Please keep at least one language enabled. / కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
Who proposed the influential Three Circles Model of World Englishes?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Braj B. Kachru proposed the influential Three Circles Model of World Englishes.
• The model classifies the global spread and functions of English into Inner, Outer and Expanding Circles.
• Kachru's work challenged the assumption that only British and American English could provide legitimate standards.
• The model is especially important for understanding institutionalised varieties such as Indian English.
• The model classifies the global spread and functions of English into Inner, Outer and Expanding Circles.
• Kachru's work challenged the assumption that only British and American English could provide legitimate standards.
• The model is especially important for understanding institutionalised varieties such as Indian English.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
What does the term World Englishes primarily emphasise?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• World Englishes emphasises the plurality of English varieties used in different cultural and linguistic settings.
• It recognises that English develops local vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation and discourse conventions.
• The approach questions the exclusive ownership of English by historically native-speaking communities.
• It does not deny the need for intelligibility across varieties.
• It recognises that English develops local vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation and discourse conventions.
• The approach questions the exclusive ownership of English by historically native-speaking communities.
• It does not deny the need for intelligibility across varieties.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
Which country is conventionally placed in Kachru's Inner Circle?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Australia is conventionally placed in the Inner Circle.
• Inner Circle countries are historically associated with English as a primary native language and a major language of social institutions.
• India and Nigeria belong to the Outer Circle because English has important institutional functions shaped by colonial history.
• Japan is conventionally placed in the Expanding Circle.
• Inner Circle countries are historically associated with English as a primary native language and a major language of social institutions.
• India and Nigeria belong to the Outer Circle because English has important institutional functions shaped by colonial history.
• Japan is conventionally placed in the Expanding Circle.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
Which country is conventionally classified as part of the Outer Circle?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• India is conventionally classified as an Outer Circle country.
• English has a long institutional history in Indian administration, education, law, media and literature.
• The United Kingdom and New Zealand belong to the Inner Circle.
• China is usually placed in the Expanding Circle.
• English has a long institutional history in Indian administration, education, law, media and literature.
• The United Kingdom and New Zealand belong to the Inner Circle.
• China is usually placed in the Expanding Circle.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
Which country is conventionally associated with the Expanding Circle?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Japan is conventionally placed in the Expanding Circle.
• In Expanding Circle contexts, English has generally been learned as an additional or foreign language for international communication.
• Singapore and Nigeria are usually placed in the Outer Circle.
• Canada belongs to the Inner Circle.
• In Expanding Circle contexts, English has generally been learned as an additional or foreign language for international communication.
• Singapore and Nigeria are usually placed in the Outer Circle.
• Canada belongs to the Inner Circle.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
What is an institutionalised variety of English?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• An institutionalised variety has established functions in important domains such as education, administration, law, media and literature.
• It develops regular local features rather than remaining a temporary learner variety.
• Indian English is a major example of an institutionalised variety.
• Institutionalisation does not require the absence of regional or first-language influence.
• It develops regular local features rather than remaining a temporary learner variety.
• Indian English is a major example of an institutionalised variety.
• Institutionalisation does not require the absence of regional or first-language influence.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
Which description is traditionally associated with Inner Circle varieties in Kachru's model?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Inner Circle varieties are traditionally described as norm-providing.
• Historically influential standards such as British and American English originated in these settings.
• Outer Circle varieties are described as norm-developing because they adapt English to local contexts.
• Expanding Circle varieties have often been described as norm-dependent.
• Historically influential standards such as British and American English originated in these settings.
• Outer Circle varieties are described as norm-developing because they adapt English to local contexts.
• Expanding Circle varieties have often been described as norm-dependent.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
Which relationship is correctly matched?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Outer Circle varieties are traditionally described as norm-developing.
• These varieties develop local conventions suited to their cultural and institutional environments.
• Inner Circle varieties are conventionally labelled norm-providing.
• Expanding Circle varieties have traditionally been described as norm-dependent, although this classification has been criticised.
• These varieties develop local conventions suited to their cultural and institutional environments.
• Inner Circle varieties are conventionally labelled norm-providing.
• Expanding Circle varieties have traditionally been described as norm-dependent, although this classification has been criticised.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
Which idea is central to Kachru's discussion of the ownership of English?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Kachru challenged the belief that English belongs only to historically native-speaking communities.
• Communities that use English in sustained social and institutional contexts participate in shaping the language.
• Local innovations may express cultural meanings that older standards do not adequately represent.
• Ownership therefore involves actual use, creativity and communicative function.
• Communities that use English in sustained social and institutional contexts participate in shaping the language.
• Local innovations may express cultural meanings that older standards do not adequately represent.
• Ownership therefore involves actual use, creativity and communicative function.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
In World Englishes scholarship, intelligibility most directly refers to what?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Intelligibility concerns whether listeners can recognise and understand a speaker's linguistic message.
• It does not require complete imitation of British or American pronunciation.
• Familiarity, context, accommodation and shared vocabulary can all affect intelligibility.
• World Englishes scholarship often treats successful communication as more important than conformity to one native-speaker norm.
• It does not require complete imitation of British or American pronunciation.
• Familiarity, context, accommodation and shared vocabulary can all affect intelligibility.
• World Englishes scholarship often treats successful communication as more important than conformity to one native-speaker norm.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
What does it mean to describe English as a pluricentric language?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A pluricentric language has more than one recognised centre of norms and standardisation.
• English has developed established national and regional varieties across many societies.
• British and American English are influential, but they are not the only sources of legitimate usage.
• The concept supports recognition of varieties such as Indian, Singaporean and Nigerian English.
• English has developed established national and regional varieties across many societies.
• British and American English are influential, but they are not the only sources of legitimate usage.
• The concept supports recognition of varieties such as Indian, Singaporean and Nigerian English.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
Which statement best distinguishes the Outer Circle from the Expanding Circle in Kachru's model?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• In the Outer Circle, English commonly performs important intranational functions in administration, education, law and media.
• In the Expanding Circle, English has traditionally been learned mainly for international communication and access to global knowledge.
• The distinction is historical and functional rather than a simple measure of proficiency.
• Contemporary globalisation has made the boundary between the circles less clear.
• In the Expanding Circle, English has traditionally been learned mainly for international communication and access to global knowledge.
• The distinction is historical and functional rather than a simple measure of proficiency.
• Contemporary globalisation has made the boundary between the circles less clear.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
Consider the following statements.
Statement I: Indian English is generally classified as an institutionalised Outer Circle variety.
Statement II: Indian English has developed local features in pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar and discourse.
Statement I: Indian English is generally classified as an institutionalised Outer Circle variety.
Statement II: Indian English has developed local features in pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar and discourse.
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement I is correct because English has long-established institutional functions in India.
• Statement II is correct because Indian English has developed identifiable local linguistic and cultural features.
• These features result from multilingual contact, institutional use and local communicative needs.
• Therefore, both statements are correct.
• Statement II is correct because Indian English has developed identifiable local linguistic and cultural features.
• These features result from multilingual contact, institutional use and local communicative needs.
• Therefore, both statements are correct.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
Which of the following statements are correct?
1. Inner Circle varieties are conventionally described as norm-providing.
2. Outer Circle varieties are conventionally described as norm-developing.
3. Expanding Circle varieties are conventionally described as norm-dependent.
4. The Three Circles Model has never been criticised.
1. Inner Circle varieties are conventionally described as norm-providing.
2. Outer Circle varieties are conventionally described as norm-developing.
3. Expanding Circle varieties are conventionally described as norm-dependent.
4. The Three Circles Model has never been criticised.
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct because Inner Circle varieties have traditionally supplied influential codified norms.
• Statement 2 is correct because Outer Circle varieties develop norms appropriate to local contexts.
• Statement 3 is correct within the traditional formulation of the model.
• Statement 4 is incorrect because scholars have criticised the model's national categories, fixed boundaries and assumptions about norms.
• Hence, the correct combination is 1, 2 and 3 only.
• Statement 2 is correct because Outer Circle varieties develop norms appropriate to local contexts.
• Statement 3 is correct within the traditional formulation of the model.
• Statement 4 is incorrect because scholars have criticised the model's national categories, fixed boundaries and assumptions about norms.
• Hence, the correct combination is 1, 2 and 3 only.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
Assertion: Indian English can be studied as a variety in its own right rather than merely as defective British English.
Reason: It has developed systematic features and established functions in Indian institutions and culture.
Reason: It has developed systematic features and established functions in Indian institutions and culture.
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The Assertion is correct because Indian English possesses regular features and a long history of local use.
• The Reason is correct because it functions in education, government, law, media, literature and everyday communication.
• Institutionalisation and systematic linguistic development justify treating it as a legitimate variety.
• The Reason therefore correctly explains the Assertion.
• The Reason is correct because it functions in education, government, law, media, literature and everyday communication.
• Institutionalisation and systematic linguistic development justify treating it as a legitimate variety.
• The Reason therefore correctly explains the Assertion.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
Match List I with List II.
List I: 1. Inner Circle 2. Outer Circle 3. Expanding Circle 4. Pluricentricity
List II: a. Multiple centres of norm development b. India and Nigeria c. United Kingdom and Australia d. Japan and China
List I: 1. Inner Circle 2. Outer Circle 3. Expanding Circle 4. Pluricentricity
List II: a. Multiple centres of norm development b. India and Nigeria c. United Kingdom and Australia d. Japan and China
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The Inner Circle is matched with the United Kingdom and Australia.
• The Outer Circle is matched with India and Nigeria.
• The Expanding Circle is matched with Japan and China.
• Pluricentricity is matched with the existence of multiple centres of norm development.
• Therefore, the correct code is 1-c, 2-b, 3-d, 4-a.
• The Outer Circle is matched with India and Nigeria.
• The Expanding Circle is matched with Japan and China.
• Pluricentricity is matched with the existence of multiple centres of norm development.
• Therefore, the correct code is 1-c, 2-b, 3-d, 4-a.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
Match List I with List II.
List I: 1. Norm-providing 2. Norm-developing 3. Norm-dependent 4. Institutionalisation
List II: a. Reliance on externally codified standards b. Established use across major social domains c. Historical production of influential standards d. Development of local conventions
List I: 1. Norm-providing 2. Norm-developing 3. Norm-dependent 4. Institutionalisation
List II: a. Reliance on externally codified standards b. Established use across major social domains c. Historical production of influential standards d. Development of local conventions
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Norm-providing is matched with the historical production of influential standards.
• Norm-developing is matched with the development of local conventions.
• Norm-dependent is matched with reliance on externally codified standards.
• Institutionalisation is matched with established use across major social domains.
• Therefore, the correct code is 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b.
• Norm-developing is matched with the development of local conventions.
• Norm-dependent is matched with reliance on externally codified standards.
• Institutionalisation is matched with established use across major social domains.
• Therefore, the correct code is 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
A country uses English extensively in courts, higher education, government and national media, although most citizens speak other languages at home. Which category best fits this situation in Kachru's model?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Extensive institutional use of English in a multilingual postcolonial society is characteristic of the Outer Circle.
• English need not be the home language of most citizens to have an institutionalised role.
• India, Nigeria and Singapore are commonly discussed as examples.
• The classification concerns historical and functional status rather than the numerical majority of native speakers.
• English need not be the home language of most citizens to have an institutionalised role.
• India, Nigeria and Singapore are commonly discussed as examples.
• The classification concerns historical and functional status rather than the numerical majority of native speakers.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
Which criticism most directly challenges the nation-based organisation of the Three Circles Model?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A major criticism is that national categories can conceal internal diversity.
• Different regions, classes and communities within one country may use English in very different ways.
• Migration, digital communication and transnational networks also cross national boundaries.
• A country cannot always be assigned a single, stable English-language identity.
• Different regions, classes and communities within one country may use English in very different ways.
• Migration, digital communication and transnational networks also cross national boundaries.
• A country cannot always be assigned a single, stable English-language identity.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
Why has the label norm-dependent been criticised when applied to the Expanding Circle?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The label norm-dependent can imply that Expanding Circle users merely follow external standards.
• In reality, such users may display high proficiency and develop local or international conventions.
• English-medium education, global business and digital communication have expanded the functions of English in many such countries.
• The criticism shows that norm relationships are more dynamic than the original labels suggest.
• In reality, such users may display high proficiency and develop local or international conventions.
• English-medium education, global business and digital communication have expanded the functions of English in many such countries.
• The criticism shows that norm relationships are more dynamic than the original labels suggest.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
Which development most clearly weakens rigid boundaries among Kachru's three circles?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Global mobility moves speakers and varieties across national boundaries.
• Digital communication enables frequent interaction among users from all three circles.
• English-medium education has expanded in countries traditionally placed in the Expanding Circle.
• These developments make the functions and norms of English more fluid than fixed circle labels suggest.
• Digital communication enables frequent interaction among users from all three circles.
• English-medium education has expanded in countries traditionally placed in the Expanding Circle.
• These developments make the functions and norms of English more fluid than fixed circle labels suggest.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
Which statement best reflects a World Englishes approach to local innovations?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• World Englishes distinguishes systematic local features from random individual mistakes.
• Forms that recur across speakers and serve recognised communicative functions may become features of a variety.
• Local vocabulary and discourse patterns can express cultural meanings effectively.
• Wider intelligibility and appropriateness still remain important in international contexts.
• Forms that recur across speakers and serve recognised communicative functions may become features of a variety.
• Local vocabulary and discourse patterns can express cultural meanings effectively.
• Wider intelligibility and appropriateness still remain important in international contexts.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
Which statement about Inner Circle varieties is most accurate?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Inner Circle varieties contain extensive regional, social and ethnic variation.
• British English includes numerous accents and dialects, as does American English.
• No Inner Circle variety is completely uniform or unaffected by contact and change.
• Recognition of this diversity challenges the assumption of one fixed native-speaker standard.
• British English includes numerous accents and dialects, as does American English.
• No Inner Circle variety is completely uniform or unaffected by contact and change.
• Recognition of this diversity challenges the assumption of one fixed native-speaker standard.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
Which principle best supports communication among speakers of different English varieties?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Mutual intelligibility is central to successful communication across varieties.
• Speakers can accommodate by adjusting speed, vocabulary, pronunciation or explanation.
• Awareness of variation reduces the tendency to treat unfamiliar forms automatically as errors.
• International communication depends on cooperation rather than exclusive conformity to one national standard.
• Speakers can accommodate by adjusting speed, vocabulary, pronunciation or explanation.
• Awareness of variation reduces the tendency to treat unfamiliar forms automatically as errors.
• International communication depends on cooperation rather than exclusive conformity to one national standard.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
Which of the following statements are correct?
1. Kachru's model combines historical and functional criteria.
2. The circles are categories of racial identity.
3. Outer Circle varieties may develop their own norms.
4. Globalisation has made some circle boundaries increasingly fluid.
1. Kachru's model combines historical and functional criteria.
2. The circles are categories of racial identity.
3. Outer Circle varieties may develop their own norms.
4. Globalisation has made some circle boundaries increasingly fluid.
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct because the model considers historical spread and present institutional functions.
• Statement 2 is incorrect because the circles are not racial classifications.
• Statement 3 is correct because Outer Circle varieties are described as norm-developing.
• Statement 4 is correct because migration, education and global communication complicate fixed boundaries.
• Hence, the correct combination is 1, 3 and 4 only.
• Statement 2 is incorrect because the circles are not racial classifications.
• Statement 3 is correct because Outer Circle varieties are described as norm-developing.
• Statement 4 is correct because migration, education and global communication complicate fixed boundaries.
• Hence, the correct combination is 1, 3 and 4 only.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: B. Braj B. Kachru సమాధానం: B.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: A. The existence of multiple legitimate varieties and uses of English across the world సమాధానం: A.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: C. Australia సమాధానం: C.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: D. India సమాధానం: D.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: B. Japan సమాధానం: B.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: C. A locally developed variety used in major institutions such as education, administration and law సమాధానం: C.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: A. Norm-providing సమాధానం: A.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: D. Outer Circle — Norm-developing సమాధానం: D.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: A. English belongs to all communities that use and reshape it for meaningful purposes సమాధానం: A.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: C. The extent to which speakers and listeners can understand one another సమాధానం: C.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: B. English has multiple centres of norm development and standardisation సమాధానం: B.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: D. English has institutionalised intranational functions in the Outer Circle but is traditionally learned mainly for wider communication in the Expanding Circle సమాధానం: D.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: B. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct సమాధానం: B.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: C. 1, 2 and 3 only సమాధానం: C.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: A. Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion సమాధానం: A.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: D. 1-c, 2-b, 3-d, 4-a సమాధానం: D.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b సమాధానం: B.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: A. Outer Circle సమాధానం: A.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: D. English use may vary greatly within one country and across transnational communities సమాధానం: D.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: B. It may underestimate local innovation, high proficiency and emerging norms సమాధానం: B.
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Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: C. Global mobility, digital communication and English-medium education సమాధానం: C.
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Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: D. Stable forms serving local communicative needs may become features of an established variety సమాధానం: D.
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Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: A. They are internally diverse and should not be treated as perfectly uniform standards సమాధానం: A.
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Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: B. Mutual intelligibility, accommodation and awareness of variation సమాధానం: B.
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Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: C. 1, 3 and 4 only సమాధానం: C.