Please keep at least one language enabled. || కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
Which statement best distinguishes RAM from ROM in a typical computer system?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• RAM is normally used as temporary working memory for active programs and data and is generally volatile.
• ROM-family memories are non-volatile and are suitable for retaining information such as firmware without continuous power.
• Refresh is specifically associated with DRAM rather than ROM.
• ROM-family memories are non-volatile and are suitable for retaining information such as firmware without continuous power.
• Refresh is specifically associated with DRAM rather than ROM.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
A user is editing a document but has not yet saved the latest changes to an SSD. A sudden power failure occurs. Which component most directly loses the unsaved working data?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Unsaved working data is normally held in volatile main memory while an application is running.
• RAM loses its contents when normal electrical power is removed.
• Data already saved to an SSD remains because the SSD is non-volatile.
• RAM loses its contents when normal electrical power is removed.
• Data already saved to an SSD remains because the SSD is non-volatile.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
Which of the following is a characteristic of primary memory?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Primary memory refers to memory closely associated with processor operation and conventionally includes RAM and ROM.
• RAM supplies active programs and data, while ROM-family memory can retain firmware-related information.
• Hard disks and SSDs are classified as secondary storage rather than primary memory.
• RAM supplies active programs and data, while ROM-family memory can retain firmware-related information.
• Hard disks and SSDs are classified as secondary storage rather than primary memory.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
Consider the following statements:
1. RAM is generally volatile.
2. ROM is generally non-volatile.
3. RAM commonly permits both reading and writing during normal operation.
4. ROM-family memory is normally used as the computer's main temporary working area.
Which statements are correct?
1. RAM is generally volatile.
2. ROM is generally non-volatile.
3. RAM commonly permits both reading and writing during normal operation.
4. ROM-family memory is normally used as the computer's main temporary working area.
Which statements are correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statements 1 and 3 correctly describe conventional RAM as volatile read/write working memory.
• Statement 2 is correct because ROM-family memories retain information without power.
• Statement 4 is incorrect because main temporary working memory is RAM, not ROM.
• Statement 2 is correct because ROM-family memories retain information without power.
• Statement 4 is incorrect because main temporary working memory is RAM, not ROM.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
A memory device has an access time of 10 ns, while another has an access time of 60 ns. Considering only access time, which statement is correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Access time represents the delay associated with obtaining information from memory.
• A smaller access-time value indicates a faster response, so 10 ns is faster than 60 ns.
• Access time alone does not determine capacity or volatility.
• A smaller access-time value indicates a faster response, so 10 ns is faster than 60 ns.
• Access time alone does not determine capacity or volatility.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
Which type of primary memory is most appropriate for storing firmware information that must remain available after the computer is switched off?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Firmware must remain available when normal system power is removed so that it can participate in the next startup.
• Non-volatile ROM-family or flash-based memory is therefore appropriate.
• DRAM, registers and ordinary processor cache are volatile.
• Non-volatile ROM-family or flash-based memory is therefore appropriate.
• DRAM, registers and ordinary processor cache are volatile.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
Which of the following correctly describes the effect of increasing the installed RAM capacity of a computer, assuming the operating system and motherboard support it?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Greater RAM capacity allows more active programs and working data to reside in main memory simultaneously.
• This can reduce dependence on slower storage-based memory-management mechanisms when workloads require substantial memory.
• Increasing RAM does not change its volatility or eliminate the need for permanent storage.
• This can reduce dependence on slower storage-based memory-management mechanisms when workloads require substantial memory.
• Increasing RAM does not change its volatility or eliminate the need for permanent storage.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
A computer has 8 GB of RAM and 512 GB of SSD storage. Which statement is most appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• RAM and SSD storage serve different purposes despite both storing digital information.
• RAM is fast volatile working memory, whereas an SSD provides much larger non-volatile secondary-storage capacity.
• The large capacity of secondary storage does not make it a substitute for high-speed main memory.
• RAM is fast volatile working memory, whereas an SSD provides much larger non-volatile secondary-storage capacity.
• The large capacity of secondary storage does not make it a substitute for high-speed main memory.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
Match List I with List II:
List I
(a) RAM
(b) ROM
(c) Volatile memory
(d) Non-volatile memory
List II
1. Retains information without continuous power
2. Common temporary working memory
3. Loses stored information when required power is removed
4. Commonly used for fixed or firmware-related information
Choose the correct matching code.
List I
(a) RAM
(b) ROM
(c) Volatile memory
(d) Non-volatile memory
List II
1. Retains information without continuous power
2. Common temporary working memory
3. Loses stored information when required power is removed
4. Commonly used for fixed or firmware-related information
Choose the correct matching code.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• RAM is the normal temporary working memory, giving (a)-2.
• ROM-family memory is commonly associated with fixed or firmware-related information, giving (b)-4.
• Volatile memory loses data without power, while non-volatile memory retains it, giving (c)-3 and (d)-1.
• ROM-family memory is commonly associated with fixed or firmware-related information, giving (b)-4.
• Volatile memory loses data without power, while non-volatile memory retains it, giving (c)-3 and (d)-1.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
Using the binary convention in which 1 GB = 1024 MB, a computer containing 16 GB of RAM has how many megabytes of RAM?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Under the stated convention, 1 GB = 1024 MB.
• Therefore 16 GB = 16 × 1024 MB = 16,384 MB.
• The question explicitly specifies the binary conversion, so the value must be calculated using 1024 rather than 1000.
• Therefore 16 GB = 16 × 1024 MB = 16,384 MB.
• The question explicitly specifies the binary conversion, so the value must be calculated using 1024 rather than 1000.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
Which statement about the relationship between memory capacity and access time is most accurate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Capacity expresses the amount of data a memory can hold.
• Access time expresses the delay associated with accessing requested information.
• These are separate memory characteristics and one does not directly define the other.
• Access time expresses the delay associated with accessing requested information.
• These are separate memory characteristics and one does not directly define the other.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
Assertion (A): ROM-family memory is suitable for storing information required during the early startup of a computer.
Reason (R): ROM-family memory is non-volatile and can retain stored information when normal power is removed.
Choose the correct answer.
Reason (R): ROM-family memory is non-volatile and can retain stored information when normal power is removed.
Choose the correct answer.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Startup firmware must remain available before the operating system or ordinary working data has been loaded.
• Non-volatile memory retains the required firmware information while the computer is powered off.
• The Reason therefore correctly explains why ROM-family memory is appropriate for this purpose.
• Non-volatile memory retains the required firmware information while the computer is powered off.
• The Reason therefore correctly explains why ROM-family memory is appropriate for this purpose.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
A computer is upgraded from 4 GB RAM to 12 GB RAM. By how much has its main-memory capacity increased?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The increase is the new capacity minus the original capacity.
• 12 GB − 4 GB = 8 GB.
• The total installed capacity after the upgrade is 12 GB, but the increase itself is 8 GB.
• 12 GB − 4 GB = 8 GB.
• The total installed capacity after the upgrade is 12 GB, but the increase itself is 8 GB.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
Which of the following combinations is correctly matched?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• RAM provides temporary read/write working storage for active programs and data.
• ROM-family memory is non-volatile and is used for information that must survive power removal.
• The other combinations reverse or incorrectly describe these fundamental characteristics.
• ROM-family memory is non-volatile and is used for information that must survive power removal.
• The other combinations reverse or incorrectly describe these fundamental characteristics.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
Which memory characteristic is being compared when one memory device is described as requiring 15 ns to supply requested data and another requires 70 ns?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Nanosecond values describing the delay before requested data becomes available represent memory access time.
• A lower value generally corresponds to faster access.
• Capacity is expressed in units such as bytes, KB, MB or GB rather than nanoseconds.
• A lower value generally corresponds to faster access.
• Capacity is expressed in units such as bytes, KB, MB or GB rather than nanoseconds.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
A computer can detect all 8 GB of physically installed RAM during POST, but an application needs to retain its data permanently after shutdown. Which action is necessary?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Successful detection of RAM does not change its volatile nature.
• Information that must survive shutdown must be written to non-volatile storage such as an SSD or hard disk.
• CPU registers and cache are also temporary volatile storage.
• Information that must survive shutdown must be written to non-volatile storage such as an SSD or hard disk.
• CPU registers and cache are also temporary volatile storage.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
Consider the following statements:
1. Primary memory includes memory closely involved in CPU operation.
2. RAM commonly acts as read/write working memory.
3. ROM-family memory is generally non-volatile.
4. Greater RAM capacity necessarily makes each individual RAM access faster.
Which statements are correct?
1. Primary memory includes memory closely involved in CPU operation.
2. RAM commonly acts as read/write working memory.
3. ROM-family memory is generally non-volatile.
4. Greater RAM capacity necessarily makes each individual RAM access faster.
Which statements are correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statements 1, 2 and 3 correctly describe primary memory, RAM and ROM-family memory.
• Increasing capacity means more information can be held, but it does not by itself guarantee a reduction in the access time of each memory operation.
• Therefore Statement 4 is incorrect.
• Increasing capacity means more information can be held, but it does not by itself guarantee a reduction in the access time of each memory operation.
• Therefore Statement 4 is incorrect.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
Which sequence correctly arranges the following from generally lower access time to higher access time in a conventional system?
1. CPU registers
2. Cache
3. RAM
4. Secondary storage
1. CPU registers
2. Cache
3. RAM
4. Secondary storage
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Registers provide the lowest access time because they reside directly within the CPU.
• Cache is next, followed by main memory such as RAM.
• Secondary storage generally has the highest access time among the listed levels.
• Cache is next, followed by main memory such as RAM.
• Secondary storage generally has the highest access time among the listed levels.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
A motherboard supports a maximum RAM capacity of 32 GB and currently contains 2 × 8 GB modules. Assuming suitable free slots and supported modules are available, how much additional RAM can be installed without exceeding the stated maximum?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Two 8 GB modules provide 16 GB of currently installed RAM.
• The motherboard supports a maximum of 32 GB, so 32 GB − 16 GB = 16 GB remains available.
• The calculation assumes, as stated, that suitable slots and compatible modules are available.
• The motherboard supports a maximum of 32 GB, so 32 GB − 16 GB = 16 GB remains available.
• The calculation assumes, as stated, that suitable slots and compatible modules are available.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
Which statement provides the most accurate integrated description of primary memory in a computer?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Primary memory conventionally includes RAM and ROM-family memory, which perform different roles.
• RAM supplies temporary working storage for active processing, while ROM-family memory retains selected system information without power.
• Hard disks, SSDs and optical media belong to secondary storage.
• RAM supplies temporary working storage for active processing, while ROM-family memory retains selected system information without power.
• Hard disks, SSDs and optical media belong to secondary storage.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: B. RAM normally provides temporary read/write working storage, whereas ROM-family memory retains information without normal power. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: D. RAM సమాధానం: D.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: A. It includes memory directly involved in supplying instructions and data for processing, such as RAM and ROM. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: C. 1, 2 and 3 only సమాధానం: C.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: C. The 10 ns memory can generally respond to an access request faster. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: B. ROM or other suitable non-volatile firmware memory సమాధానం: B.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: D. It allows a larger amount of active program data to be held in main memory at the same time. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: A. The SSD provides much larger non-volatile capacity, while RAM provides faster temporary working storage. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: B. (a)-2, (b)-4, (c)-3, (d)-1 సమాధానం: B.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: A. 16,384 MB సమాధానం: A.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: C. Capacity measures how much information can be stored, while access time measures how quickly requested information can be obtained. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: D. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: D. 8 GB సమాధానం: D.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: C. RAM — temporary working memory; ROM — non-volatile storage for relatively fixed information సమాధానం: C.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: A. Access time సమాధానం: A.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: B. Save the required data to non-volatile storage. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: C. 1, 2 and 3 only సమాధానం: C.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: D. 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 సమాధానం: D.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: B. 16 GB సమాధానం: B.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: A. It includes RAM for temporary working storage and ROM-family memory for non-volatile information required by the system. సమాధానం: A.