Please keep at least one language enabled. || కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
Which thinker defined the postmodern condition as incredulity toward metanarratives?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Jean-François Lyotard is closely associated with the postmodern critique of metanarratives.
• He describes the postmodern condition as scepticism toward universal stories that claim to explain history, knowledge or progress.
• Such narratives include comprehensive accounts based on reason, emancipation or historical destiny.
• Baudrillard, Jameson and Hutcheon develop other major theories of postmodern culture.
• He describes the postmodern condition as scepticism toward universal stories that claim to explain history, knowledge or progress.
• Such narratives include comprehensive accounts based on reason, emancipation or historical destiny.
• Baudrillard, Jameson and Hutcheon develop other major theories of postmodern culture.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
Which work by Lyotard offers his influential account of knowledge in postmodern society?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The Postmodern Condition examines the status of knowledge in advanced technological societies.
• Lyotard argues that traditional legitimating narratives have lost much of their authority.
• He also discusses the increasing importance of performativity, information and language games.
• The other works are associated with Baudrillard, Hutcheon and Jameson.
• Lyotard argues that traditional legitimating narratives have lost much of their authority.
• He also discusses the increasing importance of performativity, information and language games.
• The other works are associated with Baudrillard, Hutcheon and Jameson.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
In postmodern theory, a metanarrative is best understood as:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A metanarrative is a large explanatory framework that claims to organize history, knowledge or social development.
• Examples include narratives of inevitable progress, universal emancipation or complete scientific mastery.
• Postmodernism questions the authority and inclusiveness of such totalizing explanations.
• The term does not simply mean an embedded narrative or literary parody.
• Examples include narratives of inevitable progress, universal emancipation or complete scientific mastery.
• Postmodernism questions the authority and inclusiveness of such totalizing explanations.
• The term does not simply mean an embedded narrative or literary parody.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
Lyotard's incredulity toward metanarratives chiefly implies:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Lyotard questions narratives that claim universal power to validate truth, history and social order.
• His position does not require the rejection of all knowledge.
• It favours attention to local practices, differences and heterogeneous language games.
• The critique is directed at totalization rather than at every limited or situated claim.
• His position does not require the rejection of all knowledge.
• It favours attention to local practices, differences and heterogeneous language games.
• The critique is directed at totalization rather than at every limited or situated claim.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
Which concept is most closely associated with Jean Baudrillard?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Jean Baudrillard is closely associated with simulation, simulacra and hyperreality.
• He examines how signs and models may no longer represent a stable underlying reality.
• In advanced media culture, representations can circulate independently and shape what is accepted as real.
• The other concepts belong to feminist criticism, Russian Formalism and reader-response theory.
• He examines how signs and models may no longer represent a stable underlying reality.
• In advanced media culture, representations can circulate independently and shape what is accepted as real.
• The other concepts belong to feminist criticism, Russian Formalism and reader-response theory.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
In Baudrillard's theory, a simulacrum is:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A simulacrum is a representation that no longer depends upon a secure or accessible original.
• It may function as if it were real even when the distinction between copy and original has collapsed.
• Baudrillard argues that contemporary culture is increasingly organized by such autonomous signs.
• The concept therefore challenges traditional assumptions about representation.
• It may function as if it were real even when the distinction between copy and original has collapsed.
• Baudrillard argues that contemporary culture is increasingly organized by such autonomous signs.
• The concept therefore challenges traditional assumptions about representation.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
What does Baudrillard mean by hyperreality?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Hyperreality describes a condition in which signs, images and models become more convincing than the reality they supposedly represent.
• The distinction between real and simulated becomes difficult or impossible to maintain.
• Advertising, digital media and themed environments can contribute to hyperreal experience.
• Hyperreality is not simply detailed realism or complete fictional isolation.
• The distinction between real and simulated becomes difficult or impossible to maintain.
• Advertising, digital media and themed environments can contribute to hyperreal experience.
• Hyperreality is not simply detailed realism or complete fictional isolation.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
Which work is most directly associated with Baudrillard's discussion of simulacra and hyperreality?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Simulacra and Simulation is Baudrillard's major work on signs, simulation and hyperreality.
• It examines the collapse of distinctions among representation, model and reality.
• The Postmodern Condition is by Lyotard.
• The Political Unconscious is by Fredric Jameson, while The Poetics of Space is by Gaston Bachelard.
• It examines the collapse of distinctions among representation, model and reality.
• The Postmodern Condition is by Lyotard.
• The Political Unconscious is by Fredric Jameson, while The Poetics of Space is by Gaston Bachelard.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
Fredric Jameson interprets postmodernism primarily as:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Jameson describes postmodernism as the cultural logic of late capitalism.
• He connects postmodern forms with multinational capital, consumer culture, media expansion and commodification.
• Postmodern culture is therefore historically related to a particular phase of capitalism.
• Jameson does not treat it as independent of material and economic conditions.
• He connects postmodern forms with multinational capital, consumer culture, media expansion and commodification.
• Postmodern culture is therefore historically related to a particular phase of capitalism.
• Jameson does not treat it as independent of material and economic conditions.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
Which feature does Jameson most closely associate with postmodern pastiche?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Jameson describes pastiche as the imitation or recycling of earlier styles without the critical or satirical force traditionally associated with parody.
• Postmodern culture may combine styles from different periods as available aesthetic codes.
• This practice reflects a changed relation to history and cultural memory.
• Pastiche is therefore not defined by realism or direct moral condemnation.
• Postmodern culture may combine styles from different periods as available aesthetic codes.
• This practice reflects a changed relation to history and cultural memory.
• Pastiche is therefore not defined by realism or direct moral condemnation.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
According to Jameson, the prominence of pastiche in postmodern culture is connected with:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Jameson connects pastiche with the weakening of historical consciousness in postmodernity.
• Past styles may be consumed as images without sustained understanding of their historical conditions.
• Cultural production repeatedly recycles recognizable surfaces and aesthetic codes.
• This process is connected with consumer culture and the commodification of history.
• Past styles may be consumed as images without sustained understanding of their historical conditions.
• Cultural production repeatedly recycles recognizable surfaces and aesthetic codes.
• This process is connected with consumer culture and the commodification of history.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
Which concept is most closely associated with Linda Hutcheon?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Linda Hutcheon developed the influential concept of historiographic metafiction.
• It describes self-reflexive fiction that engages with historical events and questions how historical knowledge is constructed.
• Such works combine historical reference with awareness of narrative mediation.
• The other concepts belong to Lacan, Marx and Jauss.
• It describes self-reflexive fiction that engages with historical events and questions how historical knowledge is constructed.
• Such works combine historical reference with awareness of narrative mediation.
• The other concepts belong to Lacan, Marx and Jauss.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
Historiographic metafiction is best defined as fiction that:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Historiographic metafiction refers to novels that represent history while exposing the narrative procedures used to construct it.
• Such works may use invented documents, multiple perspectives and self-reflexive narrators.
• They do not deny that historical events occurred.
• Instead, they question claims that the past can be represented without mediation or interpretation.
• Such works may use invented documents, multiple perspectives and self-reflexive narrators.
• They do not deny that historical events occurred.
• Instead, they question claims that the past can be represented without mediation or interpretation.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
How does Hutcheon generally understand postmodern parody?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Hutcheon treats parody as repetition with critical difference.
• A postmodern work may reuse an earlier form while exposing, revising or questioning its assumptions.
• Parody therefore combines continuity with transformation.
• Unlike simple imitation, it creates interpretive distance from the borrowed form.
• A postmodern work may reuse an earlier form while exposing, revising or questioning its assumptions.
• Parody therefore combines continuity with transformation.
• Unlike simple imitation, it creates interpretive distance from the borrowed form.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
Which statement best describes fragmentation in postmodern literature?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Fragmentation disrupts the expectation of a single, unified and continuous narrative.
• Postmodern texts may use discontinuous chronology, multiple voices, incomplete episodes and contradictory versions.
• Such formal disruption may question stable identity, history and representation.
• Fragmentation frequently works together with intertextuality rather than eliminating it.
• Postmodern texts may use discontinuous chronology, multiple voices, incomplete episodes and contradictory versions.
• Such formal disruption may question stable identity, history and representation.
• Fragmentation frequently works together with intertextuality rather than eliminating it.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
Intertextuality in postmodern writing most directly emphasizes that:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Intertextuality emphasizes that texts are connected with earlier writings, genres, quotations and cultural codes.
• Postmodern works often foreground these connections through allusion, rewriting, parody and pastiche.
• This practice challenges the ideal of the completely original and self-contained work.
• Meaning emerges through transformation and difference within textual networks.
• Postmodern works often foreground these connections through allusion, rewriting, parody and pastiche.
• This practice challenges the ideal of the completely original and self-contained work.
• Meaning emerges through transformation and difference within textual networks.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
Consider the following statements.
Statement I: Lyotard questions universal narratives that claim to legitimize knowledge.
Statement II: Baudrillard argues that signs may circulate without a stable relation to an original reality.
Statement I: Lyotard questions universal narratives that claim to legitimize knowledge.
Statement II: Baudrillard argues that signs may circulate without a stable relation to an original reality.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement I is correct because Lyotard associates postmodernism with scepticism toward metanarratives.
• Statement II is correct because Baudrillard's simulacra may function without secure original referents.
• Both theories question traditional sources of certainty and representation.
• Therefore, both statements are correct.
• Statement II is correct because Baudrillard's simulacra may function without secure original referents.
• Both theories question traditional sources of certainty and representation.
• Therefore, both statements are correct.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
Assertion: Historiographic metafiction is both historically engaged and self-reflexive.
Reason: It represents past events while drawing attention to the narrative conventions through which history is written.
Reason: It represents past events while drawing attention to the narrative conventions through which history is written.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The Assertion is correct because historiographic metafiction engages with historical material and questions its representation.
• The Reason is correct because these works foreground narrative selection, perspective and textual construction.
• This simultaneous engagement and self-questioning defines the form.
• Therefore, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
• The Reason is correct because these works foreground narrative selection, perspective and textual construction.
• This simultaneous engagement and self-questioning defines the form.
• Therefore, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
Match List I with List II.
List I
1. Jean-François Lyotard
2. Jean Baudrillard
3. Fredric Jameson
4. Linda Hutcheon
List II
I. Historiographic metafiction
II. Incredulity toward metanarratives
III. Simulation and hyperreality
IV. Cultural logic of late capitalism
List I
1. Jean-François Lyotard
2. Jean Baudrillard
3. Fredric Jameson
4. Linda Hutcheon
List II
I. Historiographic metafiction
II. Incredulity toward metanarratives
III. Simulation and hyperreality
IV. Cultural logic of late capitalism
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Lyotard matches II because he defines postmodernism through incredulity toward metanarratives.
• Baudrillard matches III because he theorizes simulation and hyperreality.
• Jameson matches IV because he identifies postmodernism as the cultural logic of late capitalism.
• Hutcheon matches I because she develops the concept of historiographic metafiction.
• Therefore, the correct code is 1-II, 2-III, 3-IV, 4-I.
• Baudrillard matches III because he theorizes simulation and hyperreality.
• Jameson matches IV because he identifies postmodernism as the cultural logic of late capitalism.
• Hutcheon matches I because she develops the concept of historiographic metafiction.
• Therefore, the correct code is 1-II, 2-III, 3-IV, 4-I.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Historiographic metafiction is associated with Linda Hutcheon, not Fredric Jameson.
• Jameson is associated with late capitalism, pastiche and the postmodern weakening of historical depth.
• Lyotard is correctly matched with metanarratives.
• Baudrillard and Hutcheon are correctly matched with simulation and parody.
• Jameson is associated with late capitalism, pastiche and the postmodern weakening of historical depth.
• Lyotard is correctly matched with metanarratives.
• Baudrillard and Hutcheon are correctly matched with simulation and parody.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
Which of the following statements are correct?
1. Lyotard questions totalizing explanations of history and knowledge.
2. Hyperreality preserves a clear distinction between simulation and reality.
3. Jameson connects postmodern culture with late capitalism.
4. Hutcheon treats parody as repetition with critical difference.
1. Lyotard questions totalizing explanations of history and knowledge.
2. Hyperreality preserves a clear distinction between simulation and reality.
3. Jameson connects postmodern culture with late capitalism.
4. Hutcheon treats parody as repetition with critical difference.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct because Lyotard questions universal metanarratives.
• Statement 2 is incorrect because hyperreality involves the collapse or destabilization of the distinction between simulation and reality.
• Statement 3 is correct because Jameson interprets postmodernism through late capitalism.
• Statement 4 is correct because Hutcheon defines parody through repetition and difference.
• Therefore, statements 1, 3 and 4 only are correct.
• Statement 2 is incorrect because hyperreality involves the collapse or destabilization of the distinction between simulation and reality.
• Statement 3 is correct because Jameson interprets postmodernism through late capitalism.
• Statement 4 is correct because Hutcheon defines parody through repetition and difference.
• Therefore, statements 1, 3 and 4 only are correct.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
A theme park creates an idealized historical town that visitors experience as more authentic than surviving historical places. Which concept best explains this condition?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The theme park produces a carefully designed simulation of historical reality.
• Visitors may experience the model as more coherent and convincing than complex historical places.
• Baudrillard's hyperreality describes this dominance of simulation over an uncertain underlying reality.
• The concept is especially relevant to consumer environments and media culture.
• Visitors may experience the model as more coherent and convincing than complex historical places.
• Baudrillard's hyperreality describes this dominance of simulation over an uncertain underlying reality.
• The concept is especially relevant to consumer environments and media culture.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
A novel combines detective fiction, medieval romance, science fiction and advertising slogans without clearly privileging any one style. Which postmodern feature is most evident?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The novel combines and recycles multiple genres and cultural styles.
• This stylistic mixture exemplifies pastiche.
• Its use of recognizable literary and commercial codes also demonstrates intertextuality.
• The text refuses a unified stylistic hierarchy and instead foregrounds plurality.
• This stylistic mixture exemplifies pastiche.
• Its use of recognizable literary and commercial codes also demonstrates intertextuality.
• The text refuses a unified stylistic hierarchy and instead foregrounds plurality.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
A historical novel includes invented archives, an unreliable historian and comments on its own use of evidence. Which form does it most clearly exemplify?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The novel engages with historical materials while exposing its own methods of construction.
• Invented archives and an unreliable historian question the apparent neutrality of historical evidence.
• Self-commentary foregrounds the narrative mediation of the past.
• These features are characteristic of Hutcheon's historiographic metafiction.
• Invented archives and an unreliable historian question the apparent neutrality of historical evidence.
• Self-commentary foregrounds the narrative mediation of the past.
• These features are characteristic of Hutcheon's historiographic metafiction.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
Which sequence gives the correct chronological order of the first publication of the following works?
1. The Postmodern Condition
2. Simulacra and Simulation
3. A Poetics of Postmodernism
4. Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism
1. The Postmodern Condition
2. Simulacra and Simulation
3. A Poetics of Postmodernism
4. Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The Postmodern Condition was first published in French in 1979.
• Simulacra and Simulation appeared in French in 1981.
• A Poetics of Postmodernism was published in 1988.
• Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism appeared as a book in 1991.
• Therefore, the correct chronological sequence is 1, 2, 3, 4.
• Simulacra and Simulation appeared in French in 1981.
• A Poetics of Postmodernism was published in 1988.
• Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism appeared as a book in 1991.
• Therefore, the correct chronological sequence is 1, 2, 3, 4.
వివరణ:
Question 26
ప్రశ్న 26
Which statement best summarizes postmodernism as represented by Lyotard, Baudrillard, Jameson and Hutcheon?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Lyotard questions universal metanarratives and emphasizes heterogeneous forms of knowledge.
• Baudrillard analyses simulation and the production of hyperreality.
• Jameson connects postmodern cultural forms with late capitalism and pastiche.
• Hutcheon studies parody and historiographic metafiction as self-reflexive engagements with culture and history.
• Baudrillard analyses simulation and the production of hyperreality.
• Jameson connects postmodern cultural forms with late capitalism and pastiche.
• Hutcheon studies parody and historiographic metafiction as self-reflexive engagements with culture and history.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: B. Jean-François Lyotard సమాధానం: B.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: A. The Postmodern Condition సమాధానం: A.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: C. A comprehensive explanatory story that claims universal authority సమాధానం: C.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: D. Suspicion toward totalizing systems that claim to legitimize all knowledge సమాధానం: D.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: A. Simulation సమాధానం: A.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: B. A sign or image that may circulate without a stable original referent సమాధానం: B.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: C. A condition in which simulations become more compelling than any underlying reality సమాధానం: C.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: D. Simulacra and Simulation సమాధానం: D.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: B. The cultural logic of late capitalism సమాధానం: B.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: A. Imitation of earlier styles without a strong satirical impulse సమాధానం: A.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: C. The weakening of historical depth and the recycling of styles సమాధానం: C.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: D. Historiographic metafiction సమాధానం: D.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: A. Combines historical representation with self-conscious reflection on the writing of history సమాధానం: A.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: B. As exact imitation without transformation సమాధానం: B.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: C. It disrupts unity through discontinuity, multiple perspectives or broken narrative forms సమాధానం: C.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: D. Texts are formed through relations with earlier texts, genres and cultural codes సమాధానం: D.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: A. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct సమాధానం: A.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: C. Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion సమాధానం: C.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: B. 1-II, 2-III, 3-IV, 4-I సమాధానం: B.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: C. Jameson — historiographic metafiction సమాధానం: C.
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Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: A. 1, 3 and 4 only సమాధానం: A.
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Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: B. Hyperreality సమాధానం: B.
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Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: C. Pastiche and intertextuality సమాధానం: C.
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Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: D. Historiographic metafiction సమాధానం: D.
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Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: D. 1, 2, 3, 4 సమాధానం: D.
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Question 26 ప్రశ్న 26Answer: B. It examines fragmented meaning, simulation, late capitalist culture and self-conscious historical representation సమాధానం: B.