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Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
Which statement most accurately places riveted structural joints in the present Indian steel-design context?
Explanation:
Riveted connections remain important for understanding older steel structures and classical connection theory. IS 800:2007 still recognizes rivets among structural connectors and contains provisions referring to riveted construction. The HMWSSB syllabus explicitly includes riveted joints, so their analysis remains examination-relevant. Modern steel construction, however, commonly uses bolted and welded connections because of contemporary fabrication and erection practice. Therefore Option B is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
Which pairing correctly identifies Indian Standards referenced for structural rivets in IS 800:2007?
Explanation:
IS 800:2007 states that rivets shall conform to IS 1929 and IS 2155 as appropriate. IS 1929 covers hot-forged steel rivets for hot closing in its specified diameter range. IS 2155 covers cold-forged solid steel rivets for hot closing in its specified smaller diameter range. These are product specifications and should be distinguished from the general structural-design provisions of IS 800. Therefore Option A is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
What characterizes a conventional riveted lap joint?
Explanation:
In a lap joint, one connected plate overlaps the other plate. Rivets pass through the common overlapping region to transfer force between the plates. For the ordinary two-plate lap joint, each rivet is subjected principally to one shear plane. The eccentricity caused by the offset plate centrelines may produce secondary effects in real joints, although elementary joint-strength calculations normally focus on shear, bearing and plate tearing. Therefore Option B is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
Which statement correctly compares the usual shear condition of rivets in single-cover and double-cover butt joints?
Explanation:
In a butt joint, the two main plates terminate against each other rather than overlapping. A single-cover butt joint has one cover plate, so the load transfer through a rivet normally produces one shear plane. A symmetric double-cover butt joint has cover plates on both sides of the main plate and normally develops two shear planes through each rivet. This difference materially affects the shear strength assigned to the rivet in classical joint calculations. Therefore Option C is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
Which statement correctly defines pitch and gauge in a regular riveted joint?
Explanation:
Pitch describes the repeated spacing of fasteners along a particular rivet row. In the usual longitudinal loading arrangement, it is measured centre to centre between consecutive rivets in that row. Gauge is measured transversely between adjacent parallel rows of rivets. Both dimensions influence net section, load transfer and practical detailing of the joint. Therefore Option B is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
According to the IS 800:2007 fastener terminology, how are edge distance and end distance distinguished?
Explanation:
IS 800 distinguishes edge and end distances by their orientation relative to the direction of force transfer. Edge distance is measured at right angles to the direction of stress from the hole centre to the adjacent plate edge. End distance is measured in the direction of stress from the hole centre to the end of the connected element. Adequate distances are needed to reduce risks such as edge tearing and inadequate bearing behaviour. Therefore Option B is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
Under the general fastener-spacing rule of IS 800:2007, what is the minimum centre-to-centre spacing between fasteners of nominal diameter d?
Explanation:
IS 800:2007 specifies that the distance between centres of fasteners shall not be less than 2.5 times the nominal fastener diameter. This minimum spacing provides adequate material between holes and practical space for fabrication. The same 2.5d value is also familiar from traditional riveted-joint detailing. Larger spacing may be necessary because of other connection requirements. Therefore Option C is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
Under the legacy IS 800:1984 Working Stress provisions, what permissible shear and bearing stresses were specified for mild-steel power-driven shop rivets?
Explanation:
The older IS 800:1984 Working Stress framework explicitly tabulated permissible stresses for rivets. For mild-steel power-driven rivets, the tabulated permissible shear stress was 100 MPa. The corresponding permissible bearing stress was 300 MPa. These values are useful for syllabus-based classical riveted-joint calculations but should not be confused with the current Limit State design format for modern bolted connections. Therefore Option B is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
In the legacy IS 800:1984 Working Stress provisions, how were permissible stresses for field rivets related to those for corresponding shop rivets?
Explanation:
IS 800:1984 included a specific reduction for rivets driven in the field. The permissible stresses for field rivets were reduced by 10 percent from the corresponding tabulated values. Thus a 100 MPa shop-rivet permissible shear stress would become 90 MPa for the corresponding field rivet. The reduction reflected the greater variability associated with field riveting compared with controlled shop riveting. Therefore Option C is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
Under the legacy IS 800:1984 rivet provisions, what hole diameter was used for an 18 mm nominal rivet when the nominal rivet diameter did not exceed 25 mm?
Explanation:
The legacy provision took the rivet-hole diameter as the nominal rivet diameter plus 1.5 mm for nominal diameters up to and including 25 mm. For an 18 mm nominal rivet, the corresponding hole diameter is therefore 18 + 1.5 = 19.5 mm. IS 800:1984 also treated the hole diameter as the effective rivet diameter for calculating shear and bearing stresses. This convention must be stated explicitly when solving historical riveted-joint problems because it differs from simply using the nominal rivet diameter. Therefore Option C is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
Using the legacy Working Stress convention, an 18 mm nominal rivet has effective diameter 19.5 mm and permissible shear stress 80 MPa. What is its single-shear strength?
Explanation:
The single-shear area is pi d squared divided by four. With the stated effective diameter d = 19.5 mm, the area is approximately 298.65 mm². Multiplying by the permissible shear stress of 80 N/mm² gives approximately 23892 N. This is about 23.89 kN. Therefore Option B is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
The same 18 mm nominal rivet with effective diameter 19.5 mm and permissible shear stress 80 MPa is placed in ideal double shear. What shear strength is obtained?
Explanation:
The single-shear strength of the stated rivet is approximately 23.89 kN. Under the stated structural idealization, double shear provides two effective shear planes. The shear strength is therefore twice the corresponding single-shear value. This gives 2 × 23.89 = approximately 47.78 kN. Therefore Option C is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
An 18 mm nominal rivet is taken to have effective diameter 19.5 mm in the legacy calculation. It connects a 10 mm thick governing plate and the permissible bearing stress is 250 MPa. What is the bearing strength of one rivet?
Explanation:
The classical bearing strength is calculated as effective rivet diameter multiplied by the governing plate thickness and permissible bearing stress. Here the effective diameter is 19.5 mm and the plate thickness is 10 mm. Thus the bearing resistance is 19.5 × 10 × 250 = 48750 N. This is equal to 48.75 kN. Therefore Option C is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
For the rivet described above, the single-shear strength is 23.89 kN and bearing strength is 48.75 kN. What is the classical rivet value when the rivet is in single shear?
Explanation:
The classical rivet value is the smaller of the rivet strength governed by shear and the strength governed by bearing. In this case the single-shear capacity is 23.89 kN. The bearing capacity is higher at 48.75 kN. Therefore shear governs and the rivet value is 23.89 kN. Hence Option A is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
For the same rivet used in a symmetric double-cover butt joint, its ideal double-shear strength is 47.78 kN and its governing bearing strength is 48.75 kN. What is its classical rivet value?
Explanation:
The rivet value is still determined by the weaker of shear and bearing. Double shear raises the stated shear resistance to 47.78 kN. The bearing resistance is slightly larger at 48.75 kN. The smaller value is therefore 47.78 kN and shear remains the governing rivet mode. Therefore Option B is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
For one pitch length of a single-riveted lap joint, which expression gives the classical tearing strength of a plate when p is pitch, d0 is rivet-hole diameter, t is plate thickness and sigma_t is permissible tensile stress?
Explanation:
A rivet hole removes material from the tensile net section of the plate. In one pitch length of a single-riveted joint, the net width across a straight failure section is p minus one hole diameter. Multiplying this net width by plate thickness gives the net tensile area. The tearing strength is therefore (p - d0)t sigma_t under the stated classical Working Stress model. Therefore Option B is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
A single-riveted lap joint has pitch p = 60 mm, rivet-hole diameter d0 = 19.5 mm, plate thickness t = 10 mm and permissible plate tensile stress 150 MPa. What is the plate tearing strength per pitch length?
Explanation:
The net width across one hole is p - d0 = 60 - 19.5 = 40.5 mm. The corresponding net tensile area is 40.5 × 10 = 405 mm². Multiplying by the permissible tensile stress gives 405 × 150 = 60750 N. This is equal to 60.75 kN. Therefore Option C is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
For the single-riveted lap joint in the previous question, take rivet single-shear strength = 23.89 kN, bearing strength = 48.75 kN and plate tearing strength = 60.75 kN. The strength of the corresponding solid plate per pitch is 90.0 kN. What is the joint efficiency?
Explanation:
The joint strength per pitch is governed by the weakest relevant failure mode. The three stated strengths are 23.89 kN in rivet shear, 48.75 kN in bearing and 60.75 kN in plate tearing. The minimum is therefore 23.89 kN. Joint efficiency is 23.89 divided by 90.0, multiplied by 100, which is approximately 26.5 percent. Therefore Option A is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
A double-riveted chain lap joint has two rivets per pitch length. Take p = 70 mm, d0 = 19.5 mm, t = 10 mm, permissible plate tensile stress = 150 MPa, single-shear strength per rivet = 23.89 kN and bearing strength per rivet = 48.75 kN. Which failure mode governs the strength per pitch?
Explanation:
A straight transverse section through the two chain rivet holes has net width 70 - 2(19.5) = 31 mm. Its tearing strength is therefore 31 × 10 × 150 = 46.5 kN. Two rivets in single shear provide 2 × 23.89 = 47.78 kN, while bearing resistance is 2 × 48.75 = 97.5 kN. The smallest of these relevant joint strengths is 46.5 kN, so plate tearing governs. Therefore Option A is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
For the double-riveted chain joint in the previous question, the governing joint strength is 46.5 kN per pitch and the strength of the unpunched solid plate over one 70 mm pitch is 105 kN. What is the joint efficiency?
Explanation:
Joint efficiency is the joint strength divided by the corresponding strength of the solid unpunched plate. The governing joint strength is given as 46.5 kN. The solid plate strength is 105 kN. Hence the efficiency is 46.5/105 × 100 = approximately 44.29 percent. Therefore Option B is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
A concentric connection must transfer 180 kN using identical rivets having a classical rivet value of 23.89 kN each. Ignoring plate tearing and other group effects, what minimum number of rivets is required?
Explanation:
The required number based on rivet value alone is the applied load divided by the capacity of one rivet. This gives 180/23.89 = approximately 7.53. A fractional rivet cannot be provided, so the result must be rounded upward. At least eight rivets are therefore required by this calculation. Hence Option C is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
For a classical riveted tension joint, which principle correctly determines the strength of the joint?
Explanation:
A connection fails when the first critical failure mode reaches its capacity. Possible modes include shearing of the rivets, bearing or crushing at the rivet-plate interface and tearing of the connected plate. Each relevant strength must therefore be evaluated for the actual joint geometry. The smallest calculated resistance determines the classical joint capacity. Therefore Option C is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
In a staggered or zigzag riveted tension joint, why can the net-section check be more involved than simply subtracting all hole diameters from one straight transverse section?
Explanation:
Staggering creates possible rupture paths that are not purely perpendicular to the applied tension. A critical net section can follow a zigzag path between holes in adjacent rows. Classical net-section calculations therefore include a stagger correction related to the longitudinal stagger and transverse gauge. Both straight and appropriate zigzag paths should be examined to identify the weakest net section. Therefore Option A is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
For an eccentrically loaded rivet group subjected to an in-plane force P acting at eccentricity e from the group centroid, which statement describes the usual elementary elastic analysis?
Explanation:
The eccentric load is replaced by a force through the rivet-group centroid together with a moment Pe. The direct force is ordinarily shared equally as P/n when identical rivets and the elementary elastic model are assumed. The moment produces secondary shear in each rivet proportional to its radial distance from the group centroid and perpendicular to its radius vector. The direct and secondary shear vectors must then be combined vectorially for each rivet to identify the most highly loaded one. Therefore Option B is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
Four identical rivets are located at coordinates (±50 mm, ±50 mm) about their group centroid. A vertical downward load of 40 kN acts 100 mm to the right of the centroid, producing a clockwise moment. Using direct shear P/n and secondary shear Vmi = Mri/Σr², what is the maximum resultant force in any rivet?
Explanation:
The direct shear on each of the four rivets is 40/4 = 10 kN downward. The applied eccentric moment is 40 × 100 = 4000 kN-mm clockwise, so the secondary rivet forces must form a counterclockwise resisting moment. Each rivet has r² = 50² + 50² = 5000 mm² and Σr² = 20000 mm², giving a secondary shear magnitude of 4000 × 70.71/20000 = 14.14 kN, with 10 kN horizontal and 10 kN vertical components. At the two left-hand rivets, the secondary vertical component acts downward with the 10 kN direct shear, producing components of 10 kN horizontally and 20 kN vertically and hence a resultant of √(10² + 20²) = 22.36 kN. Therefore Option D is correct.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: B. Riveted joints remain a legitimate syllabus and legacy-structure topic, while modern structural construction commonly relies more on bolted and welded connections సమాధానం: B.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: A. IS 1929 for hot-forged steel rivets for hot closing and IS 2155 for cold-forged solid steel rivets for hot closing సమాధానం: A.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: B. The two plates overlap each other and are connected by rivets passing through the overlapping portion సమాధానం: B.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: C. Rivets are normally in single shear in a single-cover butt joint and double shear in a symmetric double-cover butt joint సమాధానం: C.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: B. Pitch is the centre-to-centre distance between consecutive rivets in the same row, while gauge is the transverse centre-to-centre distance between adjacent rivet rows సమాధానం: B.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: B. Edge distance is measured at right angles to the direction of stress, while end distance is measured in the direction of stress సమాధానం: B.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: C. 2.5d సమాధానం: C.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: B. 100 MPa in shear and 300 MPa in bearing సమాధానం: B.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: C. They were reduced by 10 percent సమాధానం: C.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: C. 19.5 mm సమాధానం: C.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: B. 23.89 kN సమాధానం: B.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: C. 47.78 kN సమాధానం: C.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: C. 48.75 kN సమాధానం: C.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: A. 23.89 kN సమాధానం: A.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: B. 47.78 kN సమాధానం: B.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: B. (p - d0)t sigma_t సమాధానం: B.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: C. 60.75 kN సమాధానం: C.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: A. 26.5 percent సమాధానం: A.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: A. Plate tearing at 46.5 kN సమాధానం: A.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: B. 44.3 percent సమాధానం: B.
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Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: C. 8 సమాధానం: C.
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Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: C. The least strength among the relevant plate-tearing, rivet-shear and rivet-bearing failure modes governs సమాధానం: C.
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Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: A. A diagonal zigzag rupture path can pass between staggered holes and may have to be checked in addition to straight paths సమాధానం: A.
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Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: B. Each rivet receives a direct shear P/n plus a secondary shear due to moment Pe, with the secondary shear proportional to its distance from the rivet-group centroid సమాధానం: B.
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Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: D. 22.36 kN సమాధానం: D.
