Please keep at least one language enabled. || కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
An administrative officer requests an abstract estimate at concept stage, while a quantity surveyor requests an abstract of cost after detailed measurements. Which distinction is most appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
An abstract estimate is sometimes used in Indian estimating terminology for an approximate or preliminary estimate. Such an estimate supports an early financial decision before complete itemwise measurements are available. An abstract of cost ordinarily summarizes priced items derived from a detailed estimate. Its amount column follows the quantities and applicable rates for defined work items. Stating the purpose and supporting documents prevents confusion between the two usages.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
For a detailed estimate of a pump-house, which sequence correctly develops a defensible abstract of cost?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The drawings and specifications establish the scope of each measurable item. Detailed measurement calculations produce the quantities to be transferred into the abstract. Corresponding unit rates are applied to those quantities to obtain item amounts. These amounts are grouped and summed to produce work subtotals. Identified allowances are added only on their stated basis to produce the estimated total.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
An abstract shows a line headed "RCC, M25, foundations" with quantity 18 m3, rate Rs 7,800 per m3 and amount Rs 1,40,400. Which information is essential before comparing it with another RCC rate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
An abstract line represents a defined item of work rather than a material name alone. A concrete rate may include or exclude reinforcement and formwork according to its description. Differences in grade, location or placing conditions can also affect the applicable rate. Comparing prices without first comparing item inclusions can produce a false cost difference. The quantity, unit and specified scope should therefore be checked together.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
A schedule item for protective coating is priced at Rs 12,000 per 100 m2. The abstract records a measured area of 250 m2. What amount is correct when no other charges apply?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The quoted rate applies to 100 square metres rather than to one square metre. The measured area contains 250/100 = 2.5 rate units. The amount is therefore 2.5 multiplied by Rs 12,000. The correct entry is Rs 30,000. Checking the denominator of a scheduled rate prevents a hundredfold estimating error.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
An abstract includes 18 m3 of concrete at an adopted rate of Rs 6,500 per m3. With no separate allowances for this line item, what amount should be entered?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The concrete quantity is 18 cubic metres. The corresponding price is Rs 6,500 for each cubic metre. The item amount equals quantity multiplied by the compatible unit rate. Multiplication gives 18 x 6,500 = Rs 1,17,000. The abstract should show this amount without inventing an additional percentage.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
An abstract lists excavation 45 m3 at Rs 800/m3, concrete 8 m3 at Rs 7,000/m3 and plaster 60 m2 at Rs 400/m2. A separate fixed allowance of Rs 12,000 is expressly added after the work subtotal. What is the final estimated total?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Excavation costs 45 x 800 = Rs 36,000. Concrete costs 8 x 7,000 = Rs 56,000. Plaster costs 60 x 400 = Rs 24,000. The item subtotal is Rs 1,16,000, and adding the given fixed allowance of Rs 12,000 gives Rs 1,28,000. No percentage allowance is implied because the question supplies an amount directly.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
Consider these statements: 1. The abstract of cost may be organized under work subheads. 2. Its item quantities should be traceable to detailed measurements or another justified quantity basis. 3. The amount for an item is obtained by adding its numeric quantity to its unit rate. Which statements are correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Organizing an abstract by work subheads can make a project estimate easier to review. Item quantities need a checkable derivation from measurements or other documented methods. Quantity and rate have different units and cannot be added to determine money. The usual item amount is quantity multiplied by the rate for its unit. Therefore the third statement is incorrect while the first two are correct.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
The measurement sheet supports 15 m3 of brickwork at Rs 4,200/m3, but 25 m3 was accidentally entered in the abstract. By what amount is that abstract item overstated?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The quantity entered in the abstract exceeds the supported quantity by 25 - 15 = 10 m3. The given unit rate is Rs 4,200 per cubic metre. The excess amount is 10 multiplied by Rs 4,200. This produces an overstatement of Rs 42,000. Comparing abstract quantities with detailed measurement totals detects this type of transfer error.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
A works subtotal is Rs 8,40,000. The estimate explicitly adds contingencies of 3% OF THIS WORKS SUBTOTAL and a separate fixed testing allowance of Rs 10,000, with no other additions. What is the estimated total?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The specified base for contingencies is the works subtotal of Rs 8,40,000. Three percent of this base is Rs 25,200. The testing allowance is the separate fixed amount of Rs 10,000. The total is 8,40,000 + 25,200 + 10,000 = Rs 8,75,200. The fixed testing amount is not included in the percentage base because the question expressly limits that base.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
A project abstract contains civil work Rs 4,00,000, electrical work Rs 1,50,000 and external works Rs 60,000. A special allowance of 5% is prescribed ONLY ON THE CIVIL WORK SUBTOTAL. No other addition is applicable. What is the estimated project cost?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The civil work subtotal is Rs 4,00,000. Five percent of that subtotal is Rs 20,000. Electrical and external works are excluded from the special allowance base as stated. Adding 4,00,000 + 1,50,000 + 60,000 + 20,000 gives Rs 6,30,000. Applying five percent to the entire project would not follow the specified estimating condition.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
Separate abstracts for a pumping station contain civil work Rs 2,85,000, mechanical work Rs 1,90,000 and electrical work Rs 95,000. A general project summary also includes a fixed site-utility provision of Rs 40,000 not priced in those abstracts. What is the grand total?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The civil, mechanical and electrical abstracts represent distinct parts of the project. Their combined subtotal is Rs 2,85,000 + Rs 1,90,000 + Rs 95,000. This sum equals Rs 5,70,000. The unpriced site-utility provision adds a further Rs 40,000. The resulting general abstract total is Rs 6,10,000.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
A scheduled pipeline item rate expressly includes carriage to site, unloading and laying. A draft abstract adds another line for the same carriage and laying operations without any extra scope. What should the checking engineer do?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
An item rate must be read together with its description and inclusions. Transport and laying may already be components of the priced pipeline item. Charging those same activities again would duplicate the estimated expenditure. A separate item is defensible only if it covers genuinely additional work outside the original inclusion. Reviewing rate descriptions is therefore as important as checking multiplication.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
A measurement sheet gives 24.60 m3 of an item, while the abstract incorrectly records 25.60 m3 at Rs 7,800/m3. Which correction is necessary, assuming no measurement-rule adjustment?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The detailed measurement quantity is the supported value of 24.60 cubic metres. The abstract quantity exceeds it by 1.00 cubic metre. At Rs 7,800 per cubic metre, the excess amount is Rs 7,800. The quantity and resulting amount should both be corrected in the abstract. No automatic rounding or deduction can justify retaining the erroneous quantity under the stated conditions.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
An abstract contains reinforcement recorded as 1.8 tonnes, but the adopted schedule rate is Rs 75 per kilogram. What item amount follows from the correct unit conversion?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The scheduled rate is expressed per kilogram, not per tonne. A reinforcement mass of 1.8 tonnes equals 1,800 kilograms. The priced amount is therefore 1,800 multiplied by Rs 75. This gives Rs 1,35,000. The rate unit must be reconciled with the quantity unit before multiplication.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
A plaster item is measured as 125 m2 and its rate is quoted as Rs 5,600 PER 10 m2. What amount should be carried into the abstract?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The rate is for each group of 10 square metres. Dividing 125 by 10 gives 12.5 priced groups. The item amount equals 12.5 multiplied by Rs 5,600. Thus the cost to carry forward is Rs 70,000. The rate denominator must not be mistaken for one square metre.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
A civil-works abstract groups foundation items of Rs 35,000, Rs 68,000 and Rs 45,000 under Subhead A. Subhead B contains only a Rs 42,000 drainage item. No allowances apply. What are the Subhead A subtotal and whole-works subtotal respectively?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The first subhead contains three distinct amounts. Their sum is 35,000 + 68,000 + 45,000 = Rs 1,48,000. The second subhead contributes Rs 42,000. The whole-works subtotal is 1,48,000 + 42,000 = Rs 1,90,000. Separate subhead totals make it easier to reconcile a general abstract.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
At an early stage of a detailed project estimate, a small specialized testing service cannot yet be measured itemwise, but its scope is known sufficiently to support a quoted lump-sum allowance. Which abstract practice is most defensible?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Some project requirements may be more appropriately allowed for provisionally before their full quantities are established. A stated lump-sum item can make such costs visible in the abstract. Its scope and supporting basis should be documented as far as practicable. The allowance should be refined when better information becomes available. It must not be duplicated in another item or an overlapping provision.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
A priced pipeline-laying item already includes trench backfilling, while an estimator separately prices exactly the same backfilling volume with no additional work. What is the appropriate treatment in the cost abstract?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The quantity of backfilling may be physically measurable even when it is included in another item rate. Estimating requires checking whether a measured activity is separately payable under the adopted item definitions. Pricing the same operation twice overstates the work cost. The estimator should revise item boundaries or delete the redundant amount. This is a scope-inclusion error rather than a problem with arithmetic alone.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
A revised measurement shows an item should be 20 m3 instead of 15 m3, while its adopted rate remains Rs 5,000/m3. What increase should appear in the abstract item amount?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The original item quantity is 15 cubic metres. The supported revised quantity is 20 cubic metres, an increase of 5 cubic metres. Applying the unchanged rate of Rs 5,000 per cubic metre gives 5 x 5,000. The corresponding increase in the abstract is Rs 25,000. The revised item quantity and amount should remain traceable to the measurement revision.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
A project abstract lists work items totaling Rs 6,00,000. A fixed safety-testing allowance of Rs 15,000 and a fixed site-survey allowance of Rs 8,000 are explicitly required, with neither included in item rates. Which statement gives the appropriate total?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The estimated work subtotal is Rs 6,00,000. The two fixed provisions are Rs 15,000 and Rs 8,000. Their sum is Rs 23,000, and the question states that neither is already included in rates. Adding both once gives Rs 6,23,000. The abstract should name these provisions so reviewers can verify that their scope is distinct.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
Which statement best distinguishes a concept-stage abstract estimate from an abstract of cost derived from completed detailed measurement calculations?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Approximate estimates support early decisions when not all work quantities are known. They may use comparable unit costs or other declared planning assumptions. An abstract of cost from a detailed estimate reflects defined work items and supported quantities. Its rate and amount columns make the priced work traceable for checking. The level of confidence in each estimate depends on the quality and completeness of the underlying information.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
An abstract is prepared for excavation, reinforcement, formwork and concrete, all priced under ordinary item descriptions. Which unit matching is appropriate unless the specific adopted schedule provides otherwise?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Excavation and concrete are commonly measured by volume. Reinforcing steel is ordinarily quantified by mass. Formwork is generally measured by its contact area with concrete. Different units reflect the nature of work and the basis on which rates are quoted. The abstract must follow the actual adopted item descriptions and measurement rules if these define a more specific basis.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
A project estimate has civil work Rs 5,40,000, mechanical work Rs 2,60,000 and land cost Rs 1,20,000. A project-management allowance of 2% applies ONLY to civil and mechanical works, with no other provisions. What is the total?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Civil and mechanical items total Rs 8,00,000. The specified management allowance applies to this subtotal and excludes the land cost. Two percent of Rs 8,00,000 is Rs 16,000. The total including land is 5,40,000 + 2,60,000 + 1,20,000 + 16,000. The result is Rs 9,36,000 with no allowance applied to land.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
An abstract shows Subhead A as Rs 1,25,000 and Subhead B as Rs 85,000, yet the general abstract records the two subheads together as Rs 2,30,000. No other provision is included in that figure. What should the checker conclude?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The two supported subhead totals are Rs 1,25,000 and Rs 85,000. Their sum is Rs 2,10,000. The general abstract has instead entered Rs 2,30,000. The difference of Rs 20,000 is an overstatement under the stated assumptions. The checker should correct the general subtotal rather than invent an unrecorded allowance.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
A pump-house abstract contains excavation 30 m3 at Rs 900/m3, concrete 12 m3 at Rs 7,500/m3 and pipe laying 60 m at Rs 1,000/m. The estimate adds contingencies of 4% OF THESE THREE ITEM AMOUNTS ONLY and a separate fixed testing provision of Rs 8,000. What is the grand total?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Excavation costs Rs 27,000, concrete costs Rs 90,000 and pipe laying costs Rs 60,000. The direct item subtotal is therefore Rs 1,77,000. Four percent of this expressly defined base is Rs 7,080. The fixed testing provision contributes another Rs 8,000 without entering the percentage base. The estimated grand total is 1,77,000 + 7,080 + 8,000 = Rs 1,92,080.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: B. An abstract estimate may mean a preliminary approximate cost, whereas an abstract of cost summarizes itemwise quantities, rates and amounts from a detailed estimate. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: D. Derive and check item quantities from drawings, apply rates matching each description and unit, summarize item amounts, and then add expressly applicable provisions. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: A. Whether reinforcement, formwork, placement conditions and other specified inclusions are the same in the two item descriptions. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: C. Rs 30,000. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: B. Rs 1,17,000. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: D. Rs 1,28,000. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: A. 1 and 2 only. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: C. Rs 42,000. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: B. Rs 8,75,200. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: A. Rs 6,30,000. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: D. Rs 6,10,000. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: C. Remove the duplicate provision unless a distinct additional service can be justified from the specifications. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: B. Reduce the abstract item amount by Rs 7,800 and replace the abstract quantity with 24.60 m3. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: D. Rs 1,35,000. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: C. Rs 70,000. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: C. Rs 1,48,000 and Rs 1,90,000. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: A. Record the justified provisional or lump-sum item separately, state its scope and basis, and avoid counting it again elsewhere. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: D. Eliminate the overlapping backfilling charge or revise the item scopes so each activity is priced only once. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: C. Rs 25,000. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: D. Rs 6,23,000 because both distinct stated allowances are added once to the work subtotal. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: B. The concept-stage figure can use justified approximate units, whereas the detailed abstract links specified work items to measured quantities and rates. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: A. Excavation in m3, reinforcement by mass, formwork in m2 of contact area and concrete in m3. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: D. Rs 9,36,000. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: C. The general abstract overstates the two-subhead subtotal by Rs 20,000 and should show Rs 2,10,000. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: B. Rs 1,92,080. సమాధానం: B.