Please keep at least one language enabled. || కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
An existing municipal water-treatment plant must be upgraded while maintaining uninterrupted supply to consumers. The project includes civil modifications, new equipment installation, temporary bypass arrangements and final commissioning. Which planning approach is MOST appropriate before fixing the construction schedule?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Upgrading an operating water-treatment plant is more complex than constructing an isolated new facility. The existing installation must continue meeting its essential service requirements. A work breakdown structure helps identify civil, mechanical, electrical and commissioning work packages. Operational constraints and temporary supply arrangements must be incorporated into the execution strategy. Isolation and commissioning milestones establish important precedence relationships. A phased integrated schedule is therefore more defensible than selecting activities solely by their individual durations.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
A public works tender uses the disclosed criterion of awarding the contract to the lowest evaluated substantially responsive and qualified bidder. Bidder A quotes ₹96 lakh but fails a mandatory technical requirement. Bidder B quotes ₹101 lakh and meets all requirements. Bidder C quotes ₹103 lakh and also meets all requirements. No other evaluation adjustments apply. Which recommendation is correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Tender evaluation must follow the qualification and responsiveness conditions disclosed in the bidding documents. Bidder A has the lowest quoted price but fails a mandatory technical requirement. That deficiency prevents A from being selected under the stated evaluation rule. Both B and C meet the necessary requirements. Bidder B has the lower evaluated price of the two eligible bids. Therefore B is the correct recommendation, subject to the stipulated approval and award procedures.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
A pipeline tender contains a bill-of-quantities item of 1,000 m at a quoted unit rate of ₹2,400/m, but the bidder writes its amount as ₹22,00,000. Other correctly calculated items total ₹60,00,000, and the submitted grand total is ₹82,00,000. The tender explicitly states that the QUOTED UNIT RATE governs this type of multiplication error, subject to the specified correction procedure. What is the corrected evaluated total?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The quantity of the pipeline item is one thousand metres. Multiplying it by the governing quoted rate of ₹2,400 per metre gives ₹24,00,000. The bidder has entered ₹22,00,000 for that item, which is ₹2,00,000 lower than the calculated amount. Other correctly calculated items total ₹60,00,000. The corrected total is therefore ₹24,00,000 + ₹60,00,000 = ₹84,00,000. The correction is justified here because the question expressly states that the tender's arithmetic-correction rule gives precedence to the quoted unit rate.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
A water-supply project involves laying pipelines through locations where actual rock excavation quantities cannot be accurately established before construction. The employer has reliable technical specifications and can measure completed quantities, but the final quantities may differ substantially from estimates. Which contract pricing arrangement is MOST suitable for this quantity uncertainty?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The principal uncertainty concerns the quantity of work rather than the basic technical specification. A remeasurement arrangement permits payment using actual quantities measured under the contract. Agreed item rates provide a basis for valuing the corresponding work. This approach can accommodate differences between estimated and executed quantities, subject to the contract provisions. A rigid lump-sum arrangement may require more extensive risk pricing or change-management provisions for uncertain quantities. Proper measurement rules and clearly defined work items remain essential to controlling cost and disputes.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
During the bidding period for a sewage-treatment plant, the employer changes the specified pump capacity and associated electrical requirements. The change materially affects bidders' designs and prices. What is the MOST appropriate tender-management action?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Pump capacity and electrical requirements directly affect technical compliance and tender prices. A material modification must be communicated transparently through the applicable bidding procedure. Issuing a formal amendment makes the revised requirements available on an equal basis. Bidders should have adequate opportunity to revise their submissions. An extension of the bid deadline may be necessary depending on the significance and timing of the amendment. Selective disclosure or an undisclosed post-award change would undermine fair procurement.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
A pumping-station commissioning network has A = 6 days for pipe installation and B = 4 days for thrust-block construction, both starting at time zero. C = 3 days of required curing follows B. D = 2 days of pressure testing follows BOTH A and C, and E = 1 day of commissioning follows D. All relationships are zero-lag finish-to-start. What is the earliest feasible project completion?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Pipe installation A finishes at time six. Thrust-block construction B finishes at time four. The curing activity C then runs from time four to time seven. Pressure testing D cannot start until both A and C are complete, so its earliest start is time seven. Testing finishes at time nine and commissioning takes one further day. The earliest project completion is therefore ten days, controlled by B–C–D–E.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
A construction project has independent starting activities A = 4 days and B = 6 days. C = 5 days follows A, D = 3 days follows B, and E = 2 days follows BOTH C and D. All relationships are zero-lag finish-to-start. Which statement correctly identifies the original CPM schedule?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The A–C branch takes 4 + 5 = 9 days to reach E. The B–D branch takes 6 + 3 = 9 days. Both incoming branches therefore determine the earliest start of E. Activity E adds two days after both branches are complete. The resulting project duration is eleven days. Since both complete start-to-finish paths have the same duration, the network contains two critical paths.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
A construction network contains initial A = 4 days and B = 5 days; C = 6 days follows A; D = 4 days follows B; and E = 2 days follows BOTH C and D. The original project duration is 12 days. A material-delivery problem increases D from 4 to 6 days, with all other durations unchanged. What is the revised project duration and controlling path?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Originally A–C–E takes 4 + 6 + 2 = 12 days. The competing B–D–E path takes 5 + 4 + 2 = 11 days. Increasing D to six days changes B–D–E to 5 + 6 + 2 = 13 days. The A–C–E path remains twelve days long. Consequently the revised project completion becomes thirteen days. The controlling path switches to B–D–E, and a two-day activity-duration increase causes only one day of project delay.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
An AON network has A = 4 and B = 6 days as initial activities; C = 3 follows A; D = 4 follows B; E = 2 follows BOTH C and D; F = 4 follows C; and G = 1 follows BOTH E and F. All links are zero-lag finish-to-start, and the backward pass uses the earliest project finish. What are the TOTAL FLOAT and FREE FLOAT of C?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Activity C starts at time four and finishes at time seven. E starts at time ten because the B–D branch reaches it at that time. F starts immediately after C at time seven, so C has zero free float. The project completes at time thirteen through B–D–E–G. The backward pass gives F a latest start of time eight and therefore gives C a latest finish of time eight. C has total float 8 - 7 = 1 day, while its free float remains zero.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
A construction project's unrestricted CPM completion is 18 days. A separate activity path requiring 15 days has 3 days of path float. An employer-related access restriction, assumed to affect ONLY that path, delays its entire execution by 4 days. All other work remains unchanged. Which assessment correctly combines the scheduling calculation with contractual administration?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The originally noncritical path lasts fifteen days compared with the eighteen-day controlling duration. It therefore has three days of path float. A four-day delay makes that path require nineteen days. The revised project duration is max(18, 19) = 19 days, giving a one-day net schedule effect. An employer-related restriction may be relevant to an extension-of-time assessment. However, entitlement cannot be established from the delay duration alone and must be evaluated under the applicable contract and notice requirements.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
A project has two parallel critical branches, A–C and B–D, each requiring 9 days before a COMMON final activity E of 3 days. Only one-day crashing is considered. A can be crashed one day for ₹3 lakh, B one day for ₹2 lakh, and E one day for ₹4 lakh; C and D cannot be crashed. Which plan reduces project completion from 12 to 11 days at the MINIMUM additional direct cost?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Both parallel branches originally require nine days before E can begin. Crashing A alone leaves the B–D branch unchanged at nine days. Crashing B alone similarly leaves A–C controlling the merge. Crashing both A and B would reduce the project by one day at an added direct cost of ₹5 lakh. Alternatively, shortening common activity E by one day reduces both complete critical paths simultaneously. That alternative costs ₹4 lakh and is the least expensive effective project-crashing decision.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
A project has two starting activities A = 3 days and B = 4 days. C = 5 days follows A, while D = 2 days follows B. A and B each require exclusive use of the project's ONLY excavator; C and D do not require it. Activities are non-preemptive, and completion requires BOTH C and D. What are the unrestricted CPM duration and the MINIMUM resource-leveled duration?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Without the excavator restriction, A–C takes eight days and B–D takes six days. The unrestricted CPM duration is therefore eight days. With one excavator, A and B cannot be executed simultaneously. Executing A first allows C to run from time three to eight while B uses the excavator from time three to seven, after which D finishes at time nine. Executing B first would delay A and lead to completion at time twelve. Therefore the minimum resource-leveled duration is nine days.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
A verified acceleration plan reduces a construction project's duration from 14 to 12 days. Normal direct cost is ₹70 lakh, and acceleration raises direct cost to ₹74 lakh. Time-related site overhead is ₹3 lakh per project day in either plan, and no other costs change. What is the TOTAL project-cost implication of adopting the accelerated schedule?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The normal plan incurs direct cost of ₹70 lakh. Its indirect cost is 14 × ₹3 = ₹42 lakh, making total cost ₹112 lakh. The accelerated plan incurs direct cost of ₹74 lakh. Its indirect cost is 12 × ₹3 = ₹36 lakh, making total cost ₹110 lakh. Although direct cost increases by ₹4 lakh, overhead decreases by ₹6 lakh. The net project-cost saving is therefore ₹2 lakh.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
A project consists ONLY of three sequential independent activities having PERT estimates A: (2,5,8), B: (1,4,13) and C: (2,5,14) days. Assume conventional PERT expected-time and variance formulas and an approximately normal project completion time. What is the probability of finishing BY day 19? Use Phi(1.00) = 0.8413.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The three expected activity durations are five, five and six days. Because the activities are sequential, expected project duration is 5 + 5 + 6 = 16 days. Their conventional variances are one, four and four days squared. Independence allows the project variance to be calculated as nine days squared, giving a standard deviation of three days. The target score is Z = (19 - 16)/3 = 1. The supplied cumulative normal probability therefore gives approximately 84.13 percent completion reliability.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
A pumping-station project contains TWO independent parallel work packages, both of which must finish before commissioning can begin. Their probabilities of finishing by the same required milestone are 0.80 and 0.90. Assuming independent completion events and no other milestone requirements, what is the probability that BOTH work packages meet the milestone?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The commissioning milestone requires completion of both work packages. Successful completion of only one package is insufficient. The question explicitly states that their deadline-completion events are independent. The joint probability is therefore the product of the two probabilities. Multiplying 0.80 by 0.90 gives 0.72. Thus the probability that both required work packages finish by the milestone is seventy-two percent.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
A works tender uses a disclosed two-envelope procedure requiring completion of technical and qualification evaluation before financial bids of eligible bidders are opened. An evaluator proposes opening every bidder's financial envelope before finalizing technical compliance. Which decision is appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The specified two-envelope procedure separates technical evaluation from financial evaluation. Technical and qualification requirements must be assessed against the published tender conditions. Opening financial offers prematurely would depart from the stated procedure. Only financial bids of bidders qualifying for that stage should be opened as prescribed. Evaluation criteria should not be changed after submission to favour a particular bidder. Therefore the proposed premature opening is inappropriate.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
A project initially has A = 4 and B = 6 days as independent starts; C = 5 follows A; D = 4 follows B; and E = 2 follows BOTH C and D. An instructed variation adds 2 days to C, without changing other durations or logic. Which combination of CPM assessment and contract administration is most appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Originally the A–C–E path lasts 4 + 5 + 2 = 11 days. The B–D–E path lasts 6 + 4 + 2 = 12 days and controls completion. Adding two days to C makes A–C–E last thirteen days. The competing path remains twelve days, so the revised project duration becomes thirteen days. The instructed two-day activity increase therefore produces a one-day net project-duration increase. Contractual time entitlement requires a separate assessment of the instruction, causation, relevant notices and applicable contract provisions.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
A remeasurement contract specifies 900 m of pipeline installation as the estimated BOQ quantity at an applicable contract rate of ₹1,200/m. The completed and accepted measured quantity is 1,080 m. Assume the same contractual rate remains applicable, with no taxes or other adjustments. What is the payment for this item and its increase over the original estimated amount?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The actual measured quantity is 1,080 metres. Multiplying by the applicable rate of ₹1,200 per metre gives ₹12,96,000. The original estimated amount was 900 × ₹1,200 = ₹10,80,000. The increase in measured quantity is 180 metres. Applying the same rate gives an additional amount of ₹2,16,000. Thus the total item payment is ₹12.96 lakh, which is ₹2.16 lakh above the original estimate.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
A municipal agency intends to procure a new pumping installation through a single contractor responsible for detailed design, equipment supply and construction. The agency can clearly specify required hydraulic capacity, service performance, testing criteria and site constraints. Which procurement strategy BEST matches this intended allocation of responsibilities?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The agency intends to place detailed design and construction responsibilities with one contracting entity. A properly structured design-build arrangement can provide this integrated responsibility. Its success depends on clear employer requirements and measurable performance criteria. Hydraulic capacity, equipment performance and acceptance testing should be specified in the tender documents. Site constraints and interfaces must also be allocated appropriately. Design-build responsibility does not remove the agency's need to define the required project outcomes.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
In a pipeline construction network, activities A and B can start independently. Activity C may start after A alone, whereas activity D must wait for BOTH A and B. An engineer prepares an Activity-on-Arrow network and finds that representing these different predecessor sets requires a dummy link. Which representation principle is correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Activity C requires completion of A but not completion of B. Activity D requires completion of both A and B. These predecessor sets must remain distinct in the scheduling network. An Activity-on-Arrow representation may require a dummy link to express such relationships correctly. A dummy contributes no physical work duration and represents logic only. Creating a false dependency would distort the network and could increase the calculated project duration.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
At a construction progress-review date, a contractor has installed 200 m of a planned 600 m pipeline during the preceding 5 working days. Assume the achieved productivity continues unchanged at a constant rate, with adequate materials and no interruptions. Pressure testing requires 2 working days AFTER all installation is complete. How many additional working days are forecast from the review date until pressure testing is completed?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The achieved installation productivity is 200/5 = 40 metres per working day. Remaining pipeline installation is 600 - 200 = 400 metres. At the stated unchanged productivity, installation of the remaining work takes ten working days. Pressure testing cannot begin until all installation is complete. Testing requires two additional working days. Therefore the forecast remaining duration from the review date is twelve working days.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
A construction project's unconstrained updated CPM forecast is 18 days, but an imposed contractual completion milestone remains at day 15. The schedule is analysed with day 15 imposed as a required finish constraint. What is the resulting project-level FLOAT indication and the appropriate management interpretation?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The updated network forecast requires eighteen days to complete the project. The imposed milestone requires completion by day fifteen. The difference between the constrained required finish and the forecast finish is 15 - 18 = -3 days. This indicates negative three days of project-level float relative to that deadline. It identifies a three-day schedule gap that requires investigation and an appropriate response. It does not by itself establish contractual entitlement to a time extension or determine liability for the delay.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
During evaluation of a public works tender, the lowest evaluated substantially responsive bidder has unusually high mobilization-related prices and low prices for later construction items. The tender conditions permit examination of seriously front-loaded bids. What is the MOST defensible next action?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
An unusually front-loaded tender can create payment and performance-security concerns. However, its evaluation must be governed by the disclosed procurement conditions. A high early-payment component does not necessarily establish a mandatory ground for rejection by itself. Where permitted, the employer may seek clarification or detailed price analysis to understand the pricing structure. Any subsequent acceptance, safeguard or rejection must follow the applicable provisions and be properly justified. Undisclosed changes to quoted rates would not be an appropriate evaluation method.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
A project has A = 5 and B = 4 days as independent starting activities; C = 4 follows A; D = 4 follows B; and E = 3 follows BOTH C and D. The contractor proposes crashing C from 4 to 2 days at an additional direct cost of ₹2 lakh per day reduced. All other activities remain unchanged. What happens to the EARLIEST project completion and direct cost?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The original A–C–E path lasts 5 + 4 + 3 = 12 days. The competing B–D–E path lasts 4 + 4 + 3 = 11 days. Reducing C to two days makes A–C–E last ten days. The eleven-day B–D–E path then becomes controlling, so project completion improves by only one day. The two-day crash of C costs 2 × ₹2 = ₹4 lakh in additional direct expenditure. This demonstrates why a two-day reduction of an originally critical activity does not always produce a two-day project saving.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
A municipal construction project is forecast to finish on day 19 against a contractual day-16 deadline. Hiring additional approved resources would shorten the verified project schedule to day 16 at an extra direct cost of ₹5 lakh. Time-related overhead is ₹2 lakh per project day, and enforceable delay damages are ₹3 lakh for every day beyond day 16. Assume no extension of time is available, the damages apply without reaching any cap, and all other costs remain unchanged. What is the NET total-cost advantage of adopting the acceleration plan?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The proposed acceleration shortens the forecast project duration from nineteen to sixteen days. Three saved days reduce time-related overhead by 3 × ₹2 = ₹6 lakh. Under the explicit contractual assumptions, the accelerated plan also avoids three days of delay damages. Avoided damages amount to 3 × ₹3 = ₹9 lakh. The combined benefit before acceleration expenditure is ₹6 + ₹9 = ₹15 lakh. Deducting the additional direct cost of ₹5 lakh gives a net total-cost advantage of ₹10 lakh.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: D. Develop a work breakdown structure and phased execution strategy incorporating temporary supply, isolation windows, safety requirements, interface milestones and commissioning dependencies. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: B. Recommend B because it has the lowest evaluated price among the responsive and qualified bidders. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: A. ₹84,00,000. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: C. An item-rate or remeasurement contract using defined measurement rules and agreed rates for applicable work items. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: D. Issue a formal amendment to all relevant bidders through the prescribed procedure and allow sufficient opportunity to revise bids, extending the deadline where necessary. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: A. 10 days. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: C. The project lasts 11 days and both A–C–E and B–D–E are critical. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: B. 13 days; B–D–E becomes controlling. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: D. Total float 1 day; free float 0 days. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: B. The calculated project finish moves to day 19, but any contractual extension requires assessment of the applicable event, causation, notices and contract conditions. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: C. Crash common activity E by one day at ₹4 lakh. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: A. 8 days and 9 days respectively. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: D. Total cost decreases from ₹112 lakh to ₹110 lakh, saving ₹2 lakh. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: D. 84.13%. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: A. 72%. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: C. Reject the proposal and complete the required technical and qualification evaluation before opening financial offers of eligible bidders. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: D. The calculated duration changes from 12 to 13 days, and any time entitlement must be assessed under the variation and extension provisions. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: B. Payment ₹12.96 lakh; increase ₹2.16 lakh. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: A. Use an appropriately structured design-build contract with clear performance requirements, design responsibility, interface obligations and acceptance criteria. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: C. Use an appropriate zero-duration dummy activity to preserve the exact precedence logic without introducing a false dependency. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: B. 12 working days. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: D. Negative float of 3 days, indicating that the forecast exceeds the imposed target and recovery or contractual assessment is needed. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: A. Examine the pricing and payment risk, obtain explanations or price analysis under the stated procurement provisions, and take a reasoned decision in accordance with those provisions. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: C. Completion reduces from 12 to 11 days at an added direct cost of ₹4 lakh, with B–D–E becoming critical. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: B. ₹10 lakh net saving. సమాధానం: B.