Please keep at least one language enabled. || కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
Which statement most accurately compares RAM and ROM in a computer system?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• RAM normally acts as volatile working memory used by active programs and the operating system.
• ROM and related non-volatile firmware storage retain information when power is removed.
• The two memory categories therefore differ importantly in volatility, purpose and typical usage.
• ROM and related non-volatile firmware storage retain information when power is removed.
• The two memory categories therefore differ importantly in volatility, purpose and typical usage.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
Which comparison between SRAM and DRAM is correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• SRAM stores bits using bistable circuitry and does not require periodic refresh while power is maintained.
• DRAM stores information using charge-based cells that require periodic refresh.
• SRAM's greater speed suits cache memory, while DRAM's greater density and lower cost per bit suit main memory.
• DRAM stores information using charge-based cells that require periodic refresh.
• SRAM's greater speed suits cache memory, while DRAM's greater density and lower cost per bit suit main memory.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
Which statement correctly compares a typical modern SSD with a traditional HDD when performing random data access?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• HDDs rely on rotating magnetic platters and mechanically positioned read/write heads.
• SSDs normally use non-volatile semiconductor flash storage with no mechanical seek operation.
• The absence of seek and rotational delays generally gives SSDs substantially lower random-access latency.
• SSDs normally use non-volatile semiconductor flash storage with no mechanical seek operation.
• The absence of seek and rotational delays generally gives SSDs substantially lower random-access latency.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
Two identical 4 TB drives are available. Which comparison between conventional RAID 0 and RAID 1 is correct, ignoring formatting and metadata overhead?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• RAID 0 stripes data across both drives, making approximately the full 8 TB raw capacity usable but providing no redundancy.
• RAID 1 mirrors the contents of one 4 TB drive onto the other, leaving approximately 4 TB of unique usable data.
• RAID 0 prioritizes capacity and performance, while RAID 1 provides redundancy through duplication.
• RAID 1 mirrors the contents of one 4 TB drive onto the other, leaving approximately 4 TB of unique usable data.
• RAID 0 prioritizes capacity and performance, while RAID 1 provides redundancy through duplication.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
Six identical 2 TB drives are available. Which comparison between conventional RAID 5 and RAID 6 is correct, ignoring formatting and metadata overhead?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Conventional RAID 5 usable capacity is approximately (N-1) drives, so five of the six 2 TB drives contribute usable capacity: 10 TB.
• RAID 6 uses the equivalent capacity of two drives for dual parity, giving approximately (6-2)×2 TB = 8 TB.
• RAID 5 normally tolerates one member-drive failure, while RAID 6 can tolerate two.
• RAID 6 uses the equivalent capacity of two drives for dual parity, giving approximately (6-2)×2 TB = 8 TB.
• RAID 5 normally tolerates one member-drive failure, while RAID 6 can tolerate two.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
Which statement correctly distinguishes system software from application software?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• System software provides the environment and core services required to operate and manage computer hardware and resources.
• Operating systems perform functions such as memory management, process management, device control and file management.
• Applications such as Word and Excel use those services to perform specific user-oriented tasks.
• Operating systems perform functions such as memory management, process management, device control and file management.
• Applications such as Word and Excel use those services to perform specific user-oriented tasks.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
Which statement correctly compares RAM with secondary storage such as an SSD?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• RAM holds active code and data needed rapidly by the processor but normally loses its contents when power is removed.
• SSD storage retains files and programs without continuous electrical power.
• RAM is generally much faster, while SSDs typically provide much greater persistent capacity.
• SSD storage retains files and programs without continuous electrical power.
• RAM is generally much faster, while SSDs typically provide much greater persistent capacity.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
Which statement most accurately compares a general DBMS with an RDBMS?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• DBMS is the broad category of software used to define, store, retrieve and manage databases.
• An RDBMS implements the relational model, representing data through relations commonly presented as tables.
• Therefore every RDBMS is a DBMS, but the DBMS category is not limited to relational implementations.
• An RDBMS implements the relational model, representing data through relations commonly presented as tables.
• Therefore every RDBMS is a DBMS, but the DBMS category is not limited to relational implementations.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
Which feature is especially characteristic of an RDBMS when related tables such as Customers and Orders must remain logically consistent?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The relational model uses keys to identify records and connect related data across tables.
• A foreign key can reference a key in another table, while referential integrity helps prevent invalid relationships.
• This allows related data to remain separated while preserving logical consistency.
• A foreign key can reference a key in another table, while referential integrity helps prevent invalid relationships.
• This allows related data to remain separated while preserving logical consistency.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
A user must prepare a 40-page official report containing paragraphs, headings, footnotes, page numbering and a table of contents. Which application is generally more appropriate than Excel for the primary document?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Word is designed for creating and formatting text-oriented documents with page-layout features.
• It supports headings, footnotes, page numbering, sections and automatic tables of contents.
• Excel is optimized primarily for spreadsheet calculations and tabular analysis rather than long-form paginated reports.
• It supports headings, footnotes, page numbering, sections and automatic tables of contents.
• Excel is optimized primarily for spreadsheet calculations and tabular analysis rather than long-form paginated reports.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
Which statement most accurately compares Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Access?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Excel is optimized for spreadsheet calculations, numerical analysis, modelling and charting.
• Access is a relational database application intended for managing structured data and relationships across multiple tables.
• Both can store and analyze data, but their design strengths and data-management models differ.
• Access is a relational database application intended for managing structured data and relationships across multiple tables.
• Both can store and analyze data, but their design strengths and data-management models differ.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
A police database must maintain Cases, Suspects and EvidenceItems in separate related tables and prevent an EvidenceItem from referencing a nonexistent Case. Which application is generally better suited to this requirement?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The scenario requires structured relational data across multiple related entities.
• Access supports primary keys, foreign-key relationships and referential-integrity enforcement.
• These facilities are better suited to relational record management than formatting mechanisms in Word, Excel or PowerPoint.
• Access supports primary keys, foreign-key relationships and referential-integrity enforcement.
• These facilities are better suited to relational record management than formatting mechanisms in Word, Excel or PowerPoint.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
An office maintains recipient names and addresses in an Excel worksheet and must generate hundreds of personalized letters. Which combined use of Word and Excel is most appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Word Mail Merge can combine a common document with a structured recipient data source.
• Excel worksheets can serve as recipient lists containing fields such as names, addresses and reference numbers.
• This uses the strengths of both applications without manually recreating each personalized document.
• Excel worksheets can serve as recipient lists containing fields such as names, addresses and reference numbers.
• This uses the strengths of both applications without manually recreating each personalized document.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
A financial analyst has one mostly flat table of monthly figures and needs extensive formulas, what-if calculations, PivotTables and charts. Which application is generally the better primary choice?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Excel is optimized for numerical calculations, formulas, PivotTables, what-if analysis and charts.
• A flat numerical dataset that requires extensive analysis is a typical spreadsheet use case.
• Access becomes particularly useful when the main requirement is structured management of related tables and database operations.
• A flat numerical dataset that requires extensive analysis is a typical spreadsheet use case.
• Access becomes particularly useful when the main requirement is structured management of related tables and database operations.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
A department needs to maintain related tables for Employees, Units and TrainingRecords, provide controlled data-entry forms and repeatedly generate filtered reports. Which application is the more appropriate primary data-management tool?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Access supports related tables, queries, forms and reports within a relational database environment.
• Forms can provide controlled interfaces for data entry, while queries retrieve or summarize selected records.
• Reports can then present database information in a structured printable format.
• Forms can provide controlled interfaces for data entry, while queries retrieve or summarize selected records.
• Reports can then present database information in a structured printable format.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
Which ordering correctly represents the typical geographical scope of LAN, MAN and WAN from smaller to larger coverage?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A LAN normally covers a limited local area such as a room, building or campus environment.
• A MAN commonly spans a metropolitan or city-scale area.
• A WAN connects networks across much larger geographical regions such as multiple cities, states or countries.
• A MAN commonly spans a metropolitan or city-scale area.
• A WAN connects networks across much larger geographical regions such as multiple cities, states or countries.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
A city administration interconnects municipal offices throughout Hyderabad, while a national organization connects branch networks in Hyderabad, Chennai, Delhi and Kolkata. Which classification is most appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A network spanning multiple locations within one metropolitan region fits the typical MAN scope.
• Interconnecting branch networks across geographically distant cities fits the WAN category.
• Network type is classified mainly by coverage and connectivity scope, not simply by the use of Ethernet.
• Interconnecting branch networks across geographically distant cities fits the WAN category.
• Network type is classified mainly by coverage and connectivity scope, not simply by the use of Ethernet.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
Which statement correctly compares the Internet and an organizational intranet?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The Internet provides global interconnection among independently operated networks.
• An intranet is designed primarily for a restricted organizational user community.
• An intranet may use Internet technologies and even have controlled Internet connectivity while its internal resources remain private.
• An intranet is designed primarily for a restricted organizational user community.
• An intranet may use Internet technologies and even have controlled Internet connectivity while its internal resources remain private.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
Which statement best explains the relationship between a firewall and packet filtering?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Packet filtering makes access-control decisions using information such as addresses, protocols and ports in packet headers.
• It is a basic firewall technique and is often described as stateless inspection when no connection state is maintained.
• More advanced firewalls can add state tracking, application-level inspection and other capabilities.
• It is a basic firewall technique and is often described as stateless inspection when no connection state is maintained.
• More advanced firewalls can add state tracking, application-level inspection and other capabilities.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
Which statement correctly compares a basic stateless packet filter with a stateful firewall?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Stateless packet filtering evaluates individual packets according to configured rules without maintaining connection state.
• Stateful inspection records information about active communications and can use that context when evaluating later packets.
• Both may still use header fields such as addresses, protocols and ports as part of their decisions.
• Stateful inspection records information about active communications and can use that context when evaluating later packets.
• Both may still use header fields such as addresses, protocols and ports as part of their decisions.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
Which statement correctly distinguishes authentication from encryption?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Authentication establishes confidence that an entity is the identity it claims to be.
• Encryption transforms plaintext into ciphertext so that unauthorized parties cannot readily understand the protected information.
• The controls address different security objectives and are often used together.
• Encryption transforms plaintext into ciphertext so that unauthorized parties cannot readily understand the protected information.
• The controls address different security objectives and are often used together.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
A user enters a password to sign in to a laptop, and the laptop's confidential storage is protected by full-disk encryption. Which mapping is correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The sign-in process uses authentication mechanisms to determine whether the claimant can access the account.
• Full-disk encryption cryptographically protects stored data so that it is not intelligible without the required decryption capability.
• Identity verification and data confidentiality are therefore separate but complementary objectives.
• Full-disk encryption cryptographically protects stored data so that it is not intelligible without the required decryption capability.
• Identity verification and data confidentiality are therefore separate but complementary objectives.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
Which statement correctly compares a firewall with encryption?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Firewalls permit or deny network communications according to configured security rules and policy.
• Encryption changes plaintext into ciphertext to protect information from unauthorized disclosure.
• Organizations commonly combine both mechanisms because they address different parts of the security problem.
• Encryption changes plaintext into ciphertext to protect information from unauthorized disclosure.
• Organizations commonly combine both mechanisms because they address different parts of the security problem.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
Assertion (A): Successfully authenticating a user does not by itself make data sent over an untrusted network confidential.
Reason (R): Authentication establishes identity confidence, while confidentiality of transmitted data requires an appropriate protection mechanism such as encryption.
Choose the correct answer.
Reason (R): Authentication establishes identity confidence, while confidentiality of transmitted data requires an appropriate protection mechanism such as encryption.
Choose the correct answer.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Authentication and confidentiality are separate security objectives.
• Knowing who the communicating party is does not automatically prevent an interceptor from reading unprotected network data.
• Both statements are true, and the Reason correctly explains why authentication alone does not provide confidentiality.
• Knowing who the communicating party is does not automatically prevent an interceptor from reading unprotected network data.
• Both statements are true, and the Reason correctly explains why authentication alone does not provide confidentiality.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
Match List I with List II:
List I
(a) SRAM
(b) RAID 1
(c) RDBMS
(d) Intranet
List II
1. Relational database-management system using relations, keys and relationships
2. High-speed memory commonly used for processor cache
3. Private organizational network or information environment
4. Storage organization based on mirroring data between drives
Choose the correct matching code.
List I
(a) SRAM
(b) RAID 1
(c) RDBMS
(d) Intranet
List II
1. Relational database-management system using relations, keys and relationships
2. High-speed memory commonly used for processor cache
3. Private organizational network or information environment
4. Storage organization based on mirroring data between drives
Choose the correct matching code.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• SRAM is commonly used for fast processor cache, giving (a)-2.
• RAID 1 uses mirroring, giving (b)-4, while an RDBMS implements the relational data model, giving (c)-1.
• An intranet is the private organizational network or information environment, giving (d)-3.
• RAID 1 uses mirroring, giving (b)-4, while an RDBMS implements the relational data model, giving (c)-1.
• An intranet is the private organizational network or information environment, giving (d)-3.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: B. RAM normally provides volatile working storage for active programs and data, whereas ROM or similar non-volatile firmware storage retains information without continuous power. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: D. SRAM is generally faster and does not require periodic refresh, whereas DRAM is denser, cheaper per bit and requires refresh. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: A. An SSD generally has much lower random-access latency because it has no mechanical seek or rotational delay. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: C. RAID 0 provides about 8 TB usable with no RAID-level redundancy, while RAID 1 provides about 4 TB usable through mirroring. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: A. RAID 5 provides about 10 TB usable and tolerates one drive failure; RAID 6 provides about 8 TB usable and tolerates two drive failures. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: B. System software such as an operating system manages computer resources and provides services, whereas application software performs user-oriented tasks such as word processing or spreadsheet analysis. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: D. RAM provides fast volatile working storage, whereas an SSD provides non-volatile persistent storage with much larger typical capacity. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: C. An RDBMS is a DBMS based on the relational model, while the broader DBMS category can also include non-relational database approaches. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: A. Primary keys, foreign keys and referential-integrity constraints can be used to maintain relationships between tables. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: D. Microsoft Word సమాధానం: D.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: B. Excel is generally stronger for spreadsheet calculations and numerical analysis, while Access is designed for structured relational data management using tables, relationships, queries, forms and reports. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: C. Microsoft Access using table relationships and referential integrity సమాధానం: C.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: A. Use Word as the Mail Merge main document and use the Excel worksheet as the recipient data source. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: B. Microsoft Excel, because the task emphasizes numerical calculation and analysis rather than management of related relational tables సమాధానం: B.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: D. Microsoft Access సమాధానం: D.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: C. LAN → MAN → WAN సమాధానం: C.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: A. The city-scale network is a MAN, while the multi-city national network is a WAN. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: D. The Internet is a global network of interconnected networks, whereas an intranet is a private organizational network or information environment restricted primarily to authorized users. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: B. Packet filtering is one firewall/access-control technique based mainly on packet-header information, while broader firewall implementations may also use stateful inspection, application proxies or other controls. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: C. A stateless filter evaluates packets without maintaining per-connection state, while a stateful firewall can use recorded connection state when evaluating traffic. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: A. Authentication verifies an identity or identity claim, whereas encryption transforms data to help protect its confidentiality. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: B. The sign-in mechanism performs authentication, while full-disk encryption protects the confidentiality of stored data. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: D. A firewall primarily controls network traffic according to security policy, whereas encryption primarily protects the confidentiality of data through cryptographic transformation. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: C. Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: A. (a)-2, (b)-4, (c)-1, (d)-3 సమాధానం: A.