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Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
In the nominal proportion 1:4 for ordinary cement-sand masonry mortar under the IS 2250 proportioning concept, what do the numbers principally represent?
Explanation:
The nominal masonry-mortar proportions in IS 2250 are given on a loose-volume basis. Thus, 1:4 represents one proportioning volume of cement to four corresponding loose volumes of sand. It is not automatically a mass ratio because cement and sand have different bulk densities. Nor does the second number represent water or finished mortar volume. Therefore Option A correctly interprets the proportion.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
Why should a fixed factor such as 1.30 or 1.33 not be treated as a universal dry-material-volume multiplier for every cement mortar calculation?
Explanation:
Loose dry constituents contain substantial inter-particle voids that are partly filled during mortar mixing. The relationship between loose constituent volume and finished mortar yield therefore depends on the particular materials and their packing characteristics. Sand grading, bulking, moisture condition and mixing can influence that relationship. A numerical problem may legitimately supply a measured or assumed conversion factor, but it should not be silently treated as a universal physical constant. Therefore Option A is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
A batch requires 0.70 m³ of combined loose dry cement and sand in the proportion 1:4 by volume. Ignoring subsequent volume change, what quantities of cement and sand are required?
Explanation:
A 1:4 mortar contains five total proportioning parts. The cement volume is therefore 0.70 divided by 5, which equals 0.14 m³. The sand occupies four parts, giving 4 multiplied by 0.14 = 0.56 m³. The two calculated volumes add back to the stated 0.70 m³ total. Therefore Option A is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
A construction batch requires 1.40 m³ of combined loose dry constituents for cement mortar 1:6 by volume. What are the required loose volumes of cement and sand?
Explanation:
A 1:6 cement-sand mortar contains seven total proportioning parts. One part therefore equals 1.40 divided by 7, or 0.20 m³. Cement occupies one part and sand occupies six parts. The sand quantity is consequently 6 multiplied by 0.20 = 1.20 m³. Hence Option A is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
For an estimating calculation, assume the loose bulk density of cement is 1440 kg/m³. If the calculated loose cement volume for a mortar batch is 0.150 m³, what is the corresponding cement mass?
Explanation:
Mass is calculated from bulk density multiplied by the corresponding loose bulk volume. The stated density is 1440 kg/m³ and the volume is 0.150 m³. Their product is 1440 multiplied by 0.150 = 216 kg. The validity of this conversion depends on using the bulk density supplied in the question rather than assuming an unstated universal value. Therefore Option C is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
The 216 kg of cement calculated in the previous type of estimate corresponds to how many 50 kg bags?
Explanation:
The equivalent number of 50 kg bags is obtained by dividing the cement mass by the mass per bag. Thus, 216 divided by 50 equals 4.32 bags. This is a useful estimating equivalent. In actual IS 2250 field proportioning, cement is normally proportioned by full bags, so the batch size should be adjusted appropriately rather than casually using a fractional bag. Therefore Option C is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
For a particular project, trials establish that 1.00 m³ of finished mortar requires 1.33 m³ of combined loose dry cement and sand. If the specified mortar is 1:4 by volume, what loose volumes of cement and sand are required per cubic metre of finished mortar?
Explanation:
The problem explicitly supplies a project-specific loose dry-material requirement of 1.33 m³. A 1:4 proportion has five total parts. Cement is therefore 1.33 divided by 5 = 0.266 m³. Sand is four times this value, giving 1.064 m³. Therefore Option A is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
For another mortar system, measured data indicate that 1.00 m³ of finished mortar requires 1.28 m³ of loose dry constituents. For cement mortar 1:6, what are the approximate loose quantities of cement and sand?
Explanation:
A 1:6 mortar contains seven total volume parts. Cement volume is therefore 1.28 divided by 7, which is approximately 0.1829 m³. Sand occupies six parts, giving approximately 1.0971 m³. Rounded suitably, the quantities are 0.183 m³ cement and 1.097 m³ sand. Hence Option B is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
Using the quantities 0.183 m³ cement and 1.097 m³ sand calculated for a mortar batch, a project requires a 5 percent material allowance for handling losses. What approximate quantities should be allowed?
Explanation:
A five percent allowance is applied by multiplying each calculated material quantity by 1.05. Cement therefore becomes approximately 0.183 multiplied by 1.05, or about 0.192 m³. Sand becomes approximately 1.097 multiplied by 1.05, or about 1.152 m³. The allowance changes the quantities ordered or provided but does not change the nominal 1:6 proportion. Therefore Option B is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
For the same total loose dry constituent volume, by approximately what percentage does the cement volume increase when the nominal mortar proportion is changed from 1:6 to 1:4?
Explanation:
In a 1:6 mix, cement occupies one-seventh of the total loose constituent volume. In a 1:4 mix, cement occupies one-fifth of the same total volume. The ratio of the two cement quantities is one-fifth divided by one-seventh, which equals 7/5 or 1.4. Thus, cement volume increases by 40 percent when the total dry volume is held constant. Therefore Option C is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
A mortar batch uses three 50 kg bags of cement. Assume the loose bulk density of cement for the calculation is 1440 kg/m³. If the mortar is proportioned 1:5 by loose volume, what loose volume of sand is required?
Explanation:
Three 50 kg bags contain 150 kg of cement. At the stated loose bulk density, the cement volume is 150 divided by 1440, or approximately 0.1042 m³. A 1:5 proportion requires five times this loose volume of sand. The sand volume is therefore approximately 0.521 m³. Hence Option C is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
A 1:6 cement mortar batch contains 0.72 m³ of loose dry sand. What loose cement volume and total loose constituent volume correspond to this quantity?
Explanation:
In a 1:6 mix, the sand quantity represents six equal proportioning parts. One part is therefore 0.72 divided by 6 = 0.12 m³. This one part is the required cement volume. Total loose constituent volume is 0.12 + 0.72 = 0.84 m³. Therefore Option B is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
A trial batch shows that 0.70 m³ of combined loose dry cement and sand produces 0.55 m³ of finished mortar. Assuming the same measured yield relationship applies, how much combined loose dry material is required for 1.00 m³ of finished mortar?
Explanation:
The measured yield ratio is 0.55 m³ finished mortar from 0.70 m³ loose dry material. To obtain 1.00 m³ of finished mortar, the dry material requirement is 0.70 divided by 0.55. This equals approximately 1.273 m³. The result is based on the stated trial yield and is not being presented as a universal mortar conversion factor. Therefore Option C is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
A wall area of 100 m² is to receive 12 mm thick cement plaster. Ignore openings and assume the finished mortar volume equals area × thickness. If the project specifies that loose dry materials equal 1.30 times the finished mortar volume and the mortar is 1:3, what quantities of loose cement and sand are required?
Explanation:
A thickness of 12 mm equals 0.012 m. The finished mortar volume is therefore 100 multiplied by 0.012 = 1.20 m³. The stated project factor gives a loose dry-material volume of 1.20 multiplied by 1.30 = 1.56 m³. A 1:3 mix has four total parts, giving 0.39 m³ cement and 1.17 m³ sand. Therefore Option B is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
A surface area of 50 m² requires 15 mm thick mortar. Assume no openings, a finished volume equal to area × thickness, a stated loose-dry-material factor of 1.28, and a 1:4 cement-sand proportion. What are the required loose volumes of cement and sand?
Explanation:
The finished mortar volume is 50 multiplied by 0.015 = 0.75 m³. The stated dry-material factor gives 0.75 multiplied by 1.28 = 0.96 m³ of loose dry constituents. A 1:4 mix contains five total parts. Cement is 0.96/5 = 0.192 m³ and sand is 0.768 m³. Hence Option B is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
A volumetric mortar calculation requires 0.60 m³ of dry-equivalent loose sand. Field testing shows that the damp sand has 20 percent bulking. What loose volume of the damp sand should be measured?
Explanation:
Twenty percent bulking means the damp sand occupies 1.20 times its corresponding unbulked loose volume. The required damp volume is therefore 0.60 multiplied by 1.20. This gives 0.72 m³. The correction is required because otherwise volumetric batching would provide less actual sand than intended. Therefore Option C is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
A mortar is intended to be proportioned 1:4 by loose volume. The cement measure is correct, but four gauge-box volumes of damp sand are used without correcting for 25 percent bulking. What is the approximate actual dry-equivalent cement:sand volume ratio?
Explanation:
At 25 percent bulking, 1.25 volumes of damp sand correspond to one unbulked loose volume. Four measured damp volumes therefore correspond to 4 divided by 1.25 = 3.2 dry-equivalent volumes. The actual mixture is consequently approximately one volume cement to 3.2 volumes sand. It is richer in cement relative to sand than the intended 1:4 mortar. Therefore Option A is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
Which statement correctly distinguishes a bulking correction from a surface-moisture correction when proportioning cement mortar?
Explanation:
Bulking is an apparent increase in the loose volume of damp fine aggregate caused by moisture-film effects. It therefore matters particularly when sand is measured volumetrically. Surface moisture is free water carried on the aggregate above its saturated surface-dry condition. That water contributes to the mortar mixing water and may require a water adjustment. Hence Option A correctly distinguishes the two corrections.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
A mortar batch contains 600 kg of oven-dry-equivalent sand. Its total moisture content is 4.0 percent of oven-dry mass, while absorption is 1.5 percent. Assuming the aggregate pores are saturated, how much free surface water is carried by the sand?
Explanation:
Water up to the 1.5 percent absorption level is held within the aggregate pores and is not free surface water. The moisture above SSD is 4.0 − 1.5 = 2.5 percent of oven-dry sand mass. Two and one-half percent of 600 kg equals 15 kg. This 15 kg contributes free water to the mortar batch and should be considered in the water adjustment. Therefore Option B is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
A mix requires 500 kg of fine aggregate in SSD condition. Available sand contains free surface moisture equal to 3 percent of its SSD mass. What wet sand mass should be batched, and how much should separately added water be reduced?
Explanation:
Three percent of 500 kg equals 15 kg of free surface water. The wet sand mass therefore consists of 500 kg SSD aggregate plus 15 kg surface water. The required wet batch mass is consequently 515 kg. Because the 15 kg of free water enters with the sand, separately added mixing water should be reduced by the same 15 kg. Therefore Option C is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
Two separate dry mortar batches are to be combined. Batch A contains 0.40 m³ of loose dry constituents proportioned 1:4, while Batch B contains 0.60 m³ proportioned 1:6. What are the approximate total loose volumes of cement and sand in the combined material?
Explanation:
For Batch A, cement is 0.40/5 = 0.08 m³ and sand is 0.32 m³. For Batch B, cement is 0.60/7 ≈ 0.0857 m³ and sand is approximately 0.5143 m³. Total cement is therefore approximately 0.1657 m³. Total sand is approximately 0.8343 m³, giving the rounded values in Option A. Therefore Option A is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
Why is it generally incorrect to assume that a 1:4 cement-sand mortar by loose volume is also a 1:4 cement-sand ratio by mass?
Explanation:
A volumetric ratio compares measured loose volumes of the constituent materials. Conversion of those volumes to mass requires the corresponding bulk density of each material. Cement and sand do not normally have identical loose bulk densities. Consequently four loose volumes of sand do not generally weigh four times one loose volume of cement. Therefore Option A is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
Assume loose bulk densities of cement and dry sand are 1440 kg/m³ and 1600 kg/m³ respectively. What mass ratio of cement:sand corresponds approximately to a nominal 1:4 loose-volume mortar?
Explanation:
Take one cubic metre of loose cement and four cubic metres of loose sand as the proportioning basis. The cement mass is 1 multiplied by 1440 = 1440 kg. The sand mass is 4 multiplied by 1600 = 6400 kg. Dividing both values by 1440 gives an approximate mass ratio of 1:4.44. Therefore Option C is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
Five full 50 kg bags of cement are to be used for a 1:6 cement-sand mortar. For this calculation assume the loose bulk density of cement is 1440 kg/m³. What loose sand volume is required?
Explanation:
Five bags contain 250 kg of cement. At the supplied loose bulk density, the cement volume is 250 divided by 1440, or approximately 0.1736 m³. A 1:6 volumetric proportion requires six times that loose volume of sand. Thus the sand quantity is approximately 1.0417 m³, which rounds to 1.042 m³. Therefore Option C is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
Consider the following statements about cement-mortar quantity calculations:
1. A nominal 1:6 mortar proportion under the IS 2250 guidance is interpreted on a loose-volume basis.
2. A dry-material-to-finished-mortar conversion factor should be stated or established rather than treated as a universal constant.
3. Bulking of damp sand can cause under-batching of actual sand if volumetric measurement is not corrected.
4. A 1:4 volume ratio can always be treated as a 1:4 mass ratio without knowing material bulk densities.
Which statements are correct?
1. A nominal 1:6 mortar proportion under the IS 2250 guidance is interpreted on a loose-volume basis.
2. A dry-material-to-finished-mortar conversion factor should be stated or established rather than treated as a universal constant.
3. Bulking of damp sand can cause under-batching of actual sand if volumetric measurement is not corrected.
4. A 1:4 volume ratio can always be treated as a 1:4 mass ratio without knowing material bulk densities.
Which statements are correct?
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct because IS 2250 presents nominal mortar proportions on a loose-volume basis. Statement 2 is correct because actual yield depends on material and packing conditions, so an unstated fixed multiplier should not be assumed. Statement 3 is correct because bulked damp sand occupies greater volume and can result in less actual sand being batched. Statement 4 is incorrect because conversion from volume to mass depends on the bulk densities of cement and sand. Therefore Statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct and Option B is the unique answer.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: A. One loose volume of cement to four loose volumes of sand సమాధానం: A.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: A. Actual mortar yield depends on materials, sand grading, moisture, packing and mixing, so any conversion factor should be stated, measured or specified for the calculation. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: A. 0.14 m³ cement and 0.56 m³ sand సమాధానం: A.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: A. 0.20 m³ cement and 1.20 m³ sand సమాధానం: A.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: C. 216 kg సమాధానం: C.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: C. 4.32 bags సమాధానం: C.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: A. 0.266 m³ cement and 1.064 m³ sand సమాధానం: A.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: B. 0.183 m³ cement and 1.097 m³ sand సమాధానం: B.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: B. 0.192 m³ cement and 1.152 m³ sand సమాధానం: B.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: C. 40 percent సమాధానం: C.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: C. 0.521 m³ సమాధానం: C.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: B. 0.12 m³ cement and 0.84 m³ total సమాధానం: B.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: C. 1.273 m³ సమాధానం: C.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: B. 0.39 m³ cement and 1.17 m³ sand సమాధానం: B.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: B. 0.192 m³ cement and 0.768 m³ sand సమాధానం: B.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: C. 0.72 m³ సమాధానం: C.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: A. 1:3.2 సమాధానం: A.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: A. Bulking affects the measured loose volume of damp sand, whereas free surface moisture affects the amount of water introduced with the sand. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: B. 15 kg సమాధానం: B.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: C. 515 kg sand and 15 kg less water సమాధానం: C.
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Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: A. 0.166 m³ cement and 0.834 m³ sand సమాధానం: A.
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Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: A. Cement and sand generally have different loose bulk densities, so equal volumes do not have equal masses. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: C. 1:4.44 సమాధానం: C.
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Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: C. 1.042 m³ సమాధానం: C.
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Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: B. 1, 2 and 3 only సమాధానం: B.
