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Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
Under the current IS 383:2016 terminology, which sieve principally separates the definitions of fine aggregate and coarse aggregate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
IS 383:2016 uses the 4.75 mm IS sieve as the principal boundary in defining fine and coarse aggregates. Fine aggregate consists predominantly of material passing this sieve, subject to the permitted amount of coarser material. Coarse aggregate consists predominantly of material retained on this sieve, subject to permitted finer material. The definitions therefore do not require every individual particle to lie strictly on only one side of 4.75 mm. Hence Option C is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
Which statement most accurately defines fine aggregate under IS 383:2016?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Fine aggregate is defined primarily by its relation to the 4.75 mm IS sieve. Most of the material must pass that sieve, although a limited amount of coarser material may be permitted by the grading requirements. Fine aggregate is not restricted to naturally deposited river sand. IS 383 recognizes natural sand, crushed sand, mixed sand and specified manufactured fine aggregates. Therefore Option B gives the correct definition.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
Which statement most accurately defines coarse aggregate under IS 383:2016?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Coarse aggregate is defined as aggregate most of which is retained on the 4.75 mm IS sieve. A limited quantity of finer material is permitted according to the applicable grading requirements. The category can include uncrushed, crushed, partially crushed and specified manufactured aggregate. It is therefore incorrect to restrict coarse aggregate either to particles larger than 40 mm or only to mechanically crushed stone. Hence Option A is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
What is meant by 'all-in-aggregate' in IS 383 terminology?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
All-in-aggregate is a combined material containing both fine and coarse aggregate fractions. It is therefore not synonymous with coarse aggregate alone. The term describes the size composition of the aggregate supply rather than requiring one particular geological source. IS 383 also provides grading requirements for all-in-aggregate. Consequently Option B correctly states its meaning.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
Which description correctly identifies natural sand under IS 383:2016?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Natural sand originates from natural disintegration of rock. The resulting particles may subsequently be deposited by streams or glacial action. It is also commonly referred to as uncrushed sand in this classification. Industrial slag and recycled-concrete fines belong to different source categories under IS 383. Therefore Option A is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
Which pair correctly distinguishes crushed stone sand from crushed gravel sand?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Crushed stone sand is fine aggregate produced by crushing hard stone. Crushed gravel sand is produced by crushing natural gravel. Both are crushed fine aggregates, but the original material from which they are produced differs. This source distinction is explicitly recognized in IS 383 terminology. Therefore Option A correctly differentiates the two.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
A fine aggregate is produced by blending natural sand with crushed stone sand in controlled proportions. How is it classified under IS 383 terminology?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Mixed sand is produced by blending natural sand with crushed stone sand or crushed gravel sand in suitable proportions. The term therefore describes the source combination of the fine aggregate. It should not be confused with all-in-aggregate, which contains both fine and coarse fractions. Nor is mixed sand a type of coarse aggregate. Hence Option A is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
Which statement correctly reflects the specific IS 383:2016 meaning of 'manufactured fine aggregate' or 'manufactured sand'?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
IS 383 uses the term manufactured fine aggregate for material manufactured from sources other than natural sources through suitable processing. Examples recognized within this framework include certain slag aggregates and recycled concrete aggregate. This is a narrower technical usage than some common market uses of the expression manufactured sand. Crushed stone sand produced from natural hard rock is separately identified under the crushed-sand category. Therefore Option B is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
Which classification correctly lists the principal source-related forms of coarse aggregate recognized in IS 383?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
IS 383 recognizes several source and processing categories for coarse aggregate. These include uncrushed gravel or stone resulting from natural disintegration and crushed gravel or stone produced by mechanical crushing. A blend of crushed and uncrushed material is termed partially crushed gravel or stone. The standard also recognizes coarse aggregates manufactured from sources other than natural rock sources. Therefore Option A gives the correct classification.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
A fine aggregate is obtained directly from a river deposit formed by natural disintegration and transportation of rock. Which classification is most appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The material described has resulted from natural disintegration of rock and subsequent river deposition. This corresponds directly to the IS 383 definition of natural sand. No mechanical crushing or industrial manufacturing process is involved in producing the particles. The fact that the aggregate may later be washed or screened does not change its basic geological-source classification. Therefore Option A is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
A crusher produces fine aggregate entirely by crushing sound natural granite. Under the specific terminology of IS 383:2016, what is the most accurate classification?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The starting material is natural hard stone and the fine aggregate is produced by crushing it. IS 383 specifically describes such material as crushed stone sand. The standard separately uses the term manufactured fine aggregate for material manufactured from sources other than natural sources. This distinction can differ from informal commercial usage of the term M-sand. Therefore Option A is the technically precise classification.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
For certain compliance tests on an all-in-aggregate, IS 383 requires the material to be separated into fine and coarse fractions. Which division is appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
All-in-aggregate contains both fine and coarse aggregate fractions. For relevant compliance testing, IS 383 provides for separation about the 4.75 mm IS sieve. The finer portion is then treated as fine aggregate and the coarser portion as coarse aggregate for the applicable tests. This reflects the same fundamental size boundary used in the definitions of fine and coarse aggregate. Hence Option A is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
Fine aggregate conforming to IS 383 may be classified into which grading zones?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
IS 383 classifies fine aggregate grading into Zones I, II, III and IV. These zones represent different particle-size distributions determined from percentage passing through specified sieves. The zones should not be confused with concrete strength grades or coarse-aggregate nominal sizes. Fine-aggregate grading influences surface area, water demand and concrete proportioning. Therefore Option A is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
Which statement best distinguishes single-sized coarse aggregate from graded coarse aggregate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The distinction between single-sized and graded aggregate relates to particle-size distribution. Single-sized aggregate has most particles concentrated around the specified nominal size range, although it is not literally composed of particles having one exact dimension. Graded aggregate intentionally contains a broader controlled range of sizes. Proper grading can influence void content, paste requirement and concrete workability. Therefore Option A correctly states the distinction.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
For mass concrete, IS 383 classifies coarse aggregate sizes as small, medium, large and very large. Which sequence correctly represents these size ranges from small to very large?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
IS 383 provides separate coarse-aggregate size classes for mass concrete. The small class extends from 20 mm to 4.75 mm. Medium aggregate covers 40 to 20 mm, large aggregate covers 80 to 40 mm, and very large aggregate covers 150 to 80 mm. These classifications recognize the use of much larger particles in suitable massive concrete work. Therefore Option A gives the correct ascending sequence.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
For otherwise comparable concrete mixtures at the same paste and water contents, rounded aggregate generally gives higher workability than angular aggregate primarily because:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Rounded particles move past one another with comparatively low inter-particle friction. They also generally present a more favourable surface-area-to-volume relationship than highly angular particles. Less paste is therefore consumed merely in coating and lubricating the aggregate surfaces for comparable conditions. Angular aggregate can certainly be used in concrete, but it often requires greater paste or water demand for the same workability. Hence Option A is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
What is an important engineering advantage and disadvantage of angular aggregate compared with smoothly rounded aggregate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Angular particles possess edges and rougher geometry that can improve interlocking within the concrete skeleton. Their surface characteristics may also contribute to improved mechanical bond with the cementitious matrix. However, greater angularity generally increases internal friction and reduces workability for a given paste content. More paste or appropriate mixture adjustment may therefore be necessary. Thus Option A correctly describes the principal trade-off.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
Which of the following is a particle-shape classification rather than a source classification?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Angular describes the geometric shape of an aggregate particle. Natural sand and crushed stone sand describe how or from what source the fine aggregate was produced. Recycled concrete aggregate also identifies the material source rather than the shape of individual particles. A source category can contain particles having different shapes depending on processing. Therefore Option A is the shape classification.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
According to the particle-shape test concept in IS 2386 (Part 1), an aggregate particle is classified as flaky when:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Flakiness concerns the least dimension or thickness of an aggregate particle. IS 2386 Part 1 uses a limiting thickness equal to 0.6 times the mean sieve size for the relevant size fraction. Particles passing the appropriate thickness gauge are treated as flaky for determination of flakiness index. The criterion relates to particle geometry rather than particle mass or fine-aggregate grading. Therefore Option A is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
According to IS 2386 (Part 1), an aggregate particle is considered elongated when:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Elongation classification is based on the greatest dimension or length of a particle. The limiting length used in IS 2386 Part 1 is 1.8 times the mean sieve size of the relevant fraction. A particle exceeding this length is classified as elongated for the elongation-index test. This is conceptually different from flakiness, which is based on insufficient thickness. Hence Option A is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
Why are the standard flakiness and elongation-index tests not normally applied to aggregate sizes smaller than 6.3 mm?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
IS 2386 Part 1 specifies the thickness- and length-gauge procedures for the relevant coarse aggregate size fractions. The flakiness and elongation procedures are not applied to sizes below 6.3 mm under those standard methods. This procedural limitation does not mean that smaller particles cannot be angular or irregular. It simply means the specified index tests and gauges are defined for larger fractions. Therefore Option A is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
An aggregate particle passes the 20 mm sieve and is retained on the 16 mm sieve. Its mean sieve size is therefore 18 mm. If its least dimension is 10.5 mm, how should it be classified for the flakiness criterion?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The mean sieve size is given as 18 mm. The limiting thickness for flakiness is 0.6 × 18, which equals 10.8 mm. The measured least dimension is 10.5 mm, which is below the 10.8 mm limiting value. The particle therefore satisfies the stated flakiness criterion. Hence Option A is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
A particle passes the 20 mm sieve and is retained on the 16 mm sieve, giving a mean sieve size of 18 mm. Its greatest dimension is 33 mm. How should it be classified for the elongation criterion?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The limiting greatest dimension is 1.8 times the mean sieve size. Multiplying 18 mm by 1.8 gives 32.4 mm. The actual greatest dimension is 33 mm, which exceeds this limiting value. The particle therefore meets the elongation criterion. Consequently Option A is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
Why are excessive quantities of flaky and elongated coarse aggregate generally undesirable in concrete?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Flaky and elongated particles have unfavourable geometry for efficient packing in a concrete mixture. Their shape increases interference between particles and can make fresh concrete harsh and difficult to compact. Such particles may also tend to orient preferentially and promote voids beneath or around them. Excessive quantities can therefore adversely affect both construction quality and mechanical performance. Hence Option A correctly explains why their proportion is controlled.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
Two coarse aggregates have similar strength, grading and cleanliness. Aggregate X is predominantly rounded river gravel, while Aggregate Y is predominantly angular crushed stone. For a concrete mix where workability at a fixed paste content is the immediate concern, which conclusion is most appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Rounded river gravel generally offers lower friction between particles during mixing and placing. This tends to improve workability at a given paste and water content compared with angular crushed aggregate. Angular aggregate can provide greater interlock and useful bond characteristics, but it may increase paste or water demand for equivalent workability. Neither shape is universally superior for every engineering requirement. Therefore Option A gives the appropriately qualified comparison.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: C. 4.75 mm IS sieve సమాధానం: C.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: B. Aggregate most of which passes the 4.75 mm IS sieve and which contains only the permitted amount of coarser material సమాధానం: B.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: A. Aggregate most of which is retained on the 4.75 mm IS sieve, with only the permitted amount of finer material సమాధానం: A.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: B. Material composed of both fine aggregate and coarse aggregate సమాధానం: B.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: A. Fine aggregate resulting from natural disintegration of rock and deposited by streams or glacial agencies సమాధానం: A.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: A. Crushed stone sand is produced from hard stone, while crushed gravel sand is produced by crushing natural gravel. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: A. Mixed sand సమాధానం: A.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: B. It refers to fine aggregate manufactured from sources other than natural sources by suitable processing. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: A. Uncrushed gravel or stone, crushed gravel or stone, partially crushed gravel or stone, and aggregate manufactured from other than natural sources సమాధానం: A.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: A. Natural sand సమాధానం: A.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: A. Crushed stone sand సమాధానం: A.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: A. Finer and coarser than the 4.75 mm IS sieve సమాధానం: A.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: A. Zones I, II, III and IV సమాధానం: A.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: A. Single-sized aggregate is concentrated predominantly around a specified nominal size range, whereas graded aggregate contains a controlled distribution over a wider range of sizes. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: A. 20–4.75 mm, 40–20 mm, 80–40 mm, 150–80 mm సమాధానం: A.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: A. Rounded particles usually create lower inter-particle friction and lower surface-area demand for lubrication. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: A. Angular particles can provide better mechanical interlock and bond, but they generally reduce workability and increase paste demand. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: A. Angular సమాధానం: A.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: A. Its least dimension is less than 0.6 times its mean sieve size. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: A. Its greatest dimension is greater than 1.8 times its mean sieve size. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: A. The IS 2386 (Part 1) shape-index procedures are specified for the relevant coarse aggregate fractions and exclude sizes below 6.3 mm. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: A. Flaky, because 10.5 mm is less than 0.6 × 18 mm. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: A. Elongated, because 33 mm is greater than 1.8 × 18 mm. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: A. They can reduce workability, hinder efficient packing and compaction, and create unfavourable particle orientation or voids. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: A. Aggregate X will generally provide better workability because of lower inter-particle friction, although Aggregate Y may provide greater interlock and may require mixture adjustment. సమాధానం: A.