory, reducing average memory-access time for frequently used information.
• Secondary storage such as SSDs or hard disks provides much larger persistent capacity but is far slower than RAM.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
A PowerPoint presentation must use the same organization logo, theme fonts and common placeholder arrangement across many slides. Which feature is the best place to make a presentation-wide design change?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Slide Master controls presentation-wide design elements inherited by associated slide layouts.
• Common logos, fonts, backgrounds and placeholder arrangements can be managed centrally through the master and its layouts.
• Editing slides individually would be slower and could create inconsistent formatting.
• Common logos, fonts, backgrounds and placeholder arrangements can be managed centrally through the master and its layouts.
• Editing slides individually would be slower and could create inconsistent formatting.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
During execution, a process references a virtual-memory page that is valid for the process but is currently not resident in physical RAM. What event occurs?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A page fault occurs when a referenced virtual page is not currently resident in physical memory.
• The operating system must locate the page in its backing store or otherwise resolve the fault before execution can continue.
• A page fault is a virtual-memory event, not a boot or cache-policy operation.
• The operating system must locate the page in its backing store or otherwise resolve the fault before execution can continue.
• A page fault is a virtual-memory event, not a boot or cache-policy operation.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
A processor executes 6 billion instructions with an average CPI of 1.5 at a clock rate of 3 GHz. Ignoring other delays, approximately how long is the CPU execution time?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• CPU execution time = Instruction count × CPI ÷ Clock rate.
• Therefore, (6×10^9 × 1.5) ÷ (3×10^9) = 3 seconds.
• Clock rate alone is not sufficient to compare execution time unless instruction count and CPI are also considered.
• Therefore, (6×10^9 × 1.5) ÷ (3×10^9) = 3 seconds.
• Clock rate alone is not sufficient to compare execution time unless instruction count and CPI are also considered.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
A headquarters LAN and a branch LAN must communicate securely across the public Internet, and the organization also wants to restrict which traffic is allowed between the networks. Which combination best addresses both requirements?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A site-to-site VPN can provide protected communication between the two organizational networks across the Internet.
• Firewall rules can separately enforce which network traffic is permitted to cross the relevant boundaries.
• VPN and firewall functions are complementary rather than interchangeable.
• Firewall rules can separately enforce which network traffic is permitted to cross the relevant boundaries.
• VPN and firewall functions are complementary rather than interchangeable.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
The main document for a Word mail merge has already been created. Which sequence is the most appropriate for completing the merge?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The document must first be connected to or supplied with the intended recipient data source.
• Merge fields are then inserted where variable recipient data should appear, and Preview Results can be used to inspect the merged records.
• Finish & Merge is performed after the document and recipient data have been verified.
• Merge fields are then inserted where variable recipient data should appear, and Preview Results can be used to inspect the merged records.
• Finish & Merge is performed after the document and recipient data have been verified.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
Which statement about SRAM and DRAM is NOT correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The incorrect statement is that DRAM is generally faster and more expensive per bit than SRAM; in normal implementations SRAM is faster and more expensive per bit.
• DRAM stores data in cells that require periodic refresh, whereas SRAM does not require refresh while power is maintained.
• DRAM's greater density and lower cost per bit make it suitable for main memory, while SRAM is widely used for cache.
• DRAM stores data in cells that require periodic refresh, whereas SRAM does not require refresh while power is maintained.
• DRAM's greater density and lower cost per bit make it suitable for main memory, while SRAM is widely used for cache.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
A Windows computer is suspected of having corrupted protected system files. Which command is specifically intended to scan the integrity of protected Windows system files and repair them when possible?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The System File Checker command sfc /scannow scans protected Windows system files and attempts to replace corrupted copies when appropriate source files are available.
• chkdsk focuses on file-system and disk errors, while ipconfig manages IP configuration.
• Formatting a system drive is not an appropriate first-line repair action for suspected protected-system-file corruption.
• chkdsk focuses on file-system and disk errors, while ipconfig manages IP configuration.
• Formatting a system drive is not an appropriate first-line repair action for suspected protected-system-file corruption.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
In Excel, A1:A3 contain 2, 3, 4 and B1:B3 contain 5, 6, 7 respectively. What is the result of =SUMPRODUCT(A1:A3,B1:B3)?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• SUMPRODUCT multiplies corresponding array elements and then sums the products.
• The calculation is (2×5) + (3×6) + (4×7) = 10 + 18 + 28.
• The final result is 56.
• The calculation is (2×5) + (3×6) + (4×7) = 10 + 18 + 28.
• The final result is 56.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
In PowerPoint, an object should begin its animation automatically two seconds after the preceding animation finishes. Which timing configuration best matches this requirement?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• After Previous starts the object's animation automatically after the preceding animation event completes.
• Setting a two-second Delay introduces the required waiting interval before the animation begins.
• Slide transitions control movement between slides, whereas this requirement concerns an animation applied to an object.
• Setting a two-second Delay introduces the required waiting interval before the animation begins.
• Slide transitions control movement between slides, whereas this requirement concerns an animation applied to an object.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
Assertion (A): A DBMS transaction should not leave only part of its intended changes committed if the transaction fails before completion.
Reason (R): The atomicity property treats a transaction as an all-or-nothing unit, and recovery mechanisms can roll back incomplete transactional effects.
Choose the correct answer.
Reason (R): The atomicity property treats a transaction as an all-or-nothing unit, and recovery mechanisms can roll back incomplete transactional effects.
Choose the correct answer.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The Assertion is true because partial commitment of a failed transaction would violate atomic behavior.
• The Reason is true: atomicity requires the transaction to complete as a unit or have its incomplete effects undone.
• The Reason directly explains why a failed transaction should not leave only some of its intended changes committed.
• The Reason is true: atomicity requires the transaction to complete as a unit or have its incomplete effects undone.
• The Reason directly explains why a failed transaction should not leave only some of its intended changes committed.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
An Access report must show only Closed cases and display a total number of cases for each District. Which design is most appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A query can filter the source to Status = Closed and can perform grouping or aggregate calculations as required.
• The report can then use that query as its Record Source and focus on organized presentation and printing.
• Deleting unrelated records or manually storing derived totals would unnecessarily damage or duplicate source data.
• The report can then use that query as its Record Source and focus on organized presentation and printing.
• Deleting unrelated records or manually storing derived totals would unnecessarily damage or duplicate source data.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
An organization hosts a staff portal at a name that is resolvable only inside the organization, and access requires an employee account even though the portal uses standard HTTPS and web-browser technology. How should the portal environment be classified?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• An intranet is a private organizational information environment intended for an authorized user community.
• It can use standard Internet technologies such as TCP/IP, HTTPS, DNS and web browsers without becoming a public Internet service.
• Restricted naming and authenticated access are consistent with an internal intranet deployment.
• It can use standard Internet technologies such as TCP/IP, HTTPS, DNS and web browsers without becoming a public Internet service.
• Restricted naming and authenticated access are consistent with an internal intranet deployment.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
A USB keyboard fails in one USB port but works normally in another port on the same computer. A second known-good USB device also fails in the original port. What is the most likely area to investigate first?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Two known-good USB devices failing in the same port strongly points toward the shared port or its controller/configuration path rather than both peripherals failing independently.
• The keyboard working in another port provides evidence that the keyboard itself is functional.
• Troubleshooting should therefore focus first on the suspect USB port, its physical condition, power/state and relevant controller configuration.
• The keyboard working in another port provides evidence that the keyboard itself is functional.
• Troubleshooting should therefore focus first on the suspect USB port, its physical condition, power/state and relevant controller configuration.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
Match List I with List II:
List I
(a) Firewall
(b) Authentication
(c) Encryption
(d) VPN
List II
1. Verifies a claimed identity
2. Creates a protected virtual communication path over an existing network
3. Controls network traffic according to security policy
4. Transforms plaintext into ciphertext to protect confidentiality
Choose the correct matching code.
List I
(a) Firewall
(b) Authentication
(c) Encryption
(d) VPN
List II
1. Verifies a claimed identity
2. Creates a protected virtual communication path over an existing network
3. Controls network traffic according to security policy
4. Transforms plaintext into ciphertext to protect confidentiality
Choose the correct matching code.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Firewall corresponds to policy-based network-traffic control, giving (a)-3.
• Authentication verifies identity, giving (b)-1, while encryption converts plaintext into ciphertext for confidentiality, giving (c)-4.
• VPN provides the protected virtual communication path over an existing network, giving (d)-2.
• Authentication verifies identity, giving (b)-1, while encryption converts plaintext into ciphertext for confidentiality, giving (c)-4.
• VPN provides the protected virtual communication path over an existing network, giving (d)-2.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: C. Instructions and data share the same memory system and communication path between the CPU and memory. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: A. Running to Waiting/Blocked సమాధానం: A.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: D. Section Break (Next Page) సమాధానం: D.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: B. Stateful inspection సమాధానం: B.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: A. ECC memory సమాధానం: A.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: C. Task Manager సమాధానం: C.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: B. 40 సమాధానం: B.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: D. The CPU can perform other work and the peripheral can signal the CPU when service is required. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: A. Referential integrity సమాధానం: A.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: D. Second Normal Form (2NF) సమాధానం: D.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: C. Registers → Cache → RAM → Secondary storage సమాధానం: C.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: B. Slide Master సమాధానం: B.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: C. Page fault సమాధానం: C.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: A. 3 seconds సమాధానం: A.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: D. A site-to-site VPN for the protected tunnel together with firewall rules for traffic control సమాధానం: D.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: B. Select Recipients → Insert Merge Fields → Preview Results → Finish & Merge సమాధానం: B.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: A. DRAM is generally faster and more expensive per bit than SRAM. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: C. sfc /scannow సమాధానం: C.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: D. 56 సమాధానం: D.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: A. Start = After Previous, Delay = 2 seconds సమాధానం: A.
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Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: B. Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: C. Use a query to select Closed records and calculate/group the required data, then use that query as the report's record source. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: D. Intranet సమాధానం: D.
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Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: A. The original USB port or its associated controller/configuration path సమాధానం: A.
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Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: B. (a)-3, (b)-1, (c)-4, (d)-2 సమాధానం: B.