Please keep at least one language enabled. || కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
Claude Lévi-Strauss is most closely associated with which intellectual approach?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Claude Lévi-Strauss developed structural anthropology by adapting structuralist principles to cultural phenomena.
• He examined kinship, myth and classification as systems governed by underlying relations.
• Phenomenology and reader-response criticism focus on different questions of experience and interpretation.
• Structural anthropology seeks recurrent patterns beneath diverse cultural practices.
• He examined kinship, myth and classification as systems governed by underlying relations.
• Phenomenology and reader-response criticism focus on different questions of experience and interpretation.
• Structural anthropology seeks recurrent patterns beneath diverse cultural practices.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
What is the central aim of structural anthropology?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Structural anthropology seeks the hidden relational systems that organize apparently diverse customs and beliefs.
• Lévi-Strauss treats cultural phenomena as structured systems rather than isolated facts.
• The method does not rank cultures as higher or lower stages of evolution.
• It also does not reduce every cultural form to individual intention or economics.
• Lévi-Strauss treats cultural phenomena as structured systems rather than isolated facts.
• The method does not rank cultures as higher or lower stages of evolution.
• It also does not reduce every cultural form to individual intention or economics.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
In Lévi-Strauss's analysis, myths are best understood as:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Lévi-Strauss views myths as transformations of underlying relations and oppositions.
• Different versions of a myth may vary on the surface while preserving structural correspondences.
• Myths are not treated merely as factual records or private inventions.
• Their meaning emerges from relations among constituent units.
• Different versions of a myth may vary on the surface while preserving structural correspondences.
• Myths are not treated merely as factual records or private inventions.
• Their meaning emerges from relations among constituent units.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
Which opposition is especially important in Lévi-Strauss's account of culture?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The opposition between nature and culture is central to Lévi-Strauss's anthropology.
• Nature refers broadly to what appears universal or given, while culture involves rules, classifications and social institutions.
• The incest prohibition is significant because it appears to connect natural universality with cultural regulation.
• The other pairs may matter in theory but are not his central anthropological opposition.
• Nature refers broadly to what appears universal or given, while culture involves rules, classifications and social institutions.
• The incest prohibition is significant because it appears to connect natural universality with cultural regulation.
• The other pairs may matter in theory but are not his central anthropological opposition.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
What did Lévi-Strauss primarily investigate through the structural study of kinship?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Lévi-Strauss studies kinship as a system of relations governed by rules of marriage, descent and exchange.
• He emphasizes the exchange of spouses and the structure of alliances among groups.
• His concern is not biological personality or genealogical chronology.
• Kinship terms gain meaning through their positions within the total system.
• He emphasizes the exchange of spouses and the structure of alliances among groups.
• His concern is not biological personality or genealogical chronology.
• Kinship terms gain meaning through their positions within the total system.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
Which statement best describes the role of binary oppositions in structuralist anthropology?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Binary oppositions are contrastive pairs such as raw and cooked or nature and culture.
• Lévi-Strauss argues that human thought frequently organizes experience through such differences.
• Structural analysis examines how cultures mediate or transform these oppositions.
• Binary opposition does not imply that every social system has only two groups.
• Lévi-Strauss argues that human thought frequently organizes experience through such differences.
• Structural analysis examines how cultures mediate or transform these oppositions.
• Binary opposition does not imply that every social system has only two groups.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
The basic constituent units into which Lévi-Strauss divides myths are commonly called:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Mythemes are the minimal relational units used in Lévi-Strauss's structural analysis of myth.
• The term is modeled on linguistic units such as phonemes and morphemes.
• A mytheme acquires significance through its relation to other mythemes.
• Structural analysis therefore studies patterns of combination and opposition among these units.
• The term is modeled on linguistic units such as phonemes and morphemes.
• A mytheme acquires significance through its relation to other mythemes.
• Structural analysis therefore studies patterns of combination and opposition among these units.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
Which work by Lévi-Strauss is especially associated with the structural analysis of myth?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The Raw and the Cooked is the first volume of Lévi-Strauss's Mythologiques series.
• It examines transformations among Indigenous American myths through structural relations.
• Mythologies is by Roland Barthes, while The Archaeology of Knowledge is by Michel Foucault.
• The Elementary Structures of Kinship focuses primarily on kinship systems.
• It examines transformations among Indigenous American myths through structural relations.
• Mythologies is by Roland Barthes, while The Archaeology of Knowledge is by Michel Foucault.
• The Elementary Structures of Kinship focuses primarily on kinship systems.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
According to Lévi-Strauss, surface differences among cultural practices may conceal:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Structural anthropology distinguishes observable surface variation from deeper relational organization.
• Different societies may express comparable structural principles through different customs.
• The claim concerns patterns of relation rather than identical histories or moral rules.
• This approach parallels structural linguistics, where elements gain value through a system.
• Different societies may express comparable structural principles through different customs.
• The claim concerns patterns of relation rather than identical histories or moral rules.
• This approach parallels structural linguistics, where elements gain value through a system.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
Which methodological influence is most evident in Lévi-Strauss's anthropology?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Lévi-Strauss adapts insights from Saussurean linguistics to the study of culture.
• He treats kinship and myth as relational systems comparable to language.
• Meaning arises from differences, combinations and transformations within a structure.
• His method is therefore not based primarily on Romanticism or existentialism.
• He treats kinship and myth as relational systems comparable to language.
• Meaning arises from differences, combinations and transformations within a structure.
• His method is therefore not based primarily on Romanticism or existentialism.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
Consider the following statements.
Statement I: Lévi-Strauss treats kinship terms as elements whose meanings depend on relations within a system.
Statement II: He explains kinship entirely as a collection of independent biological facts.
Statement I: Lévi-Strauss treats kinship terms as elements whose meanings depend on relations within a system.
Statement II: He explains kinship entirely as a collection of independent biological facts.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement I is correct because structural anthropology defines kinship positions relationally.
• Statement II is incorrect because Lévi-Strauss emphasizes cultural rules, alliance and exchange rather than isolated biological facts.
• Biological relations may be relevant, but their social meaning is structurally organized.
• Therefore, option C correctly evaluates the statements.
• Statement II is incorrect because Lévi-Strauss emphasizes cultural rules, alliance and exchange rather than isolated biological facts.
• Biological relations may be relevant, but their social meaning is structurally organized.
• Therefore, option C correctly evaluates the statements.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
Assertion: Different versions of a myth can be structurally related even when their plots differ.
Reason: Structural analysis studies transformations among relations rather than relying only on surface similarity.
Reason: Structural analysis studies transformations among relations rather than relying only on surface similarity.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The Assertion is correct because myths may vary greatly in characters and events while retaining comparable structural relations.
• The Reason is correct because Lévi-Strauss focuses on transformations of oppositions and functions.
• This method explains why surface dissimilarity does not prevent structural correspondence.
• Therefore, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
• The Reason is correct because Lévi-Strauss focuses on transformations of oppositions and functions.
• This method explains why surface dissimilarity does not prevent structural correspondence.
• Therefore, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
Match List I with List II.
List I
1. Mytheme
2. Binary opposition
3. Kinship structure
4. Transformation
List II
I. Relational organization of descent and alliance
II. Minimal structural unit of myth
III. Change that preserves structural correspondence
IV. Contrastive pair organizing meaning
List I
1. Mytheme
2. Binary opposition
3. Kinship structure
4. Transformation
List II
I. Relational organization of descent and alliance
II. Minimal structural unit of myth
III. Change that preserves structural correspondence
IV. Contrastive pair organizing meaning
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Mytheme matches II because it is a minimal relational unit in myth analysis.
• Binary opposition matches IV because it is a contrastive pair that organizes meaning.
• Kinship structure matches I because it concerns patterned relations of descent, marriage and alliance.
• Transformation matches III because one mythic structure can be altered while preserving relational correspondences.
• Therefore, the correct code is 1-II, 2-IV, 3-I, 4-III.
• Binary opposition matches IV because it is a contrastive pair that organizes meaning.
• Kinship structure matches I because it concerns patterned relations of descent, marriage and alliance.
• Transformation matches III because one mythic structure can be altered while preserving relational correspondences.
• Therefore, the correct code is 1-II, 2-IV, 3-I, 4-III.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Mythologies was written by Roland Barthes, not Claude Lévi-Strauss.
• Lévi-Strauss is correctly associated with structural anthropology.
• The Raw and the Cooked belongs to his Mythologiques project.
• The Elementary Structures of Kinship examines marriage rules, exchange and alliance.
• Lévi-Strauss is correctly associated with structural anthropology.
• The Raw and the Cooked belongs to his Mythologiques project.
• The Elementary Structures of Kinship examines marriage rules, exchange and alliance.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
Which sequence best represents a structuralist procedure for analysing a myth?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Structural analysis first breaks the myth into significant units or mythemes.
• It then maps relations and binary oppositions among those units.
• Comparison of variants reveals transformations within the underlying structure.
• Authorial biography, market reception and moral summary are not the defining steps of Lévi-Strauss's method.
• It then maps relations and binary oppositions among those units.
• Comparison of variants reveals transformations within the underlying structure.
• Authorial biography, market reception and moral summary are not the defining steps of Lévi-Strauss's method.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
Which of the following best illustrates the structuralist application of anthropology to a literary narrative?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A structuralist literary analysis identifies oppositions, recurring functions and mediating terms within a narrative.
• It asks how the plot transforms relations such as nature and culture or life and death.
• The focus is on narrative organization rather than authorial psychology alone.
• Historical probability and isolated word counts do not by themselves reveal the anthropological structure.
• It asks how the plot transforms relations such as nature and culture or life and death.
• The focus is on narrative organization rather than authorial psychology alone.
• Historical probability and isolated word counts do not by themselves reveal the anthropological structure.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
Which concept most clearly explains how a myth may reconcile the opposition between life and death through an intermediate figure?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Mediation refers to the structural function of an element that links or negotiates opposing terms.
• Lévi-Strauss often examines myths as attempts to manage contradictions that cannot be directly resolved.
• An intermediate figure may partially bridge life and death, nature and culture, or other binary pairs.
• The other terms belong to different critical traditions.
• Lévi-Strauss often examines myths as attempts to manage contradictions that cannot be directly resolved.
• An intermediate figure may partially bridge life and death, nature and culture, or other binary pairs.
• The other terms belong to different critical traditions.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
Which of the following statements are correct?
1. Structural anthropology searches for relational patterns beneath cultural phenomena.
2. Lévi-Strauss treats myths as meaningless fantasies.
3. Kinship systems can be analysed as structures of exchange.
4. Binary oppositions help organize cultural classifications.
1. Structural anthropology searches for relational patterns beneath cultural phenomena.
2. Lévi-Strauss treats myths as meaningless fantasies.
3. Kinship systems can be analysed as structures of exchange.
4. Binary oppositions help organize cultural classifications.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct because structural anthropology seeks underlying relational systems.
• Statement 2 is incorrect because Lévi-Strauss treats myths as highly organized structures of thought.
• Statement 3 is correct because kinship and marriage rules regulate alliance and exchange.
• Statement 4 is correct because binary contrasts organize cultural meaning.
• Therefore, statements 1, 3 and 4 only are correct.
• Statement 2 is incorrect because Lévi-Strauss treats myths as highly organized structures of thought.
• Statement 3 is correct because kinship and marriage rules regulate alliance and exchange.
• Statement 4 is correct because binary contrasts organize cultural meaning.
• Therefore, statements 1, 3 and 4 only are correct.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
Why is the incest prohibition theoretically significant in Lévi-Strauss's discussion of nature and culture?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The incest prohibition appears widely across human societies, giving it a universal dimension.
• Yet each society defines prohibited and permitted relations through cultural rules.
• It therefore marks a complex threshold between nature and culture.
• Lévi-Strauss links exogamy and marriage exchange to the formation of social alliances.
• Yet each society defines prohibited and permitted relations through cultural rules.
• It therefore marks a complex threshold between nature and culture.
• Lévi-Strauss links exogamy and marriage exchange to the formation of social alliances.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
Which pair forms a characteristic Lévi-Straussian binary opposition?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Raw and cooked is a major opposition in Lévi-Strauss's analysis of myth and cultural classification.
• Cooking mediates between nature and culture by transforming natural substances through cultural practice.
• Competence and performance is associated with Noam Chomsky.
• The other pairs belong to different theoretical frameworks.
• Cooking mediates between nature and culture by transforming natural substances through cultural practice.
• Competence and performance is associated with Noam Chomsky.
• The other pairs belong to different theoretical frameworks.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
Consider the following statements.
Statement I: Structuralist anthropology gives priority to relations among elements over the isolated properties of elements.
Statement II: It assumes that cultural meaning is produced without any system of differences.
Statement I: Structuralist anthropology gives priority to relations among elements over the isolated properties of elements.
Statement II: It assumes that cultural meaning is produced without any system of differences.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement I is correct because structuralism defines units through their positions and relations within a system.
• Statement II is incorrect because differences and oppositions are central to the production of meaning.
• Cultural elements do not possess fully independent meanings in this approach.
• Therefore, option C is correct.
• Statement II is incorrect because differences and oppositions are central to the production of meaning.
• Cultural elements do not possess fully independent meanings in this approach.
• Therefore, option C is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
Assertion: Lévi-Strauss compares cultural systems to language.
Reason: Both may be analysed as networks in which elements acquire value through relations and differences.
Reason: Both may be analysed as networks in which elements acquire value through relations and differences.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The Assertion is correct because Lévi-Strauss applies linguistic structuralism to kinship, myth and classification.
• The Reason is correct because signs and cultural units gain significance from their relational positions.
• This shared systemic principle explains the comparison between culture and language.
• Therefore, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
• The Reason is correct because signs and cultural units gain significance from their relational positions.
• This shared systemic principle explains the comparison between culture and language.
• Therefore, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
Which option best distinguishes structural explanation from historical explanation?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Structural explanation identifies the relations that organize a system at a given analytical level.
• Historical explanation traces origins, succession and change across time.
• Lévi-Strauss often prioritizes structural relations without claiming that history is meaningless.
• The distinction resembles the contrast between synchronic and diachronic analysis.
• Historical explanation traces origins, succession and change across time.
• Lévi-Strauss often prioritizes structural relations without claiming that history is meaningless.
• The distinction resembles the contrast between synchronic and diachronic analysis.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
A literary critic compares several folktales and finds that each transforms the pattern prohibition, violation, crisis and restored order. This method is closest to:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The critic identifies a recurring relational pattern across different narratives.
• Structuralist comparison studies functions, oppositions and transformations rather than surface details alone.
• The sequence can vary in content while retaining an underlying structure.
• Biographical or impressionistic approaches would ask different questions.
• Structuralist comparison studies functions, oppositions and transformations rather than surface details alone.
• The sequence can vary in content while retaining an underlying structure.
• Biographical or impressionistic approaches would ask different questions.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
Which statement best summarizes the significance of Lévi-Strauss for literary theory?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Lévi-Strauss demonstrated that myths and narratives can be studied as structured systems of relations.
• His work encouraged literary theorists to analyse oppositions, codes, transformations and recurrent narrative patterns.
• He did not dismiss myth as merely inferior or irrational thought.
• His comparison between linguistic and cultural systems was foundational to structuralism.
• His work encouraged literary theorists to analyse oppositions, codes, transformations and recurrent narrative patterns.
• He did not dismiss myth as merely inferior or irrational thought.
• His comparison between linguistic and cultural systems was foundational to structuralism.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: B. Structural anthropology సమాధానం: B.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: C. To identify underlying structures that organize cultural practices సమాధానం: C.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: D. Transformations of underlying structural relations సమాధానం: D.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: A. Nature and culture సమాధానం: A.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: B. The unconscious rules governing systems of marriage and exchange సమాధానం: B.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: D. They reveal contrastive categories through which cultures organize meaning సమాధానం: D.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: C. Mythemes సమాధానం: C.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: B. The Raw and the Cooked సమాధానం: B.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: B. Common underlying structures సమాధానం: B.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: D. Saussurean structural linguistics సమాధానం: D.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: C. Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect సమాధానం: C.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: A. Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion సమాధానం: A.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: A. 1-II, 2-IV, 3-I, 4-III సమాధానం: A.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: D. Mythologies — Claude Lévi-Strauss సమాధానం: D.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: D. Identify units, map relations, detect oppositions, compare transformations సమాధానం: D.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: B. Studying how paired oppositions and mediating figures organize the plot సమాధానం: B.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: D. Mediation సమాధానం: D.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: C. 1, 3 and 4 only సమాధానం: C.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: B. It appears universal yet operates through culturally specific rules సమాధానం: B.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: A. Raw and cooked సమాధానం: A.
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Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: C. Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect సమాధానం: C.
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Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: A. Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion సమాధానం: A.
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Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: A. Structural explanation studies relations within a system, while historical explanation traces development through time సమాధానం: A.
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Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: B. Structuralist comparison of narrative relations సమాధానం: B.
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Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: C. He showed how narratives can be analysed as transformations of underlying cultural structures సమాధానం: C.