International Events and Relations - Test 81 - Space Diplomacy and Outer-Space Governance

Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1

Which statement correctly describes the chronology and role of the Outer Space Treaty?

Outer Space Treaty chronology మరియు roleను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?

A It was adopted in 1979 and regulates only activities on the Moon ఇది 1979లో adopted అయి Moonపై activitiesను మాత్రమే regulate చేస్తుంది B It opened for signature on 27 January 1967, entered into force on 10 October 1967 and provides the foundational treaty framework for exploration and use of outer space ఇది 27 జనవరి 1967న signature కోసం open అయి, 10 అక్టోబర్ 1967న అమల్లోకి వచ్చింది; outer space exploration మరియు useకు foundational treaty frameworkను అందిస్తుంది C It entered into force in 1975 and created the International Telecommunication Union ఇది 1975లో అమల్లోకి వచ్చి International Telecommunication Unionను ఏర్పాటు చేసింది D It is a non-binding General Assembly declaration rather than a treaty ఇది treaty కాకుండా non-binding General Assembly declaration

Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2

Which statement most accurately reflects Article I of the Outer Space Treaty?

Outer Space Treaty Article Iను అత్యంత ఖచ్చితంగా ప్రతిబింబించే ప్రకటన ఏది?

A Only technologically advanced States have a legal right to explore celestial bodies Technologically advanced Statesకు మాత్రమే celestial bodiesను explore చేసే legal right ఉంటుంది B States may exclude other States from celestial bodies after establishing a scientific station Scientific station ఏర్పాటు చేసిన తర్వాత ఇతర Statesను celestial bodies నుంచి exclude చేయవచ్చు C Exploration and use of outer space shall be carried out for the benefit and in the interests of all countries; outer space is free for exploration and use by all States on a basis of equality, with free access to celestial bodies Outer space exploration మరియు use అన్ని countries benefit/interests కోసం జరగాలి; equality basisపై అన్ని Statesకు exploration/use freedom మరియు celestial bodiesకు free access ఉంటుంది D Outer space may be divided among States according to their launch capabilities States launch capabilities ఆధారంగా outer spaceను విభజించవచ్చు

Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3

What is the core rule contained in Article II of the Outer Space Treaty?

Outer Space Treaty Article IIలోని core rule ఏమిటి?

A Outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by sovereignty claim, use, occupation or any other means Outer space, Moon మరియు other celestial bodiesపై sovereignty claim, use, occupation లేదా any other means ద్వారా national appropriation చేయరాదు B A State acquires sovereignty over a celestial body after continuously occupying it Celestial bodyను continuously occupy చేస్తే State sovereignty acquire చేస్తుంది C Only the Moon is protected from national appropriation; asteroids may be claimed as territory Moonకు మాత్రమే national appropriation prohibition వర్తిస్తుంది; asteroidsను territoryగా claim చేయవచ్చు D National appropriation is permitted if approved by COPUOS COPUOS approve చేస్తే national appropriation permitted

Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4

Which statement correctly reflects Article IV of the Outer Space Treaty?

Outer Space Treaty Article IVను సరైన విధంగా ప్రతిబింబించే ప్రకటన ఏది?

A All military personnel and equipment are prohibited everywhere in outer space Outer spaceలో అన్ని military personnel మరియు equipment పూర్తిగా prohibited B Conventional weapons are expressly prohibited from every Earth orbit by the Treaty ప్రతి Earth orbitలో conventional weaponsను Treaty expressly prohibit చేస్తుంది C Military bases are permitted on the Moon if used only by one State ఒక State మాత్రమే ఉపయోగిస్తే Moonపై military bases permitted D States Parties shall not place nuclear weapons or other weapons of mass destruction in orbit or station them in outer space; the Moon and other celestial bodies shall be used exclusively for peaceful purposes, while military personnel may be used for scientific research or other peaceful purposes Nuclear weapons లేదా other weapons of mass destructionను orbitలో place చేయడం లేదా outer spaceలో station చేయడం prohibited; Moon మరియు other celestial bodies exclusively peaceful purposes కోసం ఉపయోగించాలి; అయితే scientific research లేదా other peaceful purposesకు military personnelను ఉపయోగించవచ్చు

Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5

Under Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty, what is the position regarding private or non-governmental space activities?

Outer Space Treaty Article VI ప్రకారం private లేదా non-governmental space activities విషయంలో position ఏమిటి?

A Private space activities fall completely outside international responsibility Private space activities international responsibilityకు పూర్తిగా బయట ఉంటాయి B States bear international responsibility for national activities in outer space whether conducted by governmental or non-governmental entities, and non-governmental activities require authorization and continuing supervision by the appropriate State Governmental లేదా non-governmental entities conduct చేసిన national outer-space activitiesకు States international responsibility వహిస్తాయి; non-governmental activitiesకు appropriate State authorization మరియు continuing supervision అవసరం C Only the United Nations may authorize private space missions Private space missionsను United Nations మాత్రమే authorize చేయగలదు D Private entities automatically become subjects equivalent to States under the Treaty Private entities Treaty కింద automatically Statesకు equivalent subjects అవుతాయి

Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6

Which statement correctly reflects the basic liability rule in Article VII of the Outer Space Treaty?

Outer Space Treaty Article VIIలోని basic liability ruleను సరైన విధంగా ప్రతిబింబించే ప్రకటన ఏది?

A Only private launch companies can ever incur liability for damage caused by space objects Space objects వల్ల damageకు private launch companies మాత్రమే liability కలిగి ఉంటాయి B A State has liability only if the object returns to its own territory Object తన own territoryకు return అయితే మాత్రమే Stateకు liability ఉంటుంది C A State Party that launches or procures the launching of a space object, or from whose territory or facility it is launched, is internationally liable for specified damage caused by that object or its component parts Space objectను launch చేసే లేదా launchingను procure చేసే State Party, లేదా whose territory/facility నుంచి launch జరుగుతుందో ఆ State Party, ఆ object లేదా component parts వల్ల కలిగే specified damageకు internationally liable అవుతుంది D Registration of a space object automatically eliminates the launching State's liability Space object registration launching State liabilityను automatically eliminate చేస్తుంది

Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7

Which statement correctly describes Article VIII of the Outer Space Treaty?

Outer Space Treaty Article VIIIను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?

A A State on whose registry a launched space object is carried retains jurisdiction and control over that object and its personnel while in outer space or on a celestial body, and ownership is not affected merely by its presence in space or return to Earth Launched space object ఏ State registryలో ఉంటుందో ఆ State, outer space లేదా celestial bodyపై object మరియు personnelపై jurisdiction/controlను retain చేస్తుంది; spaceలో presence లేదా Earthకు return వల్ల ownership మారదు B Launching a spacecraft automatically transfers ownership to the United Nations Spacecraft launch చేసిన వెంటనే ownership United Nationsకు transfer అవుతుంది C A State loses jurisdiction over a spacecraft as soon as it enters orbit Spacecraft orbitలోకి వెళ్లగానే State jurisdiction కోల్పోతుంది D Jurisdiction over a spacecraft always belongs to the State geographically beneath it Spacecraftపై jurisdiction ఎల్లప్పుడూ దాని కింద geographically ఉన్న Stateకే ఉంటుంది

Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8

Which obligation is associated with Article IX of the Outer Space Treaty?

Outer Space Treaty Article IXతో సంబంధం ఉన్న obligation ఏది?

A States must obtain unanimous COPUOS approval before every satellite launch ప్రతి satellite launchకు States unanimous COPUOS approval పొందాలి B States may ignore harmful interference if the activity occurs beyond Earth orbit Activity Earth orbit beyond జరిగితే harmful interferenceను States ignore చేయవచ్చు C All scientific missions must disclose proprietary technology to every State అన్ని scientific missions proprietary technologyను ప్రతి Stateకు disclose చేయాలి D States shall conduct activities with due regard for the interests of other States, avoid harmful contamination and undertake appropriate international consultations when planned activities may cause potentially harmful interference Other States interestsకు due regardతో activities conduct చేయాలి, harmful contaminationను avoid చేయాలి; planned activity potentially harmful interference కలిగిస్తుందని భావిస్తే appropriate international consultations undertake చేయాలి

Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9

What is the principal function of the 1968 Rescue Agreement?

1968 Rescue Agreement యొక్క principal function ఏమిటి?

A To establish ownership rights over lunar resources Lunar resourcesపై ownership rights establish చేయడం B To develop obligations concerning assistance and rescue of astronauts, prompt return of space personnel, and recovery and return of space objects or their component parts Astronauts assistance/rescue, space personnel prompt return మరియు space objects లేదా component parts recovery/returnకు సంబంధించిన obligationsను develop చేయడం C To allocate radio frequencies to satellites Satellitesకు radio frequencies allocate చేయడం D To establish compensation rules only for satellite collisions in orbit Orbitలో satellite collisionsకు మాత్రమే compensation rules establish చేయడం

Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10

Which statement correctly distinguishes the two principal liability standards under the 1972 Liability Convention?

1972 Liability Conventionలోని రెండు principal liability standardsను సరైన విధంగా వేరు చేసే ప్రకటన ఏది?

A All space-object damage is governed exclusively by strict criminal liability అన్ని space-object damage strict criminal liability ద్వారా మాత్రమే govern అవుతుంది B Damage on Earth is fault-based, while damage in outer space is always absolute Earthపై damage fault-based; outer space damage ఎల్లప్పుడూ absolute C A launching State is absolutely liable for damage caused by its space object on the surface of the Earth or to aircraft in flight, while damage elsewhere than on Earth's surface to another space object or persons/property aboard it is generally based on fault Space object వల్ల Earth surfaceపై లేదా aircraft in flightకు కలిగే damageకు launching State absolutely liable; Earth surface బయట another space object లేదా దానిలోని persons/propertyకు damage అయితే సాధారణంగా fault ఆధారంగా liability ఉంటుంది D The Convention applies only to damage caused by astronauts Convention astronauts వల్ల కలిగే damageకు మాత్రమే వర్తిస్తుంది

Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11

What is the central registration obligation under the 1975 Registration Convention?

1975 Registration Convention కింద central registration obligation ఏమిటి?

A A launching State shall maintain an appropriate registry for space objects launched into Earth orbit or beyond and furnish specified information to the UN Secretary-General for the United Nations Register Earth orbit లేదా beyond launch చేసిన space objects కోసం launching State appropriate registry maintain చేసి, specified informationను United Nations Register కోసం UN Secretary-Generalకు furnish చేయాలి B All satellites must be registered directly with the International Court of Justice అన్ని satellitesను directly International Court of Justiceలో register చేయాలి C Only crewed spacecraft need to be registered Crewed spacecraft మాత్రమే register చేయాలి D Registration transfers jurisdiction from the launching State to UNOOSA Registration వల్ల jurisdiction launching State నుంచి UNOOSAకు transfer అవుతుంది

Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12

Under the Liability Convention and Registration Convention, which description of a 'launching State' is correct?

Liability Convention మరియు Registration Convention ప్రకారం 'launching State'కు సరైన description ఏది?

A Only the State that manufactures the satellite Satelliteను manufacture చేసిన State మాత్రమే B Only the State whose nationals own the payload Payload own చేసే nationals ఉన్న State మాత్రమే C A State that launches or procures the launching of a space object, or a State from whose territory or facility a space object is launched Space objectను launch చేసే లేదా launchingను procure చేసే State, లేదా whose territory/facility నుంచి space object launch అవుతుందో ఆ State D Only the State whose astronaut is aboard the spacecraft Spacecraftలో astronaut ఉన్న State మాత్రమే

Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13

Which statement correctly describes the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS)?

United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS)ను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?

A It is an operational space agency that owns and launches UN satellites ఇది UN satellitesను own చేసి launch చేసే operational space agency B It is the judicial chamber that decides all disputes arising under the Outer Space Treaty Outer Space Treaty కింద అన్ని disputesను decide చేసే judicial chamber C It is part of the International Telecommunication Union and allocates satellite frequencies ఇది International Telecommunication Unionలో భాగం మరియు satellite frequencies allocate చేస్తుంది D It was established as a permanent UN committee in 1959 and carries out its work through the main Committee and two principal subcommittees—the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee and the Legal Subcommittee ఇది 1959లో permanent UN committeeగా established అయింది; main Committeeతో పాటు Scientific and Technical Subcommittee మరియు Legal Subcommittee అనే రెండు principal subcommittees ద్వారా పని చేస్తుంది

Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14

Which statement correctly describes the role of the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA)?

United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) roleను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?

A UNOOSA licences every commercial satellite operator worldwide Worldwide ప్రతి commercial satellite operatorకు UNOOSA licence ఇస్తుంది B UNOOSA serves the UN space-governance process, supports COPUOS and its subcommittees, assists with implementation of international space-law obligations and maintains the United Nations Register of Objects Launched into Outer Space on behalf of the Secretary-General UNOOSA UN space-governance processకు సేవలందిస్తూ COPUOS/subcommitteesకు support ఇస్తుంది, international space-law obligations implementationలో assistance ఇస్తుంది మరియు Secretary-General తరఫున United Nations Register of Objects Launched into Outer Spaceను maintain చేస్తుంది C UNOOSA allocates all radio frequencies and orbital positions అన్ని radio frequencies మరియు orbital positionsను UNOOSA allocate చేస్తుంది D UNOOSA is a multinational launch company UNOOSA multinational launch company

Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15

Which statement correctly distinguishes UN space-law principles and sustainability guidelines from treaties?

UN space-law principles మరియు sustainability guidelinesను treaties నుంచి సరైన విధంగా వేరు చేసే ప్రకటన ఏది?

A General Assembly principles such as the 1986 Remote Sensing Principles and COPUOS instruments such as the Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines and 2019 Long-term Sustainability Guidelines are non-treaty instruments; they should not be treated as equivalent to legally binding treaty obligations simply because they were adopted or endorsed within the UN system 1986 Remote Sensing Principles వంటి General Assembly principles మరియు Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines, 2019 Long-term Sustainability Guidelines వంటి COPUOS instruments non-treaty instruments; UN systemలో adopt/endorse అయ్యాయని మాత్రమే legally binding treaty obligationsకు equivalentగా చూడకూడదు B Every COPUOS guideline automatically becomes a treaty after General Assembly endorsement General Assembly endorsement తర్వాత ప్రతి COPUOS guideline automatically treaty అవుతుంది C Remote Sensing Principles are an amendment to the Outer Space Treaty Remote Sensing Principles Outer Space Treaty amendment D Long-term Sustainability Guidelines are enforceable judgments of the International Court of Justice Long-term Sustainability Guidelines International Court of Justice enforceable judgments

Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16

Which statement correctly describes the International Telecommunication Union's role in space activities?

Space activitiesలో International Telecommunication Union roleను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?

A ITU determines liability for damage caused by falling space objects Falling space objects వల్ల damage liabilityను ITU determine చేస్తుంది B ITU operates the United Nations Register of space objects United Nations Register of space objectsను ITU operate చేస్తుంది C ITU authorizes private space activities under Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty Outer Space Treaty Article VI కింద private space activitiesను ITU authorize చేస్తుంది D Through its Radio Regulations and Radiocommunication Sector, ITU manages international regulatory and technical procedures for radio-frequency spectrum and associated satellite-orbit resources, including coordination and registration aimed at avoiding harmful radio interference Radio Regulations మరియు Radiocommunication Sector ద్వారా radio-frequency spectrum మరియు associated satellite-orbit resourcesకు international regulatory/technical proceduresను ITU manage చేస్తుంది; harmful radio interferenceను avoid చేయడానికి coordination మరియు registration ఇందులో ఉన్నాయి

Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17

Which statement correctly describes India's status under the five principal United Nations space treaties?

Five principal United Nations space treaties కింద India's statusను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?

A India is party only to the Outer Space Treaty and has taken no action on the other four India Outer Space Treatyకు మాత్రమే party; ఇతర నాలుగు treatiesపై ఎలాంటి action తీసుకోలేదు B India has ratified the Moon Agreement but remains outside the Registration Convention India Moon Agreementను ratify చేసింది కానీ Registration Convention బయట ఉంది C India signed and ratified the Outer Space Treaty; acceded to the Rescue Agreement, Liability Convention and Registration Convention; and signed but has not ratified the Moon Agreement India Outer Space Treatyపై sign చేసి ratify చేసింది; Rescue Agreement, Liability Convention మరియు Registration Conventionకు accede అయింది; Moon Agreementపై sign చేసింది కానీ ratify చేయలేదు D India has not joined any United Nations space treaty India ఏ United Nations space treatyలోనూ చేరలేదు

Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18

Which statement correctly describes India's participation in the Artemis Accords?

Artemis Accordsలో India's participationను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?

A India became the 27th signatory on 21 June 2023; the Accords are a political commitment to principles, guidelines and best practices for peaceful civil space exploration rather than a new multilateral treaty replacing the Outer Space Treaty India 21 జూన్ 2023న 27వ signatory అయింది; Accords Outer Space Treatyను replace చేసే కొత్త multilateral treaty కాకుండా peaceful civil space explorationకు principles, guidelines మరియు best practicesపై political commitment B India ratified the Artemis Accords as a UN treaty in 1982 India 1982లో Artemis Accordsను UN treatyగా ratify చేసింది C India is not an Artemis Accords signatory India Artemis Accords signatory కాదు D The Artemis Accords transferred India's space-regulatory authority to NASA Artemis Accords India's space-regulatory authorityను NASAకు transfer చేశాయి

Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19

Which statement correctly distinguishes the legal character of the Artemis Accords from the Outer Space Treaty?

Artemis Accords legal characterను Outer Space Treaty నుంచి సరైన విధంగా వేరు చేసే ప్రకటన ఏది?

A Both are identical United Nations treaties with the same parties రెండూ same parties ఉన్న identical United Nations treaties B The Outer Space Treaty is only a voluntary political statement, while the Artemis Accords are a universally binding treaty Outer Space Treaty voluntary political statement మాత్రమే; Artemis Accords universally binding treaty C Neither instrument refers to peaceful purposes or international cooperation రెండు instrumentsలో peaceful purposes లేదా international cooperation గురించి లేదు D The Outer Space Treaty is a binding multilateral treaty for its parties, whereas the Artemis Accords are a political commitment setting out cooperative principles such as peaceful purposes, transparency, interoperability, emergency assistance, registration, scientific-data sharing, deconfliction and orbital-debris mitigation Outer Space Treaty తన partiesకు binding multilateral treaty; Artemis Accords peaceful purposes, transparency, interoperability, emergency assistance, registration, scientific-data sharing, deconfliction మరియు orbital-debris mitigation వంటి cooperative principlesను set చేసే political commitment

Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20

Which matching of major Indian international space partnerships is correct?

Major Indian international space partnershipsకు సరైన matching ఏది?

A NISAR — ESA; TRISHNA — Roscosmos; LUPEX — NASA B NISAR — CNES; TRISHNA — JAXA; LUPEX — ESA C NISAR — NASA; TRISHNA — France's CNES; LUPEX — Japan's JAXA NISAR — NASA; TRISHNA — France CNES; LUPEX — Japan JAXA D NISAR — ITU; TRISHNA — UNOOSA; LUPEX — COPUOS

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