Please keep at least one language enabled. || కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
What is a dialect?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A dialect is a systematic variety of a language associated with a geographical area, social group or community.
• Dialects may differ in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar.
• A dialect is not linguistically inferior to another variety.
• Accent refers mainly to pronunciation, whereas dialect includes broader linguistic differences.
• Dialects may differ in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar.
• A dialect is not linguistically inferior to another variety.
• Accent refers mainly to pronunciation, whereas dialect includes broader linguistic differences.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
Which statement best distinguishes an accent from a dialect?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Accent refers primarily to characteristic patterns of pronunciation.
• Dialect is broader and may include phonological, lexical and grammatical features.
• Both accents and dialects may be regional, social or associated with particular communities.
• Standard varieties also have accents and should not be treated as accentless.
• Dialect is broader and may include phonological, lexical and grammatical features.
• Both accents and dialects may be regional, social or associated with particular communities.
• Standard varieties also have accents and should not be treated as accentless.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
Which term refers to language variation according to situation, purpose and audience?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Register is variation in language use according to context, activity, subject matter and communicative purpose.
• Legal, scientific and conversational registers have characteristic vocabulary and structures.
• Sociolect is associated with a social group, while idiolect concerns an individual speaker.
• Diglossia involves the functional distribution of distinct varieties within a community.
• Legal, scientific and conversational registers have characteristic vocabulary and structures.
• Sociolect is associated with a social group, while idiolect concerns an individual speaker.
• Diglossia involves the functional distribution of distinct varieties within a community.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
A speaker uses more formal language in a job interview than in a conversation with close friends. This shift primarily illustrates:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Style shifting occurs when speakers adjust their language according to audience, setting, topic or degree of formality.
• The same speaker may move between careful and casual styles.
• Such variation demonstrates the flexibility of linguistic behaviour.
• It does not necessarily involve abandoning a language or changing the grammar of the entire community.
• The same speaker may move between careful and casual styles.
• Such variation demonstrates the flexibility of linguistic behaviour.
• It does not necessarily involve abandoning a language or changing the grammar of the entire community.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
What is an idiolect?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• An idiolect is the distinctive linguistic repertoire and habitual usage of an individual.
• It may reflect personal vocabulary, pronunciation, grammar and stylistic preferences.
• An idiolect is shaped by regional, social and situational influences.
• It differs from a sociolect, which is associated with a social group.
• It may reflect personal vocabulary, pronunciation, grammar and stylistic preferences.
• An idiolect is shaped by regional, social and situational influences.
• It differs from a sociolect, which is associated with a social group.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
Which term denotes a language variety associated with a particular social group or social class?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A sociolect is a variety associated with a social group, class, occupation, age group or community network.
• Its features may include pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar.
• Register is primarily situational, while accent concerns pronunciation.
• Social varieties are systematic and can signal group identity.
• Its features may include pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar.
• Register is primarily situational, while accent concerns pronunciation.
• Social varieties are systematic and can signal group identity.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
A speech community is best defined as:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A speech community is united by shared norms for interpreting and evaluating linguistic behaviour.
• Members need not speak identically or use only one language.
• What matters is participation in common patterns of communication and social meaning.
• Speech communities may overlap and may exist at local, professional, ethnic or national levels.
• Members need not speak identically or use only one language.
• What matters is participation in common patterns of communication and social meaning.
• Speech communities may overlap and may exist at local, professional, ethnic or national levels.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
Which sociolinguistic situation is most accurately described as diglossia?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Diglossia involves the functional allocation of two varieties within a speech community.
• A High variety is commonly used in formal domains such as education, religion or administration.
• A Low variety is commonly used in everyday informal interaction.
• The distinction is functional and social rather than a claim that one variety is linguistically superior.
• A High variety is commonly used in formal domains such as education, religion or administration.
• A Low variety is commonly used in everyday informal interaction.
• The distinction is functional and social rather than a claim that one variety is linguistically superior.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
Which statement most accurately describes bilingualism?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Bilingualism refers broadly to the use or knowledge of two languages.
• It may characterize individuals, families, institutions or whole communities.
• Degrees of proficiency, domains of use and patterns of acquisition can vary considerably.
• Bilingualism does not require identical competence in both languages.
• It may characterize individuals, families, institutions or whole communities.
• Degrees of proficiency, domains of use and patterns of acquisition can vary considerably.
• Bilingualism does not require identical competence in both languages.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
Multilingualism differs from bilingualism primarily because it involves:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Multilingualism involves the use or knowledge of several languages.
• It may be individual or societal and is common in linguistically diverse regions.
• Speakers may assign different languages to different domains and purposes.
• Multilingualism does not exclude code-switching or differences in proficiency.
• It may be individual or societal and is common in linguistically diverse regions.
• Speakers may assign different languages to different domains and purposes.
• Multilingualism does not exclude code-switching or differences in proficiency.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
Which example best illustrates code-switching?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Code-switching is the alternation between languages or varieties across conversational turns, clauses or situations.
• The change may respond to participant, topic, identity or social setting.
• It is generally systematic rather than evidence of linguistic confusion.
• Mispronunciation and grammatical overgeneralization are different phenomena.
• The change may respond to participant, topic, identity or social setting.
• It is generally systematic rather than evidence of linguistic confusion.
• Mispronunciation and grammatical overgeneralization are different phenomena.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
Code-mixing is commonly understood as:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Code-mixing commonly refers to the use of elements from more than one language within a stretch of discourse.
• It may involve words, phrases or grammatical patterns.
• The distinction between code-mixing and code-switching varies across scholarly traditions.
• Both practices can express identity, solidarity, topic association and communicative efficiency.
• It may involve words, phrases or grammatical patterns.
• The distinction between code-mixing and code-switching varies across scholarly traditions.
• Both practices can express identity, solidarity, topic association and communicative efficiency.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
Consider the following statements. Statement I: Dialects may differ in grammar as well as pronunciation. Statement II: An accent refers primarily to pronunciation. Which option is correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement I is correct because dialect variation may affect phonology, vocabulary and grammar.
• Statement II is correct because accent specifically concerns pronunciation patterns.
• The distinction is therefore one of scope rather than linguistic legitimacy.
• Hence, both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
• Statement II is correct because accent specifically concerns pronunciation patterns.
• The distinction is therefore one of scope rather than linguistic legitimacy.
• Hence, both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
Which of the following statements about diglossia are correct? 1. The High variety is commonly associated with formal domains. 2. The Low variety is commonly used in everyday interaction. 3. The varieties must have identical social functions. 4. Functional differentiation is central to the concept.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct because the High variety is typically associated with formal and institutional domains.
• Statement 2 is correct because the Low variety commonly serves ordinary conversation.
• Statement 3 is incorrect because diglossia depends on differentiated rather than identical functions.
• Statement 4 is correct because functional distribution is a defining feature.
• Therefore, statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct.
• Statement 2 is correct because the Low variety commonly serves ordinary conversation.
• Statement 3 is incorrect because diglossia depends on differentiated rather than identical functions.
• Statement 4 is correct because functional distribution is a defining feature.
• Therefore, statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
Assertion: Code-switching can function as a resource for expressing social identity. Reason: Bilingual speakers may select a language according to audience, topic, solidarity or social distance.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The Assertion is correct because language choice can signal affiliation, distance, authority and group membership.
• The Reason is correct because speakers often switch codes in response to participants, topics and relationships.
• These socially meaningful choices explain how code-switching can construct identity.
• Therefore, both are correct, and the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
• The Reason is correct because speakers often switch codes in response to participants, topics and relationships.
• These socially meaningful choices explain how code-switching can construct identity.
• Therefore, both are correct, and the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
Match List I with List II. List I: 1. Idiolect 2. Sociolect 3. Register 4. Diglossia. List II: a. Functional distribution of High and Low varieties b. Language associated with a social group c. Language variation according to situation d. Distinctive usage of an individual.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Idiolect matches d because it is the distinctive language use of an individual.
• Sociolect matches b because it is associated with a social group.
• Register matches c because it varies according to situation and purpose.
• Diglossia matches a because it distributes High and Low varieties across different functions.
• Therefore, the correct code is 1-d, 2-b, 3-c, 4-a.
• Sociolect matches b because it is associated with a social group.
• Register matches c because it varies according to situation and purpose.
• Diglossia matches a because it distributes High and Low varieties across different functions.
• Therefore, the correct code is 1-d, 2-b, 3-c, 4-a.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
Which statement best represents a contemporary sociolinguistic approach to language and gender?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Contemporary sociolinguistics generally treats gender as socially enacted and context-dependent.
• Linguistic patterns interact with identity, power, community norms and communicative setting.
• Broad claims that all women or all men speak alike erase variation within groups.
• Gender also intersects with class, ethnicity, age, occupation and other social factors.
• Linguistic patterns interact with identity, power, community norms and communicative setting.
• Broad claims that all women or all men speak alike erase variation within groups.
• Gender also intersects with class, ethnicity, age, occupation and other social factors.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
Which example most clearly illustrates the relationship between language and social class?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Sociolinguistic studies often identify correlations between linguistic variables and social class or network membership.
• Groups may differ in the frequency rather than the absolute presence of particular forms.
• Such patterns carry social meanings related to prestige, solidarity or identity.
• The other examples concern psycholinguistics, acquisition or syntax.
• Groups may differ in the frequency rather than the absolute presence of particular forms.
• Such patterns carry social meanings related to prestige, solidarity or identity.
• The other examples concern psycholinguistics, acquisition or syntax.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
What is linguistic standardization?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Standardization is a social and institutional process through which a variety is selected and developed as a recognized norm.
• Codification may involve grammars, dictionaries and spelling conventions.
• Elaboration extends the variety into additional functional domains.
• Standardization does not eliminate variation or make the selected variety inherently superior.
• Codification may involve grammars, dictionaries and spelling conventions.
• Elaboration extends the variety into additional functional domains.
• Standardization does not eliminate variation or make the selected variety inherently superior.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
Which activity is an example of corpus planning?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Corpus planning focuses on the internal form and resources of a language.
• It may include orthographic reform, grammar codification and development of technical vocabulary.
• Choosing official functions belongs mainly to status planning.
• Promoting language learning is commonly associated with acquisition planning.
• It may include orthographic reform, grammar codification and development of technical vocabulary.
• Choosing official functions belongs mainly to status planning.
• Promoting language learning is commonly associated with acquisition planning.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
Which activity is most clearly an example of status planning?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Status planning concerns the social functions, official standing and domains assigned to a language or variety.
• Designating a language for government use changes its institutional position.
• Dictionaries and spelling reforms belong primarily to corpus planning.
• Language-teaching initiatives are associated mainly with acquisition planning.
• Designating a language for government use changes its institutional position.
• Dictionaries and spelling reforms belong primarily to corpus planning.
• Language-teaching initiatives are associated mainly with acquisition planning.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
A government funds teacher training and school programmes to increase the number of people who can use a minority language. This is primarily:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Acquisition planning seeks to influence who learns a language and how it is transmitted.
• School programmes, teacher preparation and learning resources can expand the number of users.
• Status planning changes functions, while corpus planning changes linguistic form.
• The example therefore concerns the acquisition and maintenance of language competence.
• School programmes, teacher preparation and learning resources can expand the number of users.
• Status planning changes functions, while corpus planning changes linguistic form.
• The example therefore concerns the acquisition and maintenance of language competence.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
Which of the following statements about standard languages are correct? 1. A standard language is historically selected from available varieties. 2. Its norms are often codified in dictionaries and grammars. 3. It is linguistically superior to every non-standard dialect. 4. Institutions often support its wider use.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct because a standard develops through social selection rather than natural superiority.
• Statement 2 is correct because codification produces recognized reference norms.
• Statement 3 is incorrect because non-standard dialects are systematic and linguistically valid.
• Statement 4 is correct because schools, media and administration often promote the standard.
• Therefore, statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct.
• Statement 2 is correct because codification produces recognized reference norms.
• Statement 3 is incorrect because non-standard dialects are systematic and linguistically valid.
• Statement 4 is correct because schools, media and administration often promote the standard.
• Therefore, statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
Which option best explains why a multilingual speaker may use one language at home, another at work and a third in formal education?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Multilingual repertoires are often functionally distributed across domains such as family, employment, education and religion.
• Participant relationships and communicative goals also influence language choice.
• Such patterned distribution reflects communicative competence rather than confusion.
• The speaker may also code-switch when domains and relationships overlap.
• Participant relationships and communicative goals also influence language choice.
• Such patterned distribution reflects communicative competence rather than confusion.
• The speaker may also code-switch when domains and relationships overlap.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
Which option provides the most accurate integrated account of sociolinguistic variation?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Sociolinguistic variation is structured rather than random.
• Regional background, class, gender, age, social networks, identity and situation may influence linguistic choices.
• Language policies and standardization affect the social value and distribution of varieties.
• Non-standard varieties have systematic patterns and are not collections of errors.
• Regional background, class, gender, age, social networks, identity and situation may influence linguistic choices.
• Language policies and standardization affect the social value and distribution of varieties.
• Non-standard varieties have systematic patterns and are not collections of errors.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: A. A systematic variety of a language associated with a region or social group సమాధానం: A.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: B. An accent primarily concerns pronunciation, while a dialect may also involve grammar and vocabulary సమాధానం: B.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: C. Register సమాధానం: C.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: D. Style shifting సమాధానం: D.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: A. The distinctive language habits of an individual speaker సమాధానం: A.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: B. Sociolect సమాధానం: B.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: C. A group sharing norms and expectations about language use సమాధానం: C.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: D. Two distinct varieties have relatively separate high and low social functions within a community సమాధానం: D.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: A. The use or knowledge of two languages by an individual or community సమాధానం: A.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: B. The use or knowledge of more than two languages సమాధానం: B.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: C. A bilingual speaker changes from English to Telugu when addressing a different participant సమాధానం: C.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: D. The insertion or combination of elements from different languages within an utterance or discourse సమాధానం: D.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: A. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct సమాధానం: A.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: B. 1, 2 and 4 only సమాధానం: B.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: A. Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion సమాధానం: A.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: B. 1-d, 2-b, 3-c, 4-a సమాధానం: B.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: C. Language and gender are shaped by interaction, identity, power and social practice సమాధానం: C.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: A. Different social groups show patterned variation in the frequency of a pronunciation feature సమాధానం: A.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: B. The selection, codification, elaboration and promotion of a particular variety as a norm సమాధానం: B.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: C. Developing terminology and revising spelling conventions సమాధానం: C.
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Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: D. Designating a language for use in government administration సమాధానం: D.
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Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: A. Acquisition planning సమాధానం: A.
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Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: C. 1, 2 and 4 only సమాధానం: C.
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Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: D. Language choice may be organized by domain, participants and communicative purpose సమాధానం: D.
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Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: A. Variation is systematic and can reflect region, social group, identity, situation and institutional policy సమాధానం: A.