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Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
A compass traverse is observed near a proposed service reservoir. Which statement correctly distinguishes TRUE and MAGNETIC meridians at a station?
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Explanation:
The true meridian is the geographic north-south reference through the station. A magnetic meridian is the local direction indicated by a freely responding magnetic needle in the horizontal plane. The horizontal angular difference between these references is magnetic declination. The declination may vary with place and time. A compass bearing normally uses the magnetic meridian unless a different reference is established. Survey calculations must identify which reference was used.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
For a small construction-site survey, a contractor chooses the direction of an established site baseline as an ARBITRARY meridian. What is the technically correct implication?
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Explanation:
An arbitrary meridian is a direction adopted as a convenient local reference. Bearings can be expressed consistently clockwise from that direction. The direction need not coincide with true north or magnetic north. Included angles can still be derived from bearings referred to the same arbitrary meridian. Converting such bearings to true bearings requires the orientation difference between the references. Changing the bearing reference changes numerical directions but not physical geometry.
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Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
Which combination of characteristics is associated with a conventional PRISMATIC COMPASS used for survey-line bearing observations?
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Explanation:
The conventional prismatic compass commonly carries its graduated ring with the magnetic needle assembly. The needle assembly aligns with the local magnetic field when allowed to settle. A prism permits the observer to read the graduation while sighting the object. The graduation is normally expressed in the whole-circle system from zero to 360 degrees. Bearings can be affected by nearby magnetic materials and must be checked when necessary. A prismatic compass does not measure reduced levels by itself.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
Which description correctly states how a QUADRANTAL or REDUCED bearing is designated?
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Explanation:
A quadrantal bearing specifies a direction using the north-south reference axis. Its numerical angle is between zero and ninety degrees. The direction is measured from north or south towards east or west. Thus both cardinal letters are needed to express the quadrant. N 40° E and S 40° E represent different horizontal directions. Whole-circle bearings instead use a continuous clockwise angular measure from north.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
A survey line has reduced bearing N 38° E. What is its equivalent WHOLE-CIRCLE bearing, measured clockwise from the same north reference?
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Explanation:
N 38° E lies in the northeast quadrant. The whole-circle system measures clockwise from north. Moving thirty-eight degrees towards east from north is already a clockwise movement. Consequently no quadrant complement is needed. The whole-circle bearing is 038 degrees. The two bearing forms describe the same reference direction.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
The reduced bearing of a pipeline alignment is S 47° E. What is its whole-circle bearing?
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Explanation:
S 47° E is in the southeast quadrant. Due south corresponds to a whole-circle bearing of 180 degrees. The line lies forty-seven degrees from south towards east. Its clockwise bearing from north is therefore 180 - 47 degrees. This gives 133 degrees. Adding forty-seven to 180 would put the direction in the southwest quadrant instead.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
A traverse leg is assigned a reduced bearing S 22° W. Express it as a whole-circle bearing.
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Explanation:
S 22° W lies in the southwest quadrant. The clockwise bearing of due south is 180 degrees. Turning twenty-two degrees from south towards west increases the clockwise whole-circle bearing. Thus the equivalent bearing is 180 + 22 = 202 degrees. A value of 158 degrees would instead fall southeast of the station. Cardinal letters must be interpreted before performing the conversion.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
A line joining two survey stations has reduced bearing N 64° W. What is the equivalent whole-circle bearing?
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Explanation:
N 64° W describes a line in the northwest quadrant. Whole-circle bearings increase clockwise from north. The westward angular departure from north is sixty-four degrees in the counterclockwise direction. The clockwise equivalent is 360 - 64 degrees. This gives 296 degrees. A bearing of 064 degrees would indicate northeast rather than northwest.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
A magnetic whole-circle bearing of 072° is observed for a chain line. What is its REDUCED bearing with respect to the same magnetic meridian?
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Explanation:
A whole-circle bearing of seventy-two degrees lies between north and east. The corresponding quadrant is northeast. In the northeast quadrant the reduced-bearing angle equals the whole-circle angle. Therefore the correct designation is N 72° E. The alternative N 18° E would describe a different line. The conversion does not change the magnetic reference meridian.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
The whole-circle bearing of a line is 154°. Which reduced bearing represents the same line?
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Explanation:
A clockwise bearing of 154 degrees lies between east and south. It is therefore in the southeast quadrant. The acute angle measured from south towards east is 180 - 154 degrees. This difference is twenty-six degrees. The reduced bearing is S 26° E. The quadrant designation is essential because the same numerical acute angle occurs in several directions.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
A survey line has whole-circle bearing 241°. What is its equivalent reduced bearing?
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Explanation:
The bearing 241 degrees lies between south at 180 degrees and west at 270 degrees. Hence the line is in the southwest quadrant. In this quadrant the reduced angle is the whole-circle bearing minus 180 degrees. Subtracting gives 241 - 180 = 61 degrees. The designation is S 61° W. The value S 29° E would place the line on the opposite side of south.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
A traverse side has whole-circle bearing 326°. Which reduced-bearing expression is correct?
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Explanation:
A bearing of 326 degrees lies between west and north. It is in the northwest quadrant. The acute departure from north is 360 - 326 degrees. This equals thirty-four degrees. Because the departure is towards west, the reduced bearing is N 34° W. Writing an east suffix would reverse the side of the north-south reference line.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
A line AB has fore whole-circle bearing 067° at A. Assuming no local attraction, consistent meridian reference, and negligible meridian convergence, what back bearing should be obtained from B to A?
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Explanation:
Fore bearing represents the direction from A towards B. Back bearing represents the opposite direction from B towards A. The two directions differ by 180 degrees when both are referred to the same meridian. Adding 180 degrees to 067 degrees gives 247 degrees. The expected back bearing is therefore 247 degrees. A significant observed difference from this relationship warrants checking orientation and local magnetic effects.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
The measured fore whole-circle bearing of a traverse side is 246°. Under consistent meridian conditions with no local attraction, what is its back bearing?
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Explanation:
A back bearing reverses the direction of the survey line. The reversal changes the bearing by 180 degrees. Because the fore bearing exceeds 180 degrees, subtracting 180 gives a value in the range zero to 360 degrees. Thus 246 - 180 = 66 degrees. Expressed with three digits, the back bearing is 066 degrees. Adding 180 without reducing modulo 360 would not be a valid final whole-circle designation.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
The fore reduced bearing of a straight line AB is N 27° W. Which reduced bearing should describe the reverse line BA under a common meridian?
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Explanation:
The original fore bearing N 27° W identifies a northwest direction. Reversing the line changes northwest to southeast. In reduced-bearing notation, north changes to south and west changes to east. The acute numerical angle remains twenty-seven degrees. Thus the back bearing is S 27° E. The reversal corresponds to a 180-degree difference in whole-circle bearings.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
A pipeline side has fore reduced bearing S 68° E. Which is its correct back reduced bearing, provided the same reference meridian is used?
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Explanation:
S 68° E is a line pointing into the southeast quadrant. The reverse line points into the northwest quadrant. Both cardinal letters must be reversed when changing from fore to back reduced bearing. The angle measured from the north-south axis does not change. Therefore the back bearing is N 68° W. This is equivalent to changing the corresponding whole-circle bearing by 180 degrees.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
In a compass traverse A–B–C, the fore whole-circle bearing of AB is 065° and that of BC is 145°, both referred to one meridian. What is the SMALLER included horizontal angle ABC at station B?
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Explanation:
The interior angle at B is formed by directions BA and BC. The forward direction AB is 065 degrees. Its reverse direction BA is therefore 065 + 180 = 245 degrees. The whole-circle bearing of BC is 145 degrees. The smaller difference between 245 and 145 is 100 degrees. Subtracting consecutive fore bearings directly would instead give the change of direction along the traverse.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
For traverse A–B–C, the fore whole-circle bearings of AB and BC are 220° and 310° respectively. What is the SMALLER included angle ABC at B?
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Explanation:
The direction needed at station B towards A is the back bearing of AB. Subtracting 180 degrees from 220 degrees gives BA = 040 degrees. The forward direction from B towards C is 310 degrees. The clockwise difference between them is 270 degrees, whose smaller equivalent angle around a complete turn is ninety degrees. Therefore the smaller included angle ABC is 090 degrees. This example requires careful handling of the zero-degree crossing.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
The fore bearing AB is 075° and the fore bearing BC is 125°. Both refer to the same north meridian, and the traverse turns RIGHT at B. What are the right deflection angle and the interior included angle ABC?
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Explanation:
The direction changes clockwise from 075 to 125 degrees along the traverse. The right deflection angle is thus 125 - 75 = 50 degrees. A deflection angle is measured from the forward prolongation of the incoming traverse line. The included angle at B is measured between BA and BC instead. For this right turn, that included angle equals 180 - 50 = 130 degrees. Both angles describe the same bend with different reference rays.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
Three consecutive traverse lines AB, BC and CD have fore whole-circle bearings 040°, 130° and 210°, all referred to one meridian. What are the SMALLER included angles ABC and BCD, respectively?
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Explanation:
At B, the direction BA is the reverse of AB and has bearing 220 degrees. Comparing BA = 220 degrees with BC = 130 degrees gives an included angle of ninety degrees. At C, the direction CB is the reverse of BC and has bearing 310 degrees. Comparing CB = 310 degrees with CD = 210 degrees gives an included angle of one hundred degrees. Each angle is computed using the back direction of the incoming side. The answer is therefore 90 degrees at B and 100 degrees at C.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
A line's MAGNETIC whole-circle bearing is 072°00′. Local magnetic declination is 4°30′ EAST, and no local attraction is present. What is its TRUE whole-circle bearing?
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Explanation:
East magnetic declination means magnetic north is east of true north. The true bearing equals magnetic bearing plus east declination, using the signed-declination convention. Adding 4 degrees 30 minutes to 72 degrees gives 76 degrees 30 minutes. The true whole-circle bearing is therefore 076°30′. Subtracting would be appropriate for a west declination of the same magnitude. The result assumes the magnetic observation is unaffected by local attraction.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
The TRUE whole-circle bearing of a construction alignment is 315°. The local magnetic declination is 6° WEST, and compass observations are otherwise unaffected. What MAGNETIC whole-circle bearing corresponds to this alignment?
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Explanation:
A west declination is treated as a negative signed angle. The relationship is true bearing equals magnetic bearing plus signed declination. Therefore magnetic bearing equals true bearing minus the signed declination. Substituting 315 - (-6) gives 321 degrees. This is the magnetic bearing of the line. The sign convention should be applied consistently instead of relying on an unqualified mnemonic.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
A compass indicates magnetic whole-circle bearing 358° for a survey line, and the magnetic declination is 5° EAST. No local attraction is present. What is the TRUE whole-circle bearing after correct normalization?
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Explanation:
The true bearing is obtained by adding east declination to the magnetic bearing. The preliminary sum is 358 + 5 = 363 degrees. Whole-circle bearings must be normalized to the interval from zero to less than 360 degrees. Subtracting one full revolution gives 003 degrees. The true direction is therefore just east of geographic north. Writing 363 degrees without normalization is not the standard final bearing designation.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
For a short compass traverse side AB, the observed magnetic fore bearing at A is 126°, but the observed magnetic back bearing at B is 308°. Treat meridian convergence as negligible. Which inference is most defensible?
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Explanation:
Under a common undisturbed magnetic reference, the expected back bearing is 126 + 180 = 306 degrees. The observed back bearing is 308 degrees. This produces a two-degree discrepancy from the expected reversal. Magnetic disturbance at either station or observational error may be responsible. These two readings alone do not uniquely identify which station is affected. Independent bearings or other reliable reference observations should be checked before applying corrections.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
Two traverse sides AB and BC have bearings of 040° and 136° relative to one arbitrary meridian. A revised reference meridian causes BOTH reported bearings to increase uniformly by 12°, without changing the physical lines. What is the SMALLER included angle ABC before and after the reference change?
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Explanation:
The direction from B towards A is opposite the forward direction AB. Its original back bearing is 040 + 180 = 220 degrees. The smaller angle between BA at 220 degrees and BC at 136 degrees is eighty-four degrees. Uniformly adding twelve degrees gives BA = 232 degrees and BC = 148 degrees. Their smaller difference remains eighty-four degrees. Included angles depend on differences between directions and are unchanged by a uniform rotation of the reference meridian.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: C. A true meridian refers to geographic north-south, while a magnetic meridian follows the local horizontal magnetic-field direction; their angular separation is magnetic declination. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: A. Bearings relative to that baseline can consistently describe local directions, but their numerical values are not automatically true or magnetic bearings. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: D. The graduated ring commonly moves with the magnetic needle, a prism enables sighting and reading, and the scale is commonly graduated in whole-circle bearings. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: B. An acute angle from north or south towards east or west, with the starting and ending cardinal letters stated. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: A. 038°. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: D. 133°. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: B. 202°. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: C. 296°. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: C. N 72° E. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: A. S 26° E. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: B. S 61° W. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: D. N 34° W. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: B. 247°. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: C. 066°. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: A. S 27° E. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: D. N 68° W. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: C. 100°. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: B. 090°. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: A. Right deflection 50°; included angle 130°. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: D. 90° and 100°. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: B. 076°30′. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: C. 321°. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: A. 003°. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: D. The readings depart by 2° from the expected 180° relationship, suggesting local attraction or observational error; further checks are needed to locate the cause. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: B. 84° before and 84° after. సమాధానం: B.