Test 3 - Engineering Surveys for Highway Alignment

Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1

Which sequence best represents the conventional stages of engineering surveys for selecting a new highway alignment, recognizing that current IRC guidance includes map study within reconnaissance?

A Final location survey, preliminary survey, reconnaissance and map study. B Map study, reconnaissance, preliminary survey, and final location with detailed survey. C Preliminary survey, map study, final location and reconnaissance. D Reconnaissance, final location, preliminary survey and map study.

Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2

A topographic map shows two possible mountain crossings: Route P follows a natural saddle, while Route Q crosses a much higher ridge. What is the most appropriate use of this information at the map-study stage?

A Immediately fix permanent centre-line pegs for Route P without field investigation. B Specify final cut-slope angles from the printed contour lines alone. C Identify the saddle as a potentially favourable route corridor for reconnaissance, subject to checking geology, drainage and practical access. D Approve Route Q solely because a higher ridge always provides a shorter road.

Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3

On a topographic map at a scale of 1:50,000, a tentative route measures 9.0 cm along its traced centre line. What approximate ground length does this represent, neglecting map distortion?

A 4.5 km. B 0.45 km. C 45 km. D 5.56 km.

Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4

An office study identifies three plausible corridors, but local maps do not establish whether a stream bank is eroding or whether a hillside is unstable. What is the appropriate next survey activity?

A Prepare final land-acquisition boundaries for all corridors without fieldwork. B Design permanent pavement layers for the shortest corridor before visiting the terrain. C Begin construction on the alignment with the fewest bends on the map. D Undertake reconnaissance to inspect the probable corridors, verify major constraints and shortlist routes for detailed survey.

Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5

A proposed road passes through a remote forested gorge that cannot safely be inspected along its full length during initial reconnaissance. Which approach is most defensible?

A Treat inaccessible land as geotechnically safe whenever satellite imagery shows no exposed rock. B Use appropriate aerial or UAV reconnaissance to supplement maps, then investigate uncertain ground conditions by field or specialist methods where practicable. C Skip reconnaissance altogether and mark the centre line solely from a state-level index map. D Assume aerial imagery can directly provide laboratory CBR values for the subgrade.

Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6

During preparation of a new highway, the authority needs accurately tied locations of buildings, utilities, streams, relief and traverse control along shortlisted corridors. Which stage is principally intended to collect these data for selecting the final centre line?

A Preliminary instrument survey. B Initial index-map study alone. C Routine pavement maintenance survey after commissioning. D Traffic enforcement inspection on the completed highway.

Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7

An alignment has been selected after comparing preliminary survey plans and obtaining the necessary project approval. Which operation most directly belongs to the final location survey?

A Use only a country-wide road atlas to identify possible mountain passes. B Rank three alternative corridors using approximate reconnaissance cost estimates. C Transfer the approved centre line to the ground, establish suitable control and reference marks, and obtain detailed levels for working drawings. D Replace all earlier field measurements with assumptions based on the shortest straight-line route.

Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8

A preliminary survey discovers a religious structure and an underground water main within a tentative highway corridor, although neither appeared in the initial digital map. What is the best engineering response?

A Delete both features from the survey plan because they were missing from the original map. B Assume the utility can be crossed without protection or coordination because the surface is clear. C Immediately fix the proposed centre line and postpone any utility record until construction. D Tie the features to the traverse, verify ownership or utility information, and assess avoidance or protection options before freezing the alignment.

Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9

A designer wants to prepare a road's longitudinal profile and identify gradients, summit or valley locations, and the need for cut or fill along the selected centre line. Which surveyed dataset is most directly required?

A Chainage-wise ground reduced levels along the centre line, tied to an appropriate vertical datum. B Only a tabulation of registered vehicle ownership in nearby towns. C Only aggregate crushing values from a distant quarry. D Only the areas of vegetation visible on a small-scale district map.

Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10

A surveyor takes transverse ground levels to both sides of a proposed road centre line at regular and critical chainages. What is the principal use of these cross-sectional observations?

A To establish the annual growth rate of truck traffic without a traffic count. B To determine terrain shape across the corridor for roadway width, side slopes, drains and earthwork quantity calculations. C To replace the need for locating culverts and stream channels. D To classify the route as a National Highway from ground slope alone.

Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11

The levelling team establishes reference benchmarks tied to a known datum before repeated highway profile surveys. Why is this control necessary?

A Benchmarks set the minimum permissible highway design speed. B They determine pavement type without soil or traffic investigations. C They provide a consistent elevation reference so profiles, structures and later construction levels can be compared reliably. D They remove the need to close or check a levelling traverse.

Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12

Two mapped contour points on a possible route have elevations of 120 m and 150 m, separated by 600 m of horizontal route distance. If a uniform rise is assumed, what approximate gradient is indicated for preliminary screening?

A 2.0%. B 20.0%. C 0.5%. D 5.0%.

Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13

A preliminary longitudinal survey records RL = 102.5 m at chainage 0+600 and RL = 130.5 m at chainage 1+400. Assuming the intervening ground profile is represented by a uniform grade, what is the mean upward gradient?

A 3.5%. B 2.8%. C 5.0%. D 8.0%.

Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14

At one surveyed road cross-section, cutting has a level bottom width of 8 m and a uniform vertical depth of 2 m. Both cut slopes are 1 horizontal to 1 vertical, and the original ground is assumed level transversely. What is the cross-sectional excavation area?

A 16 m2. B 20 m2. C 24 m2. D 32 m2.

Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15

Two successive surveyed earthwork cross-sections, 40 m apart, have cut areas of 20 m2 and 30 m2. Using the average-end-area method, what is the estimated excavation volume between them?

A 800 m3. B 1,200 m3. C 1,000 m3. D 2,000 m3.

Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16

A highway bypass study must distinguish traffic that passes completely through a town from trips with origins or destinations inside it. Which traffic investigation is most directly suited to this decision?

A A pavement-deflection survey on the existing main street. B A survey of rainfall over the nearby catchment alone. C A mineral aggregate gradation survey. D An origin-destination survey, supported by classified traffic counts and travel-pattern information.

Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17

A proposed widening scheme has adequate traffic-volume counts, but pavement designers also require information on heavy-vehicle load severity. Which additional investigation is most relevant?

A An axle-load survey of representative commercial vehicles, together with the applicable traffic analysis. B A site inventory limited to roadside trees and telephone poles. C A contour-only map study without any commercial vehicle data. D A groundwater survey used as the sole substitute for vehicle loading.

Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18

A preliminary highway survey crosses a floodplain where the team has only measured channel width during the dry season. Which additional information is essential before selecting cross-drainage locations and preliminary formation levels?

A Only the colour of the existing roadside pavement markings. B Catchment and runoff characteristics, flood or high-water levels, drainage paths and evidence of waterlogging or scour. C Only the market value of adjacent commercial properties. D Only the design speed of a distant highway section.

Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19

A preliminary alignment passes near two possible aggregate sources. Which survey programme would best support a later decision on their use in highway works?

A Select the nearest source from road distance alone, without testing the material. B Use the surface colour of the quarry rock as the sole acceptance criterion. C Investigate available quantities, representative material properties, accessibility, transport lead and environmental or regulatory constraints. D Assume both sources have identical quality because they lie in the same district.

Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20

A proposed embankment crosses an area of soft soil with a high groundwater table. Which investigation is most appropriate before finalizing its earthwork design and stability provisions?

A Use only a traffic classified-volume count and assume all foundation soils are equal. B Adopt the highest historical pavement thickness as the full embankment foundation design. C Select a rigid pavement surface and omit any assessment of settlement. D Conduct suitable geotechnical investigations of stratification, strength, compressibility and groundwater conditions, with further testing where needed.

Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21

Two reconnaissance alternatives cross a hill region, but one passes beneath a rockfall-prone cliff. Which next step best uses the findings before advancing the final centre line?

A Flag the hazard in the alignment comparison and undertake appropriate geological or geotechnical examination of the affected corridor and feasible alternatives. B Adopt the cliff route because proximity to exposed rock automatically ensures a stable roadway. C Specify a thicker bituminous surface and treat that change as complete rockfall protection. D Delete the rockfall observation because geological hazards are outside highway survey work.

Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22

A highway centre line has been finalized, and the authority needs accurate right-of-way boundaries and setting-out information for construction and land acquisition. Which activity is most relevant now?

A Repeat only the state-wide small-scale map study and omit ground controls. B Carry out final location and detailed surveys with centre-line references, topographic details, boundaries and appropriate control points. C Use projected population alone to mark the road land boundary. D Determine land acquisition solely from the total pavement thickness.

Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23

At reconnaissance, Route A is estimated to require 50,000 m3 of excavation and a bridge costing Rs. 9 crore. Route B needs 80,000 m3 of excavation and a bridge costing Rs. 5 crore. Assume excavation costs Rs. 400/m3 for both routes, and consider only these two cost items. Which comparison is correct?

A Route A costs Rs. 2.0 crore and Route B costs Rs. 3.2 crore in total. B Route A and B each cost Rs. 11 crore when both items are included. C Route A totals Rs. 11.0 crore; Route B totals Rs. 8.2 crore, so B is lower by Rs. 2.8 crore for the specified items. D Route B totals Rs. 12.2 crore and exceeds Route A by Rs. 1.2 crore.

Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24

After preliminary survey, the design office proposes a final alignment based on a digital terrain model. A later site visit reveals that a recent development has altered drainage and blocked part of the intended corridor. What is the most appropriate response?

A Continue with the original line because digital models always supersede observed field changes. B Reduce only the posted speed while ignoring the new physical obstruction. C Transfer the digital centre line directly to construction without checking its field feasibility. D Reconcile the model with current ground conditions, revise the alignment or drainage solution as necessary, and verify changes before final setting out.

Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25

A levelling survey uses a benchmark of RL 125.40 m. A backsight of 1.85 m is taken on the benchmark and a foresight of 2.60 m on a highway centre-line point from the same instrument setup. What is the RL of that point?

A 124.65 m. B 129.85 m. C 126.15 m. D 123.55 m.

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