Please keep at least one language enabled. || కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
In semantics, what does the sense of an expression primarily concern?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Sense concerns the meaning an expression has through its relations with other expressions in a language.
• It includes contrasts, similarities and structural connections within the lexical system.
• Sense can remain stable even when an expression has no actual referent in the world.
• Pronunciation, social identity and spelling history belong to other areas of linguistic analysis.
• It includes contrasts, similarities and structural connections within the lexical system.
• Sense can remain stable even when an expression has no actual referent in the world.
• Pronunciation, social identity and spelling history belong to other areas of linguistic analysis.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
What is reference in semantics?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Reference is the relation between an expression and the person, object, place or entity to which it points in a particular context.
• The reference of expressions such as this book or the president may vary with context.
• Reference differs from sense, which concerns meaning relations within the language system.
• Emotional associations are more closely connected with connotation.
• The reference of expressions such as this book or the president may vary with context.
• Reference differs from sense, which concerns meaning relations within the language system.
• Emotional associations are more closely connected with connotation.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
The denotation of a lexical item is best understood as:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Denotation is the core descriptive meaning of a word and the class of entities it designates.
• The denotation of bird includes members of the class conventionally identified as birds.
• Denotation is distinguished from connotation, which involves associated attitudes and cultural values.
• Style and etymology do not define denotation.
• The denotation of bird includes members of the class conventionally identified as birds.
• Denotation is distinguished from connotation, which involves associated attitudes and cultural values.
• Style and etymology do not define denotation.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
Which term refers to the cultural, emotional or evaluative associations of a word beyond its central meaning?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Connotation consists of the additional associations and attitudes attached to a lexical item.
• Words with similar denotations may differ in connotation, as with slim and skinny.
• Connotations can vary across cultures, groups and contexts.
• Denotation refers more directly to the core class or concept identified by the word.
• Words with similar denotations may differ in connotation, as with slim and skinny.
• Connotations can vary across cultures, groups and contexts.
• Denotation refers more directly to the core class or concept identified by the word.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
Which pair best illustrates near-synonymy?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Begin and commence have closely related meanings and can substitute for each other in many contexts.
• Complete synonymy is rare because near-synonyms often differ in style, collocation or register.
• Hot and cold are antonyms, while flower and rose illustrate a superordinate-hyponym relation.
• Bank and bank may illustrate homonymy when the meanings are unrelated.
• Complete synonymy is rare because near-synonyms often differ in style, collocation or register.
• Hot and cold are antonyms, while flower and rose illustrate a superordinate-hyponym relation.
• Bank and bank may illustrate homonymy when the meanings are unrelated.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
Which lexical relation holds between alive and dead?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Alive and dead form a complementary opposition in ordinary usage.
• The denial of one term normally implies the other within the relevant domain.
• Complementary antonyms do not generally permit intermediate degrees in the way gradable antonyms do.
• Hyponymy and polysemy describe different lexical relationships.
• The denial of one term normally implies the other within the relevant domain.
• Complementary antonyms do not generally permit intermediate degrees in the way gradable antonyms do.
• Hyponymy and polysemy describe different lexical relationships.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
Which pair illustrates gradable antonymy?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Hot and cold are gradable antonyms because intermediate values such as warm and cool are possible.
• They can also occur in comparative constructions such as hotter and colder.
• Present and absent are usually complementary opposites.
• Buy and sell are converse terms, while parent and child express a relational contrast.
• They can also occur in comparative constructions such as hotter and colder.
• Present and absent are usually complementary opposites.
• Buy and sell are converse terms, while parent and child express a relational contrast.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
The relation between buy and sell is most accurately classified as:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Buy and sell describe the same transaction from opposite participant perspectives.
• If one person buys something from another, the other person sells it to the first.
• This relationship is called converse or relational antonymy.
• It differs from gradable and complementary opposition.
• If one person buys something from another, the other person sells it to the first.
• This relationship is called converse or relational antonymy.
• It differs from gradable and complementary opposition.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
Which statement best describes hyponymy?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Hyponymy is a relation of semantic inclusion between a specific term and a more general term.
• Rose is a hyponym of flower because every rose is a flower.
• Flower is the superordinate or hypernym in this relation.
• Homophony, contradiction and homonymy involve different semantic patterns.
• Rose is a hyponym of flower because every rose is a flower.
• Flower is the superordinate or hypernym in this relation.
• Homophony, contradiction and homonymy involve different semantic patterns.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
Which word is a superordinate of robin, eagle and sparrow?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Bird is the immediate superordinate category containing robin, eagle and sparrow as hyponyms.
• Animal is also more general, but bird captures the closest relevant taxonomic relation.
• Wing and nest denote associated entities rather than semantic superordinates.
• Hyponymy organizes vocabulary into hierarchical class relations.
• Animal is also more general, but bird captures the closest relevant taxonomic relation.
• Wing and nest denote associated entities rather than semantic superordinates.
• Hyponymy organizes vocabulary into hierarchical class relations.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
Which pair is the clearest example of homonymy?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The two meanings of bat are conventionally treated as unrelated lexical items with the same form.
• Homonyms share pronunciation or spelling but have distinct, unrelated meanings.
• Big and large are near-synonyms, while tulip and flower illustrate hyponymy.
• The last option involves grammatical comparison rather than two unrelated lexical meanings.
• Homonyms share pronunciation or spelling but have distinct, unrelated meanings.
• Big and large are near-synonyms, while tulip and flower illustrate hyponymy.
• The last option involves grammatical comparison rather than two unrelated lexical meanings.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
Which pair consists of homophones?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Sea and see have the same pronunciation but different spellings and meanings.
• Such pairs are called homophones.
• Lead, bow and read in the examples given involve identical spellings with different pronunciations and are heteronyms.
• Homophony concerns sound identity rather than spelling identity.
• Such pairs are called homophones.
• Lead, bow and read in the examples given involve identical spellings with different pronunciations and are heteronyms.
• Homophony concerns sound identity rather than spelling identity.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
Which example most clearly illustrates polysemy?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The meanings of head in these expressions are related through an extension from a bodily part to a position of leadership.
• Polysemy occurs when one lexical item has multiple related senses.
• Knight and night are homophones, while alive and dead are antonyms.
• Rose and flower illustrate hyponymy.
• Polysemy occurs when one lexical item has multiple related senses.
• Knight and night are homophones, while alive and dead are antonyms.
• Rose and flower illustrate hyponymy.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
Consider the following statements. Statement I: Homonymy involves identical forms with unrelated meanings. Statement II: Polysemy involves a single lexical item with related senses. Which option is correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement I is correct because homonymous meanings are conventionally treated as unrelated.
• Statement II is correct because polysemous senses are connected through semantic extension or association.
• The distinction can sometimes be difficult and may depend on historical and lexicographic evidence.
• Therefore, both statements are correct.
• Statement II is correct because polysemous senses are connected through semantic extension or association.
• The distinction can sometimes be difficult and may depend on historical and lexicographic evidence.
• Therefore, both statements are correct.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
In the sentence The chef cut the bread with a knife, what semantic role is assigned to the chef?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The chef intentionally performs the action of cutting and therefore has the Agent role.
• An Agent is the participant that deliberately initiates or carries out an action.
• The bread is the Patient or Theme affected by the action.
• The knife has the Instrument role.
• An Agent is the participant that deliberately initiates or carries out an action.
• The bread is the Patient or Theme affected by the action.
• The knife has the Instrument role.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
In the sentence The chef cut the bread with a knife, what semantic role does a knife have?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A knife is the means by which the cutting action is performed and therefore has the Instrument role.
• Instruments are entities used by Agents to carry out actions.
• The chef is the Agent, and the bread is the affected Patient or Theme.
• Source, Theme and Experiencer do not describe the role of the knife here.
• Instruments are entities used by Agents to carry out actions.
• The chef is the Agent, and the bread is the affected Patient or Theme.
• Source, Theme and Experiencer do not describe the role of the knife here.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
In the sentence Priya feared the storm, which semantic role is assigned to Priya?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Priya undergoes an emotional or psychological state and is therefore the Experiencer.
• Experiencers perceive, feel or cognitively register a state rather than intentionally perform an action.
• The storm functions as the stimulus or content of the fear.
• The sentence does not assign Priya the roles of Instrument or Location.
• Experiencers perceive, feel or cognitively register a state rather than intentionally perform an action.
• The storm functions as the stimulus or content of the fear.
• The sentence does not assign Priya the roles of Instrument or Location.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
Componential analysis represents lexical meaning by:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Componential analysis breaks word meanings into sets of semantic features.
• Man may be represented through features such as human, adult and male.
• This method helps explain semantic similarities, oppositions and incompatibilities among lexical items.
• It is concerned with meaning structure rather than spelling or syllable count.
• Man may be represented through features such as human, adult and male.
• This method helps explain semantic similarities, oppositions and incompatibilities among lexical items.
• It is concerned with meaning structure rather than spelling or syllable count.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
Which feature specification best distinguishes woman from girl in a simple componential analysis?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Both woman and girl share the features human and female.
• The central contrast in a simplified componential analysis is adult versus non-adult.
• Woman is marked as adult, whereas girl is marked as non-adult.
• The other proposed distinctions incorrectly classify one of the terms.
• The central contrast in a simplified componential analysis is adult versus non-adult.
• Woman is marked as adult, whereas girl is marked as non-adult.
• The other proposed distinctions incorrectly classify one of the terms.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
Which sentence is entailed by Ravi killed the snake?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Killing conventionally entails causing the death of the affected entity.
• Therefore, if Ravi killed the snake is true, the snake died must also be true.
• Hatred, attack and weapon use are not logically guaranteed by the original sentence.
• Entailment is a meaning relation in which the truth of one proposition necessarily guarantees another.
• Therefore, if Ravi killed the snake is true, the snake died must also be true.
• Hatred, attack and weapon use are not logically guaranteed by the original sentence.
• Entailment is a meaning relation in which the truth of one proposition necessarily guarantees another.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
Which pair of sentences illustrates contradiction?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The door is open and The door is not open cannot both be true at the same time under the same interpretation and circumstances.
• They therefore stand in a relation of contradiction.
• The other pairs involve entailment, semantic inclusion or compatible meanings.
• Contradiction depends on mutually incompatible truth conditions.
• They therefore stand in a relation of contradiction.
• The other pairs involve entailment, semantic inclusion or compatible meanings.
• Contradiction depends on mutually incompatible truth conditions.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
Assertion: Rose is a hyponym of flower. Reason: The meaning of rose includes the defining semantic properties of flower together with additional specific features.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The Assertion is correct because every rose is a type of flower.
• The Reason is correct because the meaning of the hyponym contains the general properties of the superordinate plus more specific features.
• This semantic inclusion explains the hyponymic relation.
• Therefore, both are correct, and the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
• The Reason is correct because the meaning of the hyponym contains the general properties of the superordinate plus more specific features.
• This semantic inclusion explains the hyponymic relation.
• Therefore, both are correct, and the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
Match List I with List II. List I: 1. Synonymy 2. Hyponymy 3. Homophony 4. Polysemy. List II: a. Flour and flower b. Begin and commence c. Mouth of a person and mouth of a river d. Sparrow and bird.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Synonymy matches b because begin and commence have closely related meanings.
• Hyponymy matches d because sparrow is a type of bird.
• Homophony matches a because flour and flower have the same pronunciation but different spellings and meanings.
• Polysemy matches c because the senses of mouth are semantically related.
• Therefore, the correct code is 1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c.
• Hyponymy matches d because sparrow is a type of bird.
• Homophony matches a because flour and flower have the same pronunciation but different spellings and meanings.
• Polysemy matches c because the senses of mouth are semantically related.
• Therefore, the correct code is 1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
Which of the following statements are correct? 1. Synonyms may differ in register and collocation. 2. Hyponyms belong to the semantic class named by their superordinate. 3. Homophones must have identical spellings. 4. Polysemous senses are semantically related.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct because near-synonyms often differ in formality, distribution or collocation.
• Statement 2 is correct because a hyponym is included within the class denoted by its superordinate.
• Statement 3 is incorrect because homophones have the same pronunciation but may have different spellings.
• Statement 4 is correct because relatedness among senses defines polysemy.
• Therefore, statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct.
• Statement 2 is correct because a hyponym is included within the class denoted by its superordinate.
• Statement 3 is incorrect because homophones have the same pronunciation but may have different spellings.
• Statement 4 is correct because relatedness among senses defines polysemy.
• Therefore, statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
Which option provides the most accurate integrated analysis of the sentence Leela sent Arun a parcel from Delhi?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Leela intentionally initiates the act of sending and therefore has the Agent role.
• Arun is the intended endpoint or recipient of the transfer and functions as Goal or Recipient.
• The parcel is the entity transferred and has the Theme role.
• Delhi marks the point from which the transfer begins and therefore has the Source role.
• Arun is the intended endpoint or recipient of the transfer and functions as Goal or Recipient.
• The parcel is the entity transferred and has the Theme role.
• Delhi marks the point from which the transfer begins and therefore has the Source role.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: A. Its relation to other expressions within the language system సమాధానం: A.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: B. The relation between a linguistic expression and the entity it identifies in a context సమాధానం: B.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: C. The class of entities to which it conventionally applies సమాధానం: C.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: D. Connotation సమాధానం: D.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: A. Begin and commence సమాధానం: A.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: B. Complementary antonymy సమాధానం: B.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: C. Hot and cold సమాధానం: C.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: D. Converse antonymy సమాధానం: D.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: A. The meaning of one word is included within the meaning of a more general word సమాధానం: A.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: B. Bird సమాధానం: B.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: C. Bat as a flying mammal and bat as sports equipment సమాధానం: C.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: D. Sea and see సమాధానం: D.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: A. The head of a person and the head of a department సమాధానం: A.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: A. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct సమాధానం: A.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: C. Agent సమాధానం: C.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: D. Instrument సమాధానం: D.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: A. Experiencer సమాధానం: A.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: B. Decomposing meanings into smaller semantic features సమాధానం: B.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: C. Woman is adult, while girl is non-adult సమాధానం: C.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: D. The snake died సమాధానం: D.
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Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: A. The door is open and The door is not open సమాధానం: A.
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Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: A. Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion సమాధానం: A.
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Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: B. 1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c సమాధానం: B.
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Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: C. 1, 2 and 4 only సమాధానం: C.
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Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: B. Leela is the Agent, Arun is the Goal or Recipient, the parcel is the Theme, and Delhi is the Source సమాధానం: B.