Please keep at least one language enabled. || కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
During the layout of a two-lane non-urban highway, a designer proposes taking the right-of-way (ROW) width as exactly the paved carriageway width. Which correction is appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Right-of-way refers to the land corridor available for the road facility. It can accommodate the carriageway, shoulders, drainage, utilities and other necessary elements. It may also provide for suitable improvements and widening. Carriageway width is only the portion assigned to moving vehicles. Treating the two widths as equal could leave essential roadside facilities without space.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
Which statement correctly distinguishes carriageway, roadway width and right-of-way in a typical non-urban highway cross-section?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The carriageway carries the principal moving traffic. Roadway width includes carriageway and associated shoulders and, for divided sections, the median as applicable. Right-of-way denotes the land corridor required for the whole road facility. These dimensions serve different planning and geometric purposes. Proper distinction avoids confusion when comparing cross-sections with land acquisition plans.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
According to IRC:73-2023, what standard carriageway width is listed for a single-lane non-urban road, rather than for an intermediate or regular two-lane carriageway?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
IRC:73-2023 specifies 3.75 m as the standard single-lane carriageway width. The 5.5 m dimension denotes an intermediate carriageway that may be considered in specified circumstances. Multilane non-urban highways use a different per-lane width criterion. The standard single-lane figure should not be replaced by a historical or category-independent value. Roadway width must additionally allow for the applicable shoulders.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
A straight four-lane non-urban highway is designed with four standard 3.5 m traffic lanes under IRC:73-2023. What is the total carriageway width, excluding the median and shoulders?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Each of the four specified traffic lanes is 3.5 m wide. The total width used by these traffic lanes is four multiplied by 3.5 m. This yields 14.0 m of carriageway. The median and shoulders are explicitly excluded from the requested quantity. Overall road width will be greater once those additional elements are included.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
For a two-lane urban street with raised kerbs, which recommended total carriageway width is listed in IRC:86-2018, Table 5.5?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
IRC:86-2018 provides a two-lane raised-kerb carriageway width of 7.0 m. This corresponds to two traffic lanes of 3.5 m each. The dimension concerns vehicular carriageway space rather than the full urban right-of-way. Footpaths, cycle tracks and utility or planting zones need their own allocations. Applying an older value without identifying the applicable edition may lead to a wrong design answer.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
A two-lane non-urban highway is assigned a 7.0 m carriageway and 2.5 m total shoulder width on each side, as explicitly specified for this problem. What is its formation or roadway width if no median is provided?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The carriageway is 7.0 m wide under the stated design. One shoulder of 2.5 m is provided on each side. Roadway width is therefore 7.0 + 2.5 + 2.5 = 12.0 m. There is no median in the specified undivided section. The result should not be confused with the much wider right-of-way required for road land and other facilities.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
A heavily trafficked non-urban highway has frequent disabled vehicles and occasional edge damage. Which engineering function most directly justifies providing properly constructed shoulders?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Shoulders lie immediately alongside the main carriageway. They help support the pavement edge and may provide space for stopped or recovering vehicles. Proper shoulder geometry and surfacing can contribute to safe operation. Their crossfall must be coordinated with road drainage. A shoulder should not automatically be treated as another full-speed traffic lane.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
What is the primary purpose of a median in a divided highway cross-section?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A median separates traffic moving in opposite directions. This can reduce direct conflicts between opposing vehicles. Median width and treatment influence turning arrangements, safety provisions and glare control. Its design also needs to consider drainage and roadside or central barriers. A median is not a substitute for footpaths or for the entire right-of-way.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
For straight sections of non-urban roads under IRC:73-2023, which combination of crossfalls is specified for bituminous and cement-concrete carriageway surfaces, respectively?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
IRC:73-2023 gives a 2.5% crossfall for bituminous surfaces on straight sections. The corresponding value for cement-concrete surfaces is 2.0%. These figures also govern the stated paved elements within the scope of that provision. Crossfall allows surface runoff to drain away rather than remain on traffic lanes. The question explicitly concerns non-urban IRC guidance rather than the separate urban rainfall-dependent table.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
A 7.0 m wide undivided bituminous carriageway has a symmetric crown at its centre and a specified 2.5% crossfall on each half. What is the vertical drop from the crown to either pavement edge?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Each half of the 7.0 m carriageway extends 3.5 m from the crown. The specified crossfall is 2.5/100 = 0.025. The fall is 3.5 multiplied by 0.025 = 0.0875 m. Converting to millimetres gives 87.5 mm. The full pavement width must not be used as the horizontal run for one crowned half.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
On a residential urban street designed under IRC:86-2018, which clear pedestrian walking-zone dimensions are the stated minima before increasing width for demand?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
IRC:86-2018 provides a minimum uninterrupted pedestrian-zone width of 1.8 m for residential conditions. It also identifies a clear height of 2.2 m for that zone. Higher pedestrian volumes and different adjacent land uses can require wider space. The pedestrian zone must remain free of poles, utility boxes and similar obstacles. The clear walking width is not the same as the complete width of every footpath component.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
An urban street upgrade places utility boxes, lamp posts and tree pits inside the designated unobstructed pedestrian walking zone. Which correction follows the IRC:86-2018 footpath-zoning concept?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A footpath may include a frontage zone, a pedestrian walking zone and a multifunctional zone. The walking zone must provide uninterrupted movement for pedestrians and wheelchair users. Planting, poles and street furniture can obstruct that movement if placed incorrectly. The multifunctional area is intended to accommodate many such supporting elements. Keeping the zones distinct improves both accessibility and maintenance.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
A commercial frontage requires frequent driveway crossings of a pedestrian footpath. Which layout is most consistent with the continuous-footpath principle in IRC:86-2018?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A pedestrian route should remain continuous across ordinary property entrances. IRC:86-2018 describes the use of vehicle ramps within the footpath furniture zone. This allows vehicular access without repeatedly lowering the pedestrian walking surface. Detailed design must still address accessibility, drainage and vehicle movements. A discontinuous or obstructed walking path weakens pedestrian safety and convenience.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
According to IRC:86-2018, which minimum clear widths are specified for a segregated one-way cycle track and a two-way cycle track, respectively?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
IRC:86-2018 identifies at least 2.0 m of clear space for a one-way cycle track. Its stated two-way cycle-track minimum is 3.0 m. These widths concern cycling movement rather than the adjacent footpath. Smooth surfaces and appropriate separation from traffic are also important. Intersection treatment and drainage must be addressed in addition to the nominal track width.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
A highway authority is comparing the median treatment on a new non-urban multilane highway with that on an urban divided street. Which interpretation is consistent with the respective IRC documents?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
IRC:73-2023 addresses non-urban highway medians as depressed or flush types in its multilane guidance. It does not adopt raised kerbed medians as the normal treatment for those highway sections. Urban streets are governed by different design considerations under IRC:86-2018. Urban median and pedestrian-refuge arrangements can incorporate raised elements where appropriate. Mixing the two design contexts can lead to incorrect selection of median geometry.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
A street designer must choose kerb types near a busy footpath and at a low-speed channelizing island. Which selection most closely follows IRC:86-2018?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Kerbs define roadway edges and can guide traffic or drainage. Barrier-type kerbs are suited to built-up edges with considerable pedestrian activity. Mountable kerbs are used in appropriate channelization and median applications. Kerb selection must match the intended vehicle movements and pedestrian environment. Drainage-edge kerbs should also be coordinated with suitable gutters.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
A new kerbed urban street carries stormwater toward its outer pavement edges. Which cross-sectional design provision most directly helps collect and convey this runoff without leaving water across the running lanes?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Camber or crossfall directs surface water laterally off the moving-traffic area. A kerb-and-gutter channel can collect and convey that water along the street edge. Inlets and downstream drains are needed to prevent excessive spread or ponding. Their capacity depends on local runoff and longitudinal slope. Kerbs without a functioning drainage path do not by themselves provide adequate stormwater removal.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
In IRC:73-2023, what is the recommended minimum right-of-way for a conventional two-lane highway outside the separately specified constrained mountainous or steep-terrain cases?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
IRC:73-2023 lists 30 m as the recommended minimum right-of-way for a two-lane highway in its general highway table. The document separately addresses certain constrained mountainous and steep-terrain cases. Right-of-way is the road-land corridor and is not the carriageway alone. Additional land may be required at junctions, high fills and other special locations. The road category and applicable terrain conditions must be identified before using a single tabulated width.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
An urban street layout has four standard 3.5 m motor-traffic lanes in total, a 2.0 m median, two 2.5 m footpaths and two 2.0 m cycle tracks. Ignoring all other zones and clearances, what is the combined specified width?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Four traffic lanes occupy 4 multiplied by 3.5 = 14.0 m. The median adds 2.0 m. Two footpaths add 5.0 m and two cycle tracks add 4.0 m. The summed specified width is 14 + 2 + 5 + 4 = 25.0 m. Other essential urban street elements could require additional right-of-way beyond this simplified total.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
A high embankment highway section is experiencing shoulder erosion and unsafe water discharge down its side slope. Which cross-sectional improvement best addresses the problem?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
High embankments are vulnerable to erosion from concentrated surface runoff. Shoulder drainage must be coordinated with the carriageway crossfall. Appropriate channels and outlets can prevent uncontrolled discharge over embankment slopes. Slope protection and safe energy dissipation may also be necessary. The chosen detail should follow site hydraulics, stability and applicable highway guidance.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
A straight road is proposed on a 3.0 m high embankment with a 9.0 m-wide formation crest and side slopes of 2 horizontal to 1 vertical on both sides. Assuming level natural ground and uniform geometry, what is the full toe-to-toe base width?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A 2H:1V slope extends 2 m horizontally for every 1 m vertically. At 3.0 m height, the horizontal run on each side is 6.0 m. Both slopes together therefore occupy 12.0 m beyond the crest. Adding the 9.0 m formation crest gives 21.0 m. This simplified width excludes additional land for drains, toe protection and other roadside features.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
A straight two-lane cement-concrete road has a symmetric crown and a 7.0 m-wide carriageway. With the 2.0% crossfall stated in IRC:73-2023 for cement-concrete surfaces, what is the fall from crown to one edge?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A crowned carriageway of total width 7.0 m has a half-width of 3.5 m. The specified crossfall is 0.02 as a decimal. Multiplying 3.5 by 0.02 gives 0.070 m. Thus the edge is 70 mm below the centre crown. The calculation assumes a straight section with equal crossfall on both sides.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
An access-controlled urban corridor passes a long strip of commercial properties that require local loading and driveway access. Which function best justifies a separate frontage or service road?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A service or frontage road can accommodate traffic serving adjacent properties. It reduces the need for numerous direct entries onto a high-mobility main carriageway. Separating the access movements can improve safety and operational continuity. Connections between the service road and the main road must still be properly designed. Pedestrian, cycling and drainage provisions remain necessary where relevant.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
A preliminary plan shows a 30.0 m-wide right-of-way centered on a 12.0 m-wide roadway formation. If the formation is centered, how much land width remains outside the formation, both sides combined and per side?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The acquired or reserved right-of-way is 30.0 m wide. The specified formation occupies 12.0 m of that corridor. Remaining width is 30.0 minus 12.0 = 18.0 m overall. With a centred formation, each side has 18.0/2 = 9.0 m outside the formation. This remaining space is not automatically an extra shoulder and may be needed for slopes, drains, utilities or other provisions.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
An urban collector street upgrade must accommodate walking, cycling, drainage, utility maintenance and bus activity within a constrained corridor. Which approach best reflects engineering cross-section design?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
An urban cross-section must serve several modes and roadside functions. Traffic movement, pedestrian safety and access all influence width allocation. Drainage, bus stops, cycle routes and utilities can compete for limited space. Coordinated layouts reduce conflict and improve maintainability. Selection should respond to the street's functional class and local demand rather than a single vehicle-only template.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
-
Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: C. ROW is the broader land corridor reserved or acquired for the road and associated requirements, not merely the carriageway. సమాధానం: C.
-
Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: A. Carriageway is the moving-traffic portion; roadway width accounts for carriageway, shoulders and median where applicable; right-of-way is the wider road-land corridor. సమాధానం: A.
-
Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: D. 3.75 m. సమాధానం: D.
-
Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: B. 14.0 m. సమాధానం: B.
-
Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: C. 7.0 m. సమాధానం: C.
-
Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: A. 12.0 m. సమాధానం: A.
-
Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: B. They provide lateral support, recovery or emergency stopping space as appropriate, and protect pavement edges while accommodating drainage. సమాధానం: B.
-
Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: D. To separate opposing traffic streams and provide space for appropriate safety, glare-control or turning arrangements. సమాధానం: D.
-
Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: A. 2.5% and 2.0%. సమాధానం: A.
-
Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: C. 87.5 mm. సమాధానం: C.
-
Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: B. 1.8 m unobstructed width and 2.2 m clear height. సమాధానం: B.
-
Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: D. Relocate furnishings and utilities to a properly planned multifunctional or planting zone while maintaining a continuous clear walking zone. సమాధానం: D.
-
Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: A. Maintain a substantially continuous footpath level and form the vehicle-access ramp in the multifunctional or furniture zone, with accessible details. సమాధానం: A.
-
Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: B. 2.0 m and 3.0 m. సమాధానం: B.
-
Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: C. IRC:73-2023 uses depressed or flush medians for multilane highways, while IRC:86-2018 addresses urban medians that may include raised or pedestrian-refuge arrangements. సమాధానం: C.
-
Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: D. Use barrier-type kerbs where substantial pedestrian protection is needed and mountable types for appropriate channelization or separator applications. సమాధానం: D.
-
Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: A. Provide appropriate pavement crossfall toward kerb-and-gutter channels connected to adequately designed inlets or drains. సమాధానం: A.
-
Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: C. 30 m. సమాధానం: C.
-
Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: B. 25.0 m. సమాధానం: B.
-
Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: D. Coordinate shoulder crossfall, lined channels or kerb drains where needed, controlled outlets and suitable slope erosion protection. సమాధానం: D.
-
Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: A. 21.0 m. సమాధానం: A.
-
Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: C. 70 mm. సమాధానం: C.
-
Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: B. To collect local access movements separately from the through-traffic carriageway and connect them at appropriately designed points. సమాధానం: B.
-
Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: D. 18.0 m combined and 9.0 m on each side. సమాధానం: D.
-
Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: A. Allocate space based on functional priorities, maintain accessible pedestrian and suitable cycle facilities, and coordinate drainage, utilities, kerbs and transit stops rather than assigning all width to vehicles. సమాధానం: A.