Please keep at least one language enabled. || కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
Which statement correctly distinguishes optical storage from magnetic hard-disk storage?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Optical storage technologies such as CDs and DVDs use laser light to read recorded information.
• Magnetic hard disks store information through magnetic states on rotating platter surfaces.
• The two technologies therefore differ fundamentally in their recording and reading methods.
• Magnetic hard disks store information through magnetic states on rotating platter surfaces.
• The two technologies therefore differ fundamentally in their recording and reading methods.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
Which optical-disc type is normally supplied with permanently recorded contents that a user can read but cannot normally erase or rewrite?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• CD-ROM stands for Compact Disc Read-Only Memory.
• Its recorded contents are intended for reading rather than ordinary user rewriting.
• CD-R and CD-RW differ because they permit user recording, with CD-RW also permitting erasure and reuse.
• Its recorded contents are intended for reading rather than ordinary user rewriting.
• CD-R and CD-RW differ because they permit user recording, with CD-RW also permitting erasure and reuse.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
A user needs an optical disc onto which data can be recorded once but not normally erased and rewritten. Which medium is most appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• CD-R is a recordable optical medium designed for writing data to the disc once under normal use.
• After recording, the written areas are not normally erased for reuse.
• CD-RW is the appropriate CD technology when repeated erasing and rewriting are required.
• After recording, the written areas are not normally erased for reuse.
• CD-RW is the appropriate CD technology when repeated erasing and rewriting are required.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
Which optical medium is specifically designed to allow data to be erased and recorded again multiple times?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• CD-RW stands for Compact Disc ReWritable.
• It allows stored information to be erased and new information to be recorded again.
• CD-ROM is read-only, while CD-R is normally recordable only once.
• It allows stored information to be erased and new information to be recorded again.
• CD-ROM is read-only, while CD-R is normally recordable only once.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
A standard single-layer, single-sided DVD commonly provides approximately which storage capacity?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A conventional single-layer, single-sided DVD commonly stores about 4.7 GB of data.
• A standard CD normally stores around 650 to 700 MB, which is substantially less.
• A capacity around 25 GB is associated with a single-layer Blu-ray Disc rather than a standard DVD.
• A standard CD normally stores around 650 to 700 MB, which is substantially less.
• A capacity around 25 GB is associated with a single-layer Blu-ray Disc rather than a standard DVD.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
Why can a DVD normally store substantially more data than a CD of similar physical diameter?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• DVD technology records data at a higher physical density than CD technology.
• Smaller recorded features and closer track spacing allow more information to fit on a disc of similar diameter.
• The capacity difference is based on optical recording density rather than RAM or magnetic-storage principles.
• Smaller recorded features and closer track spacing allow more information to fit on a disc of similar diameter.
• The capacity difference is based on optical recording density rather than RAM or magnetic-storage principles.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
Which characteristic is common to USB flash drives and SSDs that use flash memory?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Flash memory is non-volatile and therefore retains stored information without continuous power.
• USB flash drives and most consumer SSDs contain no mechanical read/write heads or rotating platters.
• Their solid-state design distinguishes them from conventional magnetic hard disks.
• USB flash drives and most consumer SSDs contain no mechanical read/write heads or rotating platters.
• Their solid-state design distinguishes them from conventional magnetic hard disks.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
A technician needs a small portable device for transferring files between computers through a USB port. Which device is most directly intended for this purpose?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A USB flash drive combines non-volatile flash storage with a USB interface in a portable form.
• It is commonly used for file transfer, temporary transport and removable storage.
• Cache, DIMMs and EPROM chips are not general-purpose portable USB storage devices.
• It is commonly used for file transfer, temporary transport and removable storage.
• Cache, DIMMs and EPROM chips are not general-purpose portable USB storage devices.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
Which statement most accurately compares an SSD with a conventional HDD?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• An SSD stores information electronically in solid-state memory and does not require moving read/write heads or spinning platters.
• This generally provides much lower access latency than a mechanical HDD.
• Both SSDs and HDDs are non-volatile storage devices.
• This generally provides much lower access latency than a mechanical HDD.
• Both SSDs and HDDs are non-volatile storage devices.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
Which type of non-volatile semiconductor memory is most commonly associated with modern SSD data storage?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Modern SSDs commonly use NAND flash memory to provide persistent data storage.
• NAND flash retains information without continuous electrical power.
• SRAM, DRAM and CPU registers are primarily volatile working-memory technologies and do not provide the main persistent storage cells of an SSD.
• NAND flash retains information without continuous electrical power.
• SRAM, DRAM and CPU registers are primarily volatile working-memory technologies and do not provide the main persistent storage cells of an SSD.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
Consider the following statements about solid-state drives:
1. SSDs normally contain no rotating platters.
2. SSDs are non-volatile.
3. SSDs generally have lower mechanical-access delay than HDDs because no head movement is required.
4. SSDs require a laser to read every stored bit.
Which statements are correct?
1. SSDs normally contain no rotating platters.
2. SSDs are non-volatile.
3. SSDs generally have lower mechanical-access delay than HDDs because no head movement is required.
4. SSDs require a laser to read every stored bit.
Which statements are correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statements 1 and 3 reflect the solid-state nature of SSDs, which eliminates rotating platters and mechanical seek operations.
• Statement 2 is correct because SSD storage remains available after power is removed.
• Statement 4 is incorrect because laser-based reading is associated with optical storage rather than SSDs.
• Statement 2 is correct because SSD storage remains available after power is removed.
• Statement 4 is incorrect because laser-based reading is associated with optical storage rather than SSDs.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
Which of the following is an important advantage of a solid-state drive in a portable computer compared with a conventional mechanical hard disk?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• An SSD has no spinning platters or mechanical read/write head assembly.
• This makes it generally less vulnerable to mechanical shock caused by normal movement than a conventional HDD.
• SSDs are read/write storage devices and are electronically erased rather than ultraviolet-erased.
• This makes it generally less vulnerable to mechanical shock caused by normal movement than a conventional HDD.
• SSDs are read/write storage devices and are electronically erased rather than ultraviolet-erased.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
Which statement best describes flash memory?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Flash memory is a non-volatile semiconductor technology capable of retaining data without power.
• Its stored contents can be electrically erased and rewritten.
• USB flash drives, memory cards and SSDs are common applications of flash storage.
• Its stored contents can be electrically erased and rewritten.
• USB flash drives, memory cards and SSDs are common applications of flash storage.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
A user wants to archive files on removable media that cannot be accidentally modified after being factory-produced. Which option best matches this requirement?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• ROM optical media are designed to provide read-only recorded contents during normal use.
• Rewritable media, flash drives and SSDs permit stored information to be modified.
• Read-only optical media are therefore suitable when ordinary rewriting is not desired.
• Rewritable media, flash drives and SSDs permit stored information to be modified.
• Read-only optical media are therefore suitable when ordinary rewriting is not desired.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
Which operation is unnecessary when accessing data from an SSD but is required in a conventional HDD?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Conventional HDDs require mechanical head positioning to reach the required track, producing seek time.
• SSDs access semiconductor storage electronically and therefore do not require mechanical seek operations.
• Both types still use binary information, controllers and electrical power during operation.
• SSDs access semiconductor storage electronically and therefore do not require mechanical seek operations.
• Both types still use binary information, controllers and electrical power during operation.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
Match List I with List II:
List I
(a) CD-ROM
(b) CD-R
(c) CD-RW
(d) SSD
List II
1. Rewritable optical medium
2. Read-only optical medium
3. Solid-state non-volatile storage
4. Recordable-once optical medium
Choose the correct matching code.
List I
(a) CD-ROM
(b) CD-R
(c) CD-RW
(d) SSD
List II
1. Rewritable optical medium
2. Read-only optical medium
3. Solid-state non-volatile storage
4. Recordable-once optical medium
Choose the correct matching code.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• CD-ROM is read-only, giving (a)-2.
• CD-R is normally recordable once and CD-RW is rewritable, giving (b)-4 and (c)-1.
• An SSD provides solid-state non-volatile storage, giving (d)-3.
• CD-R is normally recordable once and CD-RW is rewritable, giving (b)-4 and (c)-1.
• An SSD provides solid-state non-volatile storage, giving (d)-3.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
Assertion (A): SSDs generally provide faster random access than conventional magnetic hard disks.
Reason (R): SSDs do not require mechanical head movement or platter rotation to reach different stored locations.
Choose the correct answer.
Reason (R): SSDs do not require mechanical head movement or platter rotation to reach different stored locations.
Choose the correct answer.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A mechanical HDD must perform physical positioning operations when accessing different regions of its platters.
• SSDs retrieve information electronically from semiconductor storage and avoid these mechanical delays.
• The Reason therefore correctly explains the Assertion.
• SSDs retrieve information electronically from semiconductor storage and avoid these mechanical delays.
• The Reason therefore correctly explains the Assertion.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
Which storage device is most likely to be affected by a mechanical head crash?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A conventional HDD contains read/write heads operating extremely close to rotating platter surfaces.
• Physical contact between a head and platter can damage the recording surface and is referred to as a head crash.
• USB flash drives and SSDs contain no comparable mechanical head assembly.
• Physical contact between a head and platter can damage the recording surface and is referred to as a head crash.
• USB flash drives and SSDs contain no comparable mechanical head assembly.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
A 64 GB USB flash drive contains 48 GB of data. Ignoring formatting overhead, how much nominal capacity remains unused?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Remaining capacity equals total capacity minus used capacity.
• 64 GB − 48 GB = 16 GB.
• Therefore 16 GB of the stated nominal capacity remains unused under the question's assumption.
• 64 GB − 48 GB = 16 GB.
• Therefore 16 GB of the stated nominal capacity remains unused under the question's assumption.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
Consider the following statements:
1. CD and DVD are optical-storage technologies.
2. USB flash drives normally use non-volatile flash memory.
3. SSDs have no mechanical seek time associated with moving a read/write head.
4. CD-RW can normally be erased and rewritten.
Which statements are correct?
1. CD and DVD are optical-storage technologies.
2. USB flash drives normally use non-volatile flash memory.
3. SSDs have no mechanical seek time associated with moving a read/write head.
4. CD-RW can normally be erased and rewritten.
Which statements are correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• CDs and DVDs are read using optical technology, while USB drives commonly use non-volatile flash storage.
• SSDs avoid mechanical head-seek delays because they contain no HDD-style moving head assembly.
• CD-RW is a rewritable optical medium, so all four statements are correct.
• SSDs avoid mechanical head-seek delays because they contain no HDD-style moving head assembly.
• CD-RW is a rewritable optical medium, so all four statements are correct.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: B. Optical media use laser-based reading or writing, whereas magnetic hard disks store data using magnetic recording. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: D. CD-ROM సమాధానం: D.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: A. CD-R సమాధానం: A.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: C. CD-RW సమాధానం: C.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: C. 4.7 GB సమాధానం: C.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: A. DVD technology uses higher recording density, including smaller data features and more closely spaced tracks. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: D. They provide non-volatile solid-state storage with no mechanical read/write head. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: B. USB flash drive సమాధానం: B.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: A. An SSD normally has no moving mechanical parts and generally provides lower access latency than a mechanical HDD. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: D. CPU registers సమాధానం: D.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: C. 1, 2 and 3 only సమాధానం: C.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: B. Its lack of moving parts generally provides better resistance to mechanical shock. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: C. It is electrically erasable, non-volatile semiconductor memory. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: A. CD-ROM or DVD-ROM సమాధానం: A.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: B. Supplying electrical power during normal operation సమాధానం: B.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: D. (a)-2, (b)-4, (c)-1, (d)-3 సమాధానం: D.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: D. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: C. Conventional hard disk drive సమాధానం: C.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: A. 16 GB సమాధానం: A.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: B. 1, 2, 3 and 4 సమాధానం: B.