Test 15 - Integrated Water Supply Engineering

Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1

Which approach is most appropriate when planning an integrated urban water-supply system?

A Select the treatment process first and determine population and demand afterward B Forecast population and demand, assess source quantity and quality, select treatment, provide storage and transmission, and hydraulically design distribution to meet service requirements C Design the distribution pipes only for present-day average demand and ignore future growth D Use the same treatment and distribution design for every city regardless of source-water characteristics

Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2

Which interpretation of the MoHUA service-level benchmark of 135 LPCD is most appropriate in engineering planning?

A It is a national urban service benchmark that can be used as a stated planning basis, while the complete project must also consider applicable local requirements and non-domestic demands B It is an immutable value that makes population forecasting unnecessary C It represents peak-hour demand rather than average per-capita supply D It includes every possible industrial demand irrespective of local conditions

Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3

A city's census history shows nearly constant absolute population increases from decade to decade rather than a nearly constant percentage growth rate. Which forecasting approach is most directly consistent with that observed pattern?

A Arithmetic increase method B Geometric increase method regardless of the data C Assume zero future growth D Use the present population as the ultimate population

Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4

A town had populations of 120,000, 138,000, 156,000 and 174,000 at successive 10-year censuses. Using the arithmetic increase method, what average domestic water demand should be expected two decades after the latest census if 135 LPCD is adopted?

A 23.49 MLD B 25.92 MLD C 28.35 MLD D 31.05 MLD

Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5

A design population is 200,000. Domestic demand is taken as 135 LPCD, commercial and institutional demand is assumed to equal 12% of domestic demand, and treatment-process losses equal 5% of raw-water inflow. What raw-water inflow is required to deliver the stated demands?

A 27.00 MLD B 30.24 MLD C Approximately 31.83 MLD D Approximately 33.95 MLD

Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6

A system has an average finished-water demand of 30 MLD. For the treatment-plant design check, a maximum-day factor of 1.5 is explicitly specified. If the installed treatment capacity is 42 MLD, what is the correct interpretation?

A The plant has 12 MLD spare capacity B The required maximum-day capacity is 45 MLD, so the plant is short by 3 MLD C The plant is adequate because average demand alone controls all treatment design D The required capacity is 20 MLD

Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7

A surface-water source falls under CPCB Class C for its designated use and is to supply potable water. Which treatment concept is most appropriate?

A Direct supply without treatment B Conventional treatment followed by disinfection C Disinfection only with no conventional treatment D Softening only regardless of turbidity and microbiological quality

Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8

A groundwater source has low turbidity but contains significant dissolved iron and excessive calcium-magnesium hardness. Which integrated treatment concept is most appropriate?

A Aeration or oxidation followed by removal of precipitated iron, suitable softening, and final disinfection B Coagulation alone followed directly by distribution C Disinfection alone because hardness and iron are microbiological contaminants D Sedimentation alone without oxidation or softening

Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9

A surface-water source develops a major increase in organic pollution and chlorine demand. Which integrated engineering response is preferable to simply increasing chlorine dosage without limit?

A Improve upstream removal of organic contaminants and evaluate suitable enhanced treatment before final disinfection B Bypass coagulation and filtration so chlorine contacts more suspended matter C Increase chlorine indefinitely regardless of disinfection-by-product formation D Stop monitoring raw-water quality

Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10

An integrated treatment train has rated capacities of 60 MLD for coagulation-flocculation, 56 MLD for clarification, 52 MLD for filtration and 65 MLD for final disinfection. Ignoring standby requirements, what is the maximum complete-treatment capacity?

A 52 MLD B 56 MLD C 60 MLD D 65 MLD

Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11

A plant has six identical rapid filters, each rated at 10 MLD. The maximum-day treatment requirement is 48 MLD and the design requires one filter to be capable of being out of service. What is the firm filtration capacity and the available margin?

A 50 MLD firm capacity with a 2 MLD margin B 60 MLD firm capacity with a 12 MLD margin C 48 MLD firm capacity with no margin D 40 MLD firm capacity with an 8 MLD deficit

Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12

A distribution main must carry a specified peak-zone flow of 18 MLD. If the selected mean velocity is 1.20 m/s, what internal pipe diameter is required from Q = VA?

A Approximately 300 mm B Approximately 375 mm C Approximately 470 mm D Approximately 600 mm

Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13

A service reservoir has a water-surface hydraulic grade of 160 m. A critical distribution node is at elevation 130 m, and total head loss from the reservoir to that node under the stated design flow is 13 m. What residual pressure head remains at the node?

A 13 m B 17 m C 30 m D 43 m

Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14

A distribution-model node represents 3,500 people. If average residential demand is taken as 135 LPCD and the specified peak factor for the analysed condition is 2.2, what peak nodal demand should be assigned?

A 5.47 L/s B 8.68 L/s C Approximately 12.03 L/s D Approximately 17.19 L/s

Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15

A distribution zone receives 20 MLD at its inlet. For a stated water-balance calculation, losses equal 15% of the zone inflow. What quantity remains for authorized delivery if no other water-balance components are included?

A 3 MLD B 15 MLD C 17 MLD D 23 MLD

Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16

Customers must receive 24 MLD. Distribution losses are specified as 12% of distribution-system inflow, and treatment losses are specified as 4% of raw-water inflow. Assuming no other losses, what raw-water intake is required?

A 24.00 MLD B 25.92 MLD C 27.27 MLD D Approximately 28.41 MLD

Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17

For a 24×7 operational zone having an average daily demand of 30 MLD, the design team explicitly adopts the CPHEEO addendum option of buffer storage equal to 33.33% of average daily demand rather than a separately computed mass-balance volume. What storage capacity results?

A 5 ML B 10 ML C 15 ML D 30 ML

Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18

Why can the instantaneous peak flow in a distribution network be substantially higher than the relatively steady output of upstream treatment facilities without requiring the entire treatment plant to follow every hourly consumption fluctuation?

A Service storage can balance short-term differences between upstream supply and fluctuating consumer demand B Peak demand is ignored in distribution design C Water-treatment units automatically create additional water during peak hours D Pipe friction becomes zero during peak consumption

Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19

A newly planned urban sector has a rectangular road pattern, significant fire-flow requirements and a need to maintain service through alternative routes during individual-main repairs. Which distribution layout is most suitable?

A Gridiron or another suitably looped network B Pure dead-end network with no interconnections C Single terminal main D A layout selected solely from treatment-plant capacity

Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20

Which engineering decision best improves reliability when a major distribution main forms part of a looped network?

A Provide properly located isolation valves so the damaged segment can be closed while alternative paths remain in service B Remove all valves so flow cannot be interrupted C Convert every loop into an unconnected dead end D Operate all pipes at zero residual pressure

Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21

A treatment plant processes 28 MLD and the required applied chlorine dose is 2.0 mg/L. What theoretical chlorine mass is required each day?

A 14 kg/day B 28 kg/day C 56 kg/day D 560 kg/day

Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22

A plant treats 36 MLD and provides a dedicated chlorine contact tank with a nominal detention time of 30 minutes. What nominal contact volume is required?

A 375 m3 B 500 m3 C 750 m3 D 1,500 m3

Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23

A raw groundwater has hardness above 700 mg/L as CaCO3 and also contains appreciable turbidity and iron. Which softening strategy is most defensible at preliminary process-selection level?

A Consider lime-soda softening with appropriate clarification and filtration because it is suitable for very high hardness and can integrate removal of precipitated solids B Send the turbid iron-bearing raw water directly through a sodium ion-exchange bed without pretreatment under all conditions C Use chlorination alone because hardness is a microbial problem D Use aeration alone to reduce all calcium and magnesium to zero

Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24

A future design condition requires an average finished-water demand of 34 MLD and the specified treatment design factor is 1.4. Reliable source capacity is 52 MLD, treatment capacity is 50 MLD and the downstream transmission main can carry 45 MLD. What is the immediate hydraulic-capacity conclusion?

A The design requirement is 47.6 MLD, and the 45 MLD transmission main is the bottleneck with a 2.6 MLD deficit B The design requirement is 34 MLD and every component has at least 11 MLD reserve C The source is the bottleneck because 52 MLD is the largest capacity D The treatment plant is deficient by 16 MLD

Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25

Consider the following statements about integrated water-supply engineering: I. Population forecasting and per-capita demand establish only part of total system demand because relevant non-domestic demands and losses may also need consideration. II. Raw-water quality determines which treatment processes are necessary. III. The capacity of a series treatment-conveyance system can be constrained by its lowest-capacity essential component. IV. Distribution design must consider peak demand and residual pressure rather than average daily volume alone. Which option is correct?

A I and II only B I, II and III only C II, III and IV only D I, II, III and IV

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