Please keep at least one language enabled. || కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
Which statement most accurately distinguishes SRAM from DRAM?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• SRAM retains stored data as long as power is supplied without requiring periodic refresh cycles.
• DRAM stores information as electrical charge that must be refreshed periodically because the charge gradually leaks away.
• Both SRAM and DRAM are volatile memories and lose their stored information when normal power is removed.
• DRAM stores information as electrical charge that must be refreshed periodically because the charge gradually leaks away.
• Both SRAM and DRAM are volatile memories and lose their stored information when normal power is removed.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
Which type of RAM is most commonly used to provide the main working memory of a modern personal computer?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Main system memory is normally implemented using forms of Dynamic RAM such as DDR SDRAM.
• DRAM provides relatively high storage density and lower cost per bit, making large-capacity main memory practical.
• SRAM is faster but more expensive and is therefore used mainly where smaller quantities of very high-speed memory are required.
• DRAM provides relatively high storage density and lower cost per bit, making large-capacity main memory practical.
• SRAM is faster but more expensive and is therefore used mainly where smaller quantities of very high-speed memory are required.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
Which of the following statements about SRAM is NOT correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• SRAM is volatile memory and therefore loses its stored information when power is removed.
• The word 'static' means that periodic refresh is unnecessary while power remains available; it does not mean non-volatile.
• SRAM's high speed makes it suitable for cache despite its higher cost and lower density.
• The word 'static' means that periodic refresh is unnecessary while power remains available; it does not mean non-volatile.
• SRAM's high speed makes it suitable for cache despite its higher cost and lower density.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
What is the principal purpose of the refresh operation in DRAM?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A DRAM cell stores information using electrical charge that gradually leaks away.
• Periodic refresh operations restore the charge before the stored bit becomes unreliable.
• Refresh maintains data only while the system is powered; it does not make DRAM non-volatile.
• Periodic refresh operations restore the charge before the stored bit becomes unreliable.
• Refresh maintains data only while the system is powered; it does not make DRAM non-volatile.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
Why is SRAM generally preferred over DRAM for processor cache memory?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Processor cache requires very low access time because it supplies frequently needed information to the CPU.
• SRAM is faster than DRAM and does not require periodic refresh of individual storage charges.
• Its higher cost and larger cell size are acceptable because cache capacity is much smaller than main-memory capacity.
• SRAM is faster than DRAM and does not require periodic refresh of individual storage charges.
• Its higher cost and larger cell size are acceptable because cache capacity is much smaller than main-memory capacity.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
Which comparison between SRAM and DRAM is generally correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• DRAM cells are comparatively simple, allowing more bits to be implemented in a given chip area.
• This provides higher density and generally lower cost per bit than SRAM.
• SRAM trades density and cost efficiency for higher access speed.
• This provides higher density and generally lower cost per bit than SRAM.
• SRAM trades density and cost efficiency for higher access speed.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
A computer has unsaved information in its RAM when electrical power is suddenly removed. What normally happens to that information?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Volatile memory requires electrical power to maintain stored information.
• Ordinary SRAM and DRAM therefore lose their contents when normal power is removed.
• Data requiring long-term retention must be stored on non-volatile media such as an SSD or hard disk.
• Ordinary SRAM and DRAM therefore lose their contents when normal power is removed.
• Data requiring long-term retention must be stored on non-volatile media such as an SSD or hard disk.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
In the term Random Access Memory, 'random access' primarily means that:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Random access allows a required memory location to be addressed directly.
• This differs from sequential-access media, where preceding information may need to be passed before reaching the required location.
• The term does not imply that data values or CPU operations occur unpredictably.
• This differs from sequential-access media, where preceding information may need to be passed before reaching the required location.
• The term does not imply that data values or CPU operations occur unpredictably.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
Which description most closely represents the storage mechanism of a typical SRAM cell?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• SRAM cells use bistable electronic circuitry, commonly described in terms of flip-flop or latch-like storage.
• The circuit maintains its state while power is available without periodic DRAM-style refresh.
• This design requires more circuitry per bit than DRAM and contributes to SRAM's lower density.
• The circuit maintains its state while power is available without periodic DRAM-style refresh.
• This design requires more circuitry per bit than DRAM and contributes to SRAM's lower density.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
A typical DRAM cell stores a bit primarily in the form of:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A conventional DRAM cell represents information using electrical charge associated with a capacitor and access circuitry.
• Because the stored charge leaks with time, the information must be refreshed periodically.
• This simple cell structure helps DRAM achieve comparatively high storage density.
• Because the stored charge leaks with time, the information must be refreshed periodically.
• This simple cell structure helps DRAM achieve comparatively high storage density.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
Match List I with List II:
List I
(a) SRAM
(b) DRAM
(c) Cache memory
(d) Main memory
List II
1. Commonly implemented mainly using DRAM
2. Commonly implemented mainly using SRAM
3. Faster RAM that normally requires no periodic refresh
4. Higher-density RAM requiring periodic refresh
Choose the correct matching code.
List I
(a) SRAM
(b) DRAM
(c) Cache memory
(d) Main memory
List II
1. Commonly implemented mainly using DRAM
2. Commonly implemented mainly using SRAM
3. Faster RAM that normally requires no periodic refresh
4. Higher-density RAM requiring periodic refresh
Choose the correct matching code.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• SRAM is the faster RAM that does not require periodic refresh, giving (a)-3.
• DRAM provides greater density but requires refresh, giving (b)-4.
• Cache is commonly based on SRAM and main memory on DRAM, giving (c)-2 and (d)-1.
• DRAM provides greater density but requires refresh, giving (b)-4.
• Cache is commonly based on SRAM and main memory on DRAM, giving (c)-2 and (d)-1.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
Assertion (A): DRAM requires periodic refreshing even while the computer remains powered.
Reason (R): The electrical charge representing data in a DRAM cell gradually leaks away with time.
Choose the correct answer.
Reason (R): The electrical charge representing data in a DRAM cell gradually leaks away with time.
Choose the correct answer.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• DRAM stores information using charge that cannot remain indefinitely without restoration.
• Periodic refresh restores the stored state before charge leakage causes information loss.
• Therefore both statements are true and the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
• Periodic refresh restores the stored state before charge leakage causes information loss.
• Therefore both statements are true and the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
Consider the following statements:
1. SRAM is generally faster than DRAM.
2. DRAM generally provides higher storage density than SRAM.
3. Both SRAM and DRAM are normally volatile.
4. DRAM is commonly used for main system memory.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
1. SRAM is generally faster than DRAM.
2. DRAM generally provides higher storage density than SRAM.
3. Both SRAM and DRAM are normally volatile.
4. DRAM is commonly used for main system memory.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• SRAM generally provides faster access but uses more circuitry per stored bit.
• DRAM offers greater density and lower cost per bit, making it suitable for main memory.
• Both types require electrical power to preserve their contents, so all four statements are correct.
• DRAM offers greater density and lower cost per bit, making it suitable for main memory.
• Both types require electrical power to preserve their contents, so all four statements are correct.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
Suppose the refresh mechanism of a DRAM system stops functioning while electrical power remains supplied. What is the expected result?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• DRAM depends on periodic refreshing to restore charge in its storage cells.
• If refresh stops, charge leakage eventually causes stored bit values to become unreliable or disappear.
• Continuous system power alone is therefore insufficient to preserve DRAM contents without refresh.
• If refresh stops, charge leakage eventually causes stored bit values to become unreliable or disappear.
• Continuous system power alone is therefore insufficient to preserve DRAM contents without refresh.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
A manufacturer wants to provide several gigabytes of affordable main memory in a personal computer. Which memory technology is generally the most practical choice?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Main memory requires relatively large capacity at an economically practical cost.
• DRAM's high density and lower cost per bit make it suitable for gigabyte-scale system memory.
• SRAM and register-like storage are considerably more expensive for comparable capacities.
• DRAM's high density and lower cost per bit make it suitable for gigabyte-scale system memory.
• SRAM and register-like storage are considerably more expensive for comparable capacities.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
Which of the following is NOT a typical application of DRAM in a personal computer?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• DRAM is widely used for large-capacity system RAM, including modern DDR memory modules.
• L1 processor cache prioritizes extremely low access time and is normally implemented using SRAM-based structures.
• Therefore the fastest small CPU cache is not the normal application described for DRAM.
• L1 processor cache prioritizes extremely low access time and is normally implemented using SRAM-based structures.
• Therefore the fastest small CPU cache is not the normal application described for DRAM.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
Which statement correctly compares the typical access performance of SRAM and DRAM?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• SRAM is designed for high-speed access and does not require periodic charge refresh in the manner of DRAM.
• DRAM sacrifices some speed in exchange for greater density and lower cost per bit.
• This is why SRAM is preferred for high-speed cache while DRAM dominates main memory.
• DRAM sacrifices some speed in exchange for greater density and lower cost per bit.
• This is why SRAM is preferred for high-speed cache while DRAM dominates main memory.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
A desktop memory module is labeled 'DDR4 SDRAM'. To which broad RAM family does this module belong?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• DDR4 SDRAM stands for Double Data Rate Fourth Generation Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory.
• It is therefore a form of DRAM used for system main memory.
• The word 'synchronous' describes its coordinated operation with a clock and does not convert it into SRAM.
• It is therefore a form of DRAM used for system main memory.
• The word 'synchronous' describes its coordinated operation with a clock and does not convert it into SRAM.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
Why does SRAM generally provide lower storage density than DRAM for a comparable chip area?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A typical SRAM cell uses several transistors to maintain a bistable state.
• A DRAM cell can use a much simpler storage structure based on charge storage, allowing more cells to fit into a given area.
• This difference contributes to DRAM's higher density and lower cost per bit.
• A DRAM cell can use a much simpler storage structure based on charge storage, allowing more cells to fit into a given area.
• This difference contributes to DRAM's higher density and lower cost per bit.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
Match List I with List II:
List I
(a) Volatile memory
(b) SRAM
(c) DRAM
(d) DDR SDRAM module
List II
1. Common PC main-memory module technology
2. Loses stored information when power is removed
3. High-speed RAM commonly associated with cache
4. RAM technology requiring periodic refresh
Choose the correct matching code.
List I
(a) Volatile memory
(b) SRAM
(c) DRAM
(d) DDR SDRAM module
List II
1. Common PC main-memory module technology
2. Loses stored information when power is removed
3. High-speed RAM commonly associated with cache
4. RAM technology requiring periodic refresh
Choose the correct matching code.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Volatile memory loses its contents when power is removed, giving (a)-2.
• SRAM provides high-speed storage commonly used for cache, giving (b)-3.
• DRAM requires refresh, while DDR SDRAM is a mainstream PC main-memory technology, giving (c)-4 and (d)-1.
• SRAM provides high-speed storage commonly used for cache, giving (b)-3.
• DRAM requires refresh, while DDR SDRAM is a mainstream PC main-memory technology, giving (c)-4 and (d)-1.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: C. SRAM does not require periodic refresh while power is supplied, whereas DRAM requires refresh. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: A. DRAM సమాధానం: A.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: D. It retains its contents permanently even when electrical power is removed. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: B. To restore electrical charge in memory cells before the stored information is lost సమాధానం: B.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: C. SRAM provides faster access and does not require DRAM-style refresh operations. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: B. DRAM generally offers higher density and lower cost per bit than SRAM. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: A. It is lost because ordinary RAM is volatile. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: D. A memory location can be accessed directly without first reading all preceding locations. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: A. A bistable electronic circuit that maintains its state while power is supplied సమాధానం: A.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: C. Electrical charge associated with a capacitor సమాధానం: C.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: D. (a)-3, (b)-4, (c)-2, (d)-1 సమాధానం: D.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: B. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: C. 1, 2, 3 and 4 సమాధానం: C.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: A. Stored data will progressively become unreliable as memory-cell charges decay. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: B. DRAM సమాధానం: B.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: D. Providing the processor's fastest small L1 cache in preference to SRAM సమాధానం: D.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: B. SRAM is generally faster than DRAM. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: C. Dynamic RAM సమాధానం: C.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: A. An SRAM cell generally requires more electronic components per stored bit than a DRAM cell. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: D. (a)-2, (b)-3, (c)-4, (d)-1 సమాధానం: D.