Please keep at least one language enabled. || కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
A conventional ballasted track has sound rails but several loose rail-to-sleeper connections. Which combination best describes the primary functions of its rail fixtures and fastenings?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Rail fastenings connect rails to sleepers or other supporting elements and include components used at rail joints. They help maintain the required rail position and track gauge. Rail-seat assemblies transmit loads while providing appropriate restraint and resilience. Different joints may require controlled longitudinal movement or electrical insulation. The fastening arrangement must therefore be selected as a compatible system rather than a collection of interchangeable parts.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
Two rails of the same section meet at a conventional fish-plated joint. What is the principal function of ordinary fish plates?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Ordinary fish plates fit against the fishing surfaces of adjoining rails. Their bolts connect the joint assembly and help maintain alignment. The assembly transfers part of the bending and shear action across the joint. Its performance depends on sound bolts, fishing surfaces and adjacent sleeper support. An ordinary fish-plated joint is not equivalent to a welded rail or an insulated joint.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
At a conventional fish-plated joint, which statement correctly identifies the roles of fish bolts, nuts and appropriate washers?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Fish bolts pass through the joint arrangement to hold the fish plates in position. Nuts develop the required clamping action when properly tightened. Specified washers are used as part of the bolted assembly where required. Loose or damaged fittings can increase impact and deterioration at a rail joint. Tightening must follow the applicable procedure rather than being increased without limit.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
A connection must be made between a 60 kg/m rail and a 52 kg/m rail using an approved mechanical joint. Which fitting is specifically intended for this difference in rail sections?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Combination fish plates accommodate the different fishing profiles of adjoining rail sections. Indian Railways specifies a correctly matched set for such a mechanical transition. These plates are not interchangeable with ordinary plates intended for identical rail sections. Rail alignment and appropriate adjacent support remain important at the joint. Where approved, a fabricated transition rail may be preferred to a permanent combination fish-plated joint.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
A welded rail joint develops a suspected defect, and a temporary protected arrangement is needed under railway instructions. Which fitting is associated with such welded-joint or rail-fracture locations?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Joggled fish plates are specially shaped fittings used at specified weld and rail-fracture locations. Their installation may involve approved clamps or far-end bolting. They help provide mechanical support or protection as directed by the relevant railway procedure. The exact arrangement depends on rail section and defect condition. Use of a joggled plate does not automatically remove the need for inspection, operational protection or permanent repair.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
During maintenance of an ordinary jointed railway track, a worker proposes tightening fish bolts as much as physically possible. Which alternative is appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Loose fish bolts can allow joint movement and accelerate rail-end batter. Excessive tightening can overstrain the joint components and interfere with the intended behaviour of a conventional joint. Railway guidance calls for controlled tightening using the specified procedure or equipment. Rail-end gaps and the condition of the fishing surfaces also require attention. A secure joint does not mean that every longitudinal movement is forcibly eliminated.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
A track-circuited line needs a rail joint that provides mechanical continuity of the track structure while electrically isolating adjoining rail lengths. Which arrangement is most suitable?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Track circuits require electrical separation at specified rail boundaries. An insulated joint combines structural connection with insulating components at the rail ends and fittings. Glued insulated joints use an approved adhesive and insulating assembly to perform this function. Metal burrs, contaminated surfaces or damaged insulation can compromise electrical isolation. Such joints therefore require coordinated inspection of mechanical condition and electrical performance.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
A maintenance team examines an older track using bull-headed rails seated between two jaws of a cast-iron fitting. What is the traditional name and function of this fitting?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Bull-headed and historical double-headed rail arrangements commonly used chairs. A chair provides a shaped rail seat and jaws around the rail section. It is secured to the sleeper by suitable fixings. A key or other retention component holds the rail in position within the chair. This arrangement differs from the modern flat-bottom rail fastened directly through a compatible rail-seat assembly.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
In an older chair-and-key rail fastening, what is the primary function of a tapered key?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A key is fitted between the rail and part of the chair assembly. Its wedge action helps retain the rail in its designed position. Keys may be made of materials appropriate to the particular historical fastening system. Loose or displaced keys can impair rail restraint and gauge maintenance. The exact key shape and installation method must match the approved chair arrangement.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
An older steel-trough sleeper system uses loose jaws and a two-way key. What is the engineering purpose of this combination?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Steel-trough sleepers have historically used loose jaws and matching keys for rail retention. The jaw provides a reaction surface for the keying action. The key helps hold the rail foot in position under service forces. Wear or displacement of either component can compromise restraint and gauge. These historical parts should not be substituted for the approved clips and liners used on modern PSC sleepers.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
A rail seat on a timber sleeper experiences localized crushing under repeated rail loading. Which function of a properly designed bearing or base plate directly addresses this problem?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Bearing plates increase the effective support area beneath a rail foot. This can reduce the average bearing pressure on a timber sleeper for the same vertical force. A plate may also provide a suitable geometry for rail inclination and fastener attachment. Plate performance depends on proper seating and secure fixing. It cannot compensate indefinitely for decayed timber or inadequate ballast support.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
A canted bearing plate is selected for a flat-bottom rail on a timber-sleeper track. Which feature distinguishes it from a flat bearing plate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Rail inclination influences the contact relationship between wheel treads and running rails. A canted bearing plate provides the prescribed inclination at the rail seat. A flat plate does not itself provide that inclination. The correct selection depends on the intended sleeper, rail and track arrangement. The plate must still be secured properly and provide adequate bearing support.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
Which fixture is most closely associated with directly fastening flat-bottom rails or base plates to timber sleepers in traditional spiked track?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Dog spikes are mechanical fastenings associated with timber-sleeper rail seats. Their head engages the rail foot or a suitable plate. Their holding power depends on timber condition, hole preparation and installation. Withdrawal or loosening can reduce rail restraint and degrade track gauge. A spike does not carry out the structural function of a fish plate at a rail joint.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
A timber-sleeper rail seat requires improved resistance to withdrawal in a location where plain spikes have repeatedly loosened. Which selection is most defensible?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Rail screws develop retention through engagement with the sleeper material. They can provide a useful alternative where a suitable design calls for greater resistance to withdrawal than a plain driven spike. The timber must be sound and appropriately prepared for the screw. Installed screws still require periodic inspection for loosening and damage. Their selection must follow an approved fastening detail rather than an unrestricted assumption about holding strength.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
Which pairing correctly identifies two traditional railway fastening bolts by function?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Traditional permanent-way systems use several bolt types for different connection locations. Fang bolts can secure chairs or bearing plates to sleepers. Hook bolts are associated with approved sleeper-to-bridge-girder fastening arrangements. Fish bolts, in contrast, secure fish plates at rail joints. Correct identification prevents using a bolt intended for one structural function in a different assembly.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
A prestressed-concrete sleeper track has reduced rail restraint because some elastic rail clips have lost their specified toe load. What does toe load represent?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Elastic rail clips are designed to deflect elastically during installation. This deflection produces a clamping action at the rail foot. Toe load is the force associated with that installed clip contact. Adequate toe load helps retain the rail and contributes to resistance against undesirable movement. Clip condition, liner geometry and insert integrity should be inspected as part of the complete fastening assembly.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
Which component is placed between the rail foot and a prestressed-concrete sleeper rail seat chiefly to provide a resilient bearing interface?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A grooved rubber sole plate lies beneath the rail foot on an appropriate concrete sleeper seat. The pad provides a compliant contact interface. It helps attenuate shocks, high-frequency vibration and noise transmitted to the sleeper. Its properties interact with the fastening clip and rail-seat geometry. A worn or displaced pad should be examined even when the clip itself remains present.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
On a track-circuited PSC sleeper line, which component is commonly selected both to position the rail foot correctly and to support electrical insulation in the fastening assembly?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Liners are positioned beside the rail foot in a compatible elastic fastening system. They help provide correct gauge and clip deflection. Glass-filled-nylon liners are commonly used where electrical insulation is required. Their dimensions and material must be compatible with the rail and sleeper assembly. Electrical insulation is not guaranteed by a liner if other track-circuit components are incorrectly installed or damaged.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
An inspection finds that several liners on PSC sleepers were replaced with components of the wrong size. Even though elastic clips are present, why should the rail-seat assemblies be corrected?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
PSC sleeper fastening assemblies are dimensionally coordinated systems. The liner positions the rail foot relative to the clip and sleeper insert. Incorrect liner dimensions can change the clip deflection and resulting toe load. They can also alter gauge retention or cause undesirable contact and wear. Maintenance should restore the approved compatible components rather than checking clip presence alone.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
A railway project proposes a factory-fitted modern rail-fastening system instead of the conventional elastic rail clip assembly. Which engineering decision is correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Modern rail fastenings can be supplied as integrated assemblies for compatible sleepers. Approval and performance requirements remain important despite factory installation. Gauge retention, longitudinal restraint, resilience and durability must still be satisfied. Components must be suited to the rail section and sleeper design. Substituting an unapproved collection of otherwise familiar components is not equivalent to installing a certified system.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
An engineer estimates fittings for 12 ordinary four-bolt rail joints. Assume each complete joint uses two fish plates and four fish bolts, with no spares or wastage. What quantities are required?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The question specifies two fish plates for each complete mechanical joint. For 12 joints, the number of plates is 12 times 2 = 24. Each joint also requires four fish bolts under the stated assumption. Therefore the total number of bolts is 12 times 4 = 48. Actual procurement should separately account for the prescribed fitting arrangement and spare allowance.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
A maintenance section contains 250 PSC sleepers, each with two rail seats. Assume each rail seat uses two elastic rail clips. How many clips are required for the complete section, excluding spares?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Each sleeper supports two running rails and therefore has two rail seats. The stated fastening arrangement uses two clips per rail seat. Thus one sleeper requires 2 times 2 = 4 clips. For 250 sleepers, the total is 250 times 4 = 1000 clips. The result depends on the explicitly stated assembly and excludes spare components.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
A sleeper-renewal estimate covers 160 PSC sleepers with two rail seats per sleeper. Assume two liners are needed per rail seat. How many liners are required without a wastage allowance?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The problem assigns two rail seats to each sleeper. Each rail seat is assumed to require two liners. Accordingly one sleeper requires four liners in total. Multiplying 160 sleepers by four yields 640 liners. Actual liner types and quantities must match the approved fastening and rail section.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
A simplified rail-seat bearing calculation gives a vertical reaction of 60 kN distributed uniformly over an effective bearing-plate area of 0.015 m². What is the average pressure transmitted through the plate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Average pressure equals vertical force divided by the effective bearing area. The specified reaction is 60 kN, or 60000 N. The bearing area is 0.015 square metres. Division gives 60000/0.015 = 4000000 N/m², equivalent to 4.0 MPa. Local contact peaks and the capacity of the supporting sleeper require separate consideration.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
At a heavily trafficked rail joint, inspectors observe loose fish bolts, battered rail ends, ineffective clips on adjacent sleepers and poorly packed ballast. What is the most appropriate engineering response?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Rail-joint deterioration usually involves interactions among the rails, fittings and nearby supports. Loose fish bolts can permit additional joint movement and impact. Ineffective clips and poor sleeper packing can amplify rail-end deflection. A coordinated inspection should therefore cover the joint faces, bolts, sleepers, rail seats and ballast. Corrective work and any necessary operational protection must follow the applicable railway maintenance instructions.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: C. They secure and position rails, help maintain gauge, transmit forces to supports and accommodate the required movement or resilience of each connection. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: A. To connect and align adjoining rail ends and help transmit forces across their joint. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: D. They secure the fish plates to the rail ends, with suitable washers helping the bolted assembly maintain its intended clamping condition. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: B. A correctly matched set of combination fish plates designed for the two different rail sections. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: C. An appropriately specified joggled fish-plate arrangement with clamps or approved bolts. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: A. Tighten the fish bolts by the prescribed method while avoiding both looseness and overstraining, and maintain the required joint movement where applicable. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: B. An approved insulated or glued insulated joint with the appropriate insulating end post, side elements and bolt insulation. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: D. A rail chair that supports and locates the rail section and is secured to the sleeper. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: A. To wedge the rail securely in the chair against the appropriate jaw. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: C. To retain the rail foot against the rail-seat jaws and provide the specified rail restraint in that sleeper system. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: B. To spread the rail-seat force over a greater suitable sleeper bearing area and provide an attachment interface. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: D. Its rail seat provides a specified inward inclination as part of the approved wheel–rail geometry. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: C. A dog spike driven into the timber to hold the rail foot or plate as designed. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: A. Use an approved rail screw or screw-spike arrangement with suitable timber condition and installation details. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: D. Fang bolts can secure chairs or plates to timber sleepers, while hook bolts are used in approved arrangements for fastening sleepers to bridge girders. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: A. The vertical clamping force that the installed elastic clip applies at the rail foot through the approved fastening geometry. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: B. A grooved rubber sole plate or other approved rail pad. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: C. An appropriately specified glass-filled-nylon insulating liner used with the approved clip and pad. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: A. Liner size can affect rail position and clip deflection, thereby impairing gauge control and the intended toe load. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: D. Use an approved compatible system meeting the applicable performance requirements and verify its sleeper, rail and installation interfaces. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: C. 24 fish plates and 48 fish bolts. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: B. 1000 clips. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: D. 640 liners. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: A. 4.0 MPa. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: C. Inspect and restore joint fittings, rail ends, adjacent fastening assemblies and sleeper packing together, applying the prescribed operating precautions where necessary. సమాధానం: C.