Please keep at least one language enabled. / కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
Which European power established the earliest sustained maritime presence in India at the beginning of the modern colonial era?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The Portuguese established the earliest sustained maritime European presence in India after Vasco da Gama reached the Malabar Coast in 1498.
• They developed fortified trading centres and later made Goa the administrative centre of the Estado da Índia.
• Dutch, French and British expansion in India became significant later.
• This early Portuguese presence influenced coastal trade, missionary activity and vocabulary in several Indian languages.
• They developed fortified trading centres and later made Goa the administrative centre of the Estado da Índia.
• Dutch, French and British expansion in India became significant later.
• This early Portuguese presence influenced coastal trade, missionary activity and vocabulary in several Indian languages.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
Vasco da Gama reached the Indian port of Calicut in which year?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Vasco da Gama reached Calicut on the Malabar Coast in 1498.
• His voyage opened a direct sea route from Europe to India around the Cape of Good Hope.
• The year 1510 is associated with the Portuguese conquest of Goa.
• The years 1600 and 1615 relate respectively to the English East India Company and Sir Thomas Roe's embassy.
• His voyage opened a direct sea route from Europe to India around the Cape of Good Hope.
• The year 1510 is associated with the Portuguese conquest of Goa.
• The years 1600 and 1615 relate respectively to the English East India Company and Sir Thomas Roe's embassy.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
The English East India Company received its royal charter in 1600 from which monarch?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Queen Elizabeth I granted a royal charter to the English East India Company on 31 December 1600.
• The charter gave the company privileged rights to conduct English trade in the East Indies.
• James I later supported diplomatic efforts at the Mughal court.
• Charles II played an important role in the transfer of Bombay to the company.
• The charter gave the company privileged rights to conduct English trade in the East Indies.
• James I later supported diplomatic efforts at the Mughal court.
• Charles II played an important role in the transfer of Bombay to the company.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
After the English victory over the Portuguese in the Battle of Swally, which port became a major early western base of the English East India Company?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Surat became a major early western base of the English East India Company after the English naval success at Swally in 1612.
• The Mughal authorities permitted the English to strengthen their commercial establishment there.
• Goa was the principal Portuguese centre, Pondicherry became a major French settlement and Pulicat was associated with the Dutch.
• Surat was important for trade with the Mughal Empire and the Red Sea region.
• The Mughal authorities permitted the English to strengthen their commercial establishment there.
• Goa was the principal Portuguese centre, Pondicherry became a major French settlement and Pulicat was associated with the Dutch.
• Surat was important for trade with the Mughal Empire and the Red Sea region.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
In the vocabulary of early European commerce in India, the term factory usually referred to what?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• In early modern commercial usage, a factory was a trading post managed by factors or company agents.
• It generally included warehouses, offices and residential quarters for merchants.
• The term did not primarily mean an industrial manufacturing unit in this historical context.
• European factories were often established through agreements with local rulers.
• It generally included warehouses, offices and residential quarters for merchants.
• The term did not primarily mean an industrial manufacturing unit in this historical context.
• European factories were often established through agreements with local rulers.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
Which term was commonly used in South India for a bilingual interpreter, broker and commercial intermediary serving European settlements?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A dubash was a person who knew two languages and acted as an interpreter, broker and intermediary.
• Dubashes were especially important in South Indian port cities and European trading settlements.
• A pandit was generally a learned scholar, a qazi was a judge in Islamic law and a kotwal was an urban administrative officer.
• Dubashes helped connect European merchants with Indian rulers, traders, artisans and revenue networks.
• Dubashes were especially important in South Indian port cities and European trading settlements.
• A pandit was generally a learned scholar, a qazi was a judge in Islamic law and a kotwal was an urban administrative officer.
• Dubashes helped connect European merchants with Indian rulers, traders, artisans and revenue networks.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
Which language functioned widely as a language of high administration and diplomacy in the Mughal Empire during the early phase of English contact?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Persian was widely used in Mughal administration, court culture and diplomacy.
• Early English representatives therefore depended on Persian-knowing secretaries, munshis and interpreters.
• English had not yet become a major language of Indian administration during the seventeenth century.
• The presence of Persian shows that Europeans entered an already complex multilingual administrative world.
• Early English representatives therefore depended on Persian-knowing secretaries, munshis and interpreters.
• English had not yet become a major language of Indian administration during the seventeenth century.
• The presence of Persian shows that Europeans entered an already complex multilingual administrative world.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
The Portuguese imperial network in the Indian Ocean was commonly known as the Estado da Índia. Which city became its principal centre in India?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Goa became the principal administrative centre of the Portuguese Estado da Índia after its conquest in 1510.
• It served as a strategic base for trade, naval activity, missionary work and colonial administration.
• Madras, Bombay and Calcutta later became important British centres.
• Portuguese influence remained especially strong along parts of India's western coast.
• It served as a strategic base for trade, naval activity, missionary work and colonial administration.
• Madras, Bombay and Calcutta later became important British centres.
• Portuguese influence remained especially strong along parts of India's western coast.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
The French East India Company was founded in 1664 under the influence of which statesman?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Jean-Baptiste Colbert promoted the establishment of the French East India Company in 1664 under Louis XIV.
• The company sought to compete with Dutch and English commercial power in Asia.
• Pondicherry later emerged as its major Indian centre.
• Richelieu and Mazarin belonged to earlier phases of French statecraft, while Talleyrand was associated with a much later period.
• The company sought to compete with Dutch and English commercial power in Asia.
• Pondicherry later emerged as its major Indian centre.
• Richelieu and Mazarin belonged to earlier phases of French statecraft, while Talleyrand was associated with a much later period.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
Which European trading company was established in 1602 and became a major competitor in the Indian Ocean and Asian spice trade?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The Dutch East India Company, commonly known as the VOC, was established in 1602.
• It developed an extensive commercial network across Asia and competed strongly in the spice trade.
• In India, Dutch activity was important on the Coromandel and Malabar coasts and in Bengal.
• The English East India Company had been chartered two years earlier, in 1600.
• It developed an extensive commercial network across Asia and competed strongly in the spice trade.
• In India, Dutch activity was important on the Coromandel and Malabar coasts and in Bengal.
• The English East India Company had been chartered two years earlier, in 1600.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
Which statement correctly describes the origin of Madras as an English settlement?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The English acquired land on the Coromandel Coast in 1639 and built Fort St George in 1640.
• The settlement around the fort developed into Madras, now Chennai.
• The Portuguese royal marriage settlement concerned Bombay, not Madras.
• Pondicherry became a major French settlement, while Pulicat was an important Dutch centre.
• The settlement around the fort developed into Madras, now Chennai.
• The Portuguese royal marriage settlement concerned Bombay, not Madras.
• Pondicherry became a major French settlement, while Pulicat was an important Dutch centre.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
Which sequence correctly describes the transfer of Bombay to English control?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Bombay passed from Portuguese possession to Charles II of England in 1661 as part of the marriage settlement with Catherine of Braganza.
• The English Crown later leased Bombay to the East India Company in 1668.
• The transfer was therefore linked first to dynastic diplomacy and then to company administration.
• Bombay subsequently became a major centre of British maritime and commercial power.
• The English Crown later leased Bombay to the East India Company in 1668.
• The transfer was therefore linked first to dynastic diplomacy and then to company administration.
• Bombay subsequently became a major centre of British maritime and commercial power.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
Fort William, one of the major fortified centres of the English East India Company, was located in which city?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Fort William was located in Calcutta, now Kolkata.
• It became an important centre of English East India Company power in Bengal.
• Fort St George was in Madras, while Surat was an earlier western commercial base.
• Pondicherry was the principal French settlement in India.
• It became an important centre of English East India Company power in Bengal.
• Fort St George was in Madras, while Surat was an earlier western commercial base.
• Pondicherry was the principal French settlement in India.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
Who served as the English ambassador to the Mughal emperor Jahangir from 1615 and sought trading privileges for the English East India Company?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Sir Thomas Roe served as ambassador of James I at Jahangir's court from 1615 to 1619.
• His mission aimed to secure stable commercial privileges for the English East India Company.
• William Hawkins had approached Jahangir earlier, but Roe's embassy was more formally diplomatic.
• Robert Clive belonged to the later phase of territorial expansion in the eighteenth century.
• His mission aimed to secure stable commercial privileges for the English East India Company.
• William Hawkins had approached Jahangir earlier, but Roe's embassy was more formally diplomatic.
• Robert Clive belonged to the later phase of territorial expansion in the eighteenth century.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
Match List I with List II.
List I: 1. Goa 2. Pulicat 3. Pondicherry 4. Fort St George
List II: a. French b. Portuguese c. Dutch d. English
List I: 1. Goa 2. Pulicat 3. Pondicherry 4. Fort St George
List II: a. French b. Portuguese c. Dutch d. English
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Goa was the principal Portuguese centre in India.
• Pulicat became an important Dutch base on the Coromandel Coast.
• Pondicherry emerged as the leading French settlement in India.
• Fort St George was the fortified English centre around which Madras developed.
• Therefore, the correct code is 1-b, 2-c, 3-a, 4-d.
• Pulicat became an important Dutch base on the Coromandel Coast.
• Pondicherry emerged as the leading French settlement in India.
• Fort St George was the fortified English centre around which Madras developed.
• Therefore, the correct code is 1-b, 2-c, 3-a, 4-d.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
Arrange the following events in chronological order: 1. Chartering of the English East India Company 2. Vasco da Gama's arrival at Calicut 3. Founding of the Dutch East India Company 4. Sir Thomas Roe's embassy to Jahangir
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Vasco da Gama arrived at Calicut in 1498.
• The English East India Company was chartered in 1600.
• The Dutch East India Company was founded in 1602.
• Sir Thomas Roe began his embassy to Jahangir in 1615.
• The complete chronological sequence is 2, 1, 3, 4.
• The English East India Company was chartered in 1600.
• The Dutch East India Company was founded in 1602.
• Sir Thomas Roe began his embassy to Jahangir in 1615.
• The complete chronological sequence is 2, 1, 3, 4.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
Consider the following statements.
Statement I: Early European traders entered an India that already possessed extensive multilingual traditions.
Statement II: Persian, Arabic, Sanskrit and numerous regional languages had established religious, commercial, literary and administrative functions before the rise of English.
Statement I: Early European traders entered an India that already possessed extensive multilingual traditions.
Statement II: Persian, Arabic, Sanskrit and numerous regional languages had established religious, commercial, literary and administrative functions before the rise of English.
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement I is correct because India had long-standing multilingual practices before sustained European expansion.
• Statement II is also correct because Persian, Arabic, Sanskrit and regional languages already served specialised cultural and institutional functions.
• The arrival of European languages added new layers to this linguistic ecology rather than replacing it immediately.
• Therefore, both statements are correct.
• Statement II is also correct because Persian, Arabic, Sanskrit and regional languages already served specialised cultural and institutional functions.
• The arrival of European languages added new layers to this linguistic ecology rather than replacing it immediately.
• Therefore, both statements are correct.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
Assertion: English initially spread in India mainly through limited commercial, diplomatic and administrative networks.
Reason: During its early phase, the English East India Company was primarily a trading corporation rather than a territorial state.
Reason: During its early phase, the English East India Company was primarily a trading corporation rather than a territorial state.
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The Assertion is correct because early English use was concentrated in ports, factories, embassies and company offices.
• The Reason is correct because the East India Company's original purpose was commercial trade.
• Its limited institutional role explains why English did not immediately become a widespread language among the Indian population.
• The Reason therefore correctly explains the Assertion.
• The Reason is correct because the East India Company's original purpose was commercial trade.
• Its limited institutional role explains why English did not immediately become a widespread language among the Indian population.
• The Reason therefore correctly explains the Assertion.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
Which of the following statements about early European language contact in India are correct?
1. European traders depended heavily on Indian interpreters and brokers.
2. Portuguese influence appeared in some coastal vocabularies and contact varieties.
3. English immediately replaced Persian throughout Mughal administration in the seventeenth century.
4. European settlements often became multilingual contact zones.
1. European traders depended heavily on Indian interpreters and brokers.
2. Portuguese influence appeared in some coastal vocabularies and contact varieties.
3. English immediately replaced Persian throughout Mughal administration in the seventeenth century.
4. European settlements often became multilingual contact zones.
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct because Europeans relied on interpreters, dubashes, brokers and munshis.
• Statement 2 is correct because Portuguese contact left lexical and cultural traces in several coastal regions.
• Statement 3 is incorrect because Persian remained highly important in Mughal administration during the seventeenth century.
• Statement 4 is correct because ports and trading settlements brought together speakers of many Indian and European languages.
• Hence, the correct combination is 1, 2 and 4 only.
• Statement 2 is correct because Portuguese contact left lexical and cultural traces in several coastal regions.
• Statement 3 is incorrect because Persian remained highly important in Mughal administration during the seventeenth century.
• Statement 4 is correct because ports and trading settlements brought together speakers of many Indian and European languages.
• Hence, the correct combination is 1, 2 and 4 only.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
Which of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Goa is correctly associated with Portuguese power.
• Pondicherry is correctly associated with the French East India Company.
• Pulicat is correctly associated with the Dutch on the Coromandel Coast.
• Bombay was transferred from Portuguese to English control and became a major English East India Company centre.
• Therefore, Bombay — French is the incorrectly matched pair.
• Pondicherry is correctly associated with the French East India Company.
• Pulicat is correctly associated with the Dutch on the Coromandel Coast.
• Bombay was transferred from Portuguese to English control and became a major English East India Company centre.
• Therefore, Bombay — French is the incorrectly matched pair.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
What was the most important function of early interpreters in European settlements in India?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Early interpreters mediated communication between European officials and Indian rulers, merchants, artisans and communities.
• Their roles often included translation, brokerage, negotiation, record-keeping and commercial intelligence.
• They did not replace all Indian institutions or work only in education or military command.
• Their importance demonstrates that colonial contact depended on Indian linguistic expertise.
• Their roles often included translation, brokerage, negotiation, record-keeping and commercial intelligence.
• They did not replace all Indian institutions or work only in education or military command.
• Their importance demonstrates that colonial contact depended on Indian linguistic expertise.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
Which development best explains why early colonial port cities became multilingual contact zones?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Port cities brought together European traders, Indian merchants, sailors, artisans, labourers, officials and religious groups.
• Communication required translation, code-switching and the use of several lingua francas and regional languages.
• Regional languages did not disappear, and no single European language was immediately adopted by everyone.
• Multilingualism was therefore a practical result of commercial and social interaction.
• Communication required translation, code-switching and the use of several lingua francas and regional languages.
• Regional languages did not disappear, and no single European language was immediately adopted by everyone.
• Multilingualism was therefore a practical result of commercial and social interaction.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
Which comparison between Portuguese and early English influence in India is most accurate?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Portuguese maritime influence began after 1498, more than a century before sustained English company activity.
• English influence initially expanded through trade, factories, naval competition and diplomacy with Indian rulers.
• Both powers had strong commercial motives, although their political roles changed over time.
• Their activities were not confined to the regions named in the incorrect options.
• English influence initially expanded through trade, factories, naval competition and diplomacy with Indian rulers.
• Both powers had strong commercial motives, although their political roles changed over time.
• Their activities were not confined to the regions named in the incorrect options.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
Why did English become more institutionally entrenched in India than Portuguese, Dutch or French during the later colonial period?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• British power moved from trade to large-scale territorial rule, revenue administration and political control.
• This expansion created wider institutional uses for English in government, law, education and official communication.
• Portuguese, Dutch and French influence remained more geographically or politically limited in India.
• English was not the language of the Mughal court, and Indian regional languages continued to flourish.
• This expansion created wider institutional uses for English in government, law, education and official communication.
• Portuguese, Dutch and French influence remained more geographically or politically limited in India.
• English was not the language of the Mughal court, and Indian regional languages continued to flourish.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
Which statement best describes the linguistic character of early European contact with India?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Early European contact produced layered multilingual interaction rather than immediate linguistic replacement.
• European traders encountered Persian, regional languages, commercial lingua francas and established scholarly traditions.
• Interpreters, dubashes, munshis and brokers remained essential to communication.
• There was no single uniform language policy across the diverse political regions of India.
• European traders encountered Persian, regional languages, commercial lingua francas and established scholarly traditions.
• Interpreters, dubashes, munshis and brokers remained essential to communication.
• There was no single uniform language policy across the diverse political regions of India.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: B. The Portuguese సమాధానం: B.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: A. 1498 సమాధానం: A.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: C. Elizabeth I సమాధానం: C.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: D. Surat సమాధానం: D.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: B. A trading post or commercial settlement సమాధానం: B.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: C. Dubash సమాధానం: C.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: A. Persian సమాధానం: A.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: D. Goa సమాధానం: D.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: B. Jean-Baptiste Colbert సమాధానం: B.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: C. The Dutch East India Company సమాధానం: C.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: A. The English acquired land on the Coromandel Coast in 1639 and built Fort St George సమాధానం: A.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: D. It passed from Portugal to Charles II as part of a marriage settlement and was later leased to the East India Company సమాధానం: D.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: B. Calcutta సమాధానం: B.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: C. Sir Thomas Roe సమాధానం: C.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: A. 1-b, 2-c, 3-a, 4-d సమాధానం: A.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: D. 2, 1, 3, 4 సమాధానం: D.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: A. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct సమాధానం: A.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: A. Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion సమాధానం: A.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: C. 1, 2 and 4 only సమాధానం: C.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: D. Bombay — French సమాధానం: D.
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Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: B. They mediated language, trade, negotiation and local administration సమాధానం: B.
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Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: C. The interaction of European traders with Indian merchants, officials, labourers and intermediaries సమాధానం: C.
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Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: A. Portuguese influence began earlier, while English influence initially grew through East India Company trade and diplomacy సమాధానం: A.
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Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: D. Because British commercial power developed into extensive territorial rule and a centralised colonial administration సమాధానం: D.
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Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: B. It involved layered interaction among European languages, Persian, regional languages and specialised intermediaries సమాధానం: B.