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Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
In establishing horizontal control around a proposed water-treatment plant, which description most accurately defines a THEODOLITE TRAVERSE?
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Explanation:
A traverse consists of successive survey stations joined by straight survey legs. Theodolite observations establish horizontal directions or angles between those legs. The horizontal lengths of the legs must also be measured or otherwise determined. Starting control and an orientation allow the station positions to be computed. A traverse can form a closed loop or run between different terminals. Such control is useful for setting out pipelines, structures and site boundaries.
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Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
Which statement correctly distinguishes an OPEN traverse from a CLOSED-LOOP traverse in ordinary plane surveying?
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Explanation:
An open traverse proceeds through connected lines without closing on an independently known terminal position. A closed-loop traverse returns to its starting survey station. The loop provides opportunities for angular and coordinate closure checks. A truly open traverse lacks the corresponding independent positional check unless additional control is introduced. Route projects sometimes begin as open traverses along a corridor. For dependable control, connecting the traverse to known stations is preferable where feasible.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
A traverse starts at established control A, passes through new stations, and ends at a DIFFERENT established control point Z with independently known coordinates. What is this arrangement commonly called?
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Explanation:
A connecting or closed-link traverse extends from known starting control to another independently known control point. Its beginning and ending stations need not coincide. The known terminal coordinates permit a check on the computed terminal position. Where suitable orientation control is also available, closing direction can be checked independently. This makes a connected traverse valuable for long engineering corridors. A loop traverse instead returns to the same starting station.
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Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
Before measuring a theodolite traverse around a pumping-station compound, which field procedure best supports accurate and checkable results?
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Explanation:
Reconnaissance helps locate stable stations with clear sight lines between consecutive points. Accurate station marking preserves the identity of each observation position. Theodolite centering and levelling are required before observing reliable horizontal angles. Horizontal distances and angular observations must be booked consistently with station and sight identifiers. Appropriate repeat observations and closing ties make later checks possible. These precautions reduce mistakes that mathematical adjustment cannot reliably repair.
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Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
At a traverse station B, which statement correctly distinguishes an INCLUDED ANGLE from a DEFLECTION ANGLE?
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Explanation:
The included angle at B is the angle between the backsight BA and the forward sight BC within the selected polygon. A deflection angle uses the forward prolongation of AB as its reference. A right deflection denotes a clockwise change of course and a left deflection denotes a counterclockwise change. For a simple traverse with a smaller interior angle, the deflection magnitude is its supplement to 180 degrees. The angle sense must be specified to propagate bearings unambiguously. Mixing included-angle and deflection-angle conventions can produce an incorrect next bearing.
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Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
A simple CLOSED polygon traverse has SEVEN sides, and all its interior horizontal angles have been measured. What is their theoretical sum?
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Explanation:
The sum of the interior angles of a simple plane polygon is (n - 2) multiplied by 180 degrees. A seven-sided traverse has n = 7. Substituting gives (7 - 2) multiplied by 180 degrees. The resulting theoretical sum is 900 degrees. This provides an angular closure check when all seven interior angles have been observed. The formula applies to simple non-self-intersecting polygons and does not require their sides to be equal.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
For a FIVE-sided closed polygon, the observed sum of the five INTERIOR angles is 540°00'50". If angular misclosure is defined as observed sum minus theoretical sum, what is the misclosure?
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Explanation:
A closed five-sided polygon has a theoretical interior-angle sum of (5 - 2) multiplied by 180 degrees. This equals 540°00'00". The observed total is 540°00'50". Subtracting theoretical from observed gives positive 50 seconds. Thus the signed angular misclosure is +0°00'50". A negative total correction of 50 seconds would be required to make the adjusted interior angles sum to 540 degrees.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
A FOUR-sided closed traverse has observed interior angles 89°59'40", 90°00'20", 89°59'50" and 90°00'30". They have equal precision, and the measured sum is to be adjusted by equal corrections. What correction must be added to EACH angle?
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Explanation:
The four observed angles total 360°00'20". The theoretical sum for a quadrilateral is 360°00'00". Hence the signed angular misclosure is positive 20 seconds. The corrections must total negative 20 seconds to remove that excess. Equal weighting gives -20/4 = -5 seconds per angle. Applying these corrections makes the four adjusted angles add to exactly 360 degrees.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
The observed interior-angle sum for a FIVE-sided closed traverse is 539°59'00". Assuming the five observations have equal precision and the misclosure is acceptable for adjustment, what correction is applied to each measured angle?
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Explanation:
The theoretical interior-angle sum for five sides is 540 degrees. The observed total falls short by exactly one minute, or 60 seconds. Thus the observed-minus-theoretical misclosure is -60 seconds. Its correction must have the opposite sign and total +60 seconds. Dividing equally among five angles gives +12 seconds per angle. Corrected angles therefore sum to the required 540 degrees.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
Azimuths are measured clockwise from north. The whole-circle bearing of AB is 68°15'00", and the traverse turns RIGHT through a deflection angle of 32°25'00" at B. What is the whole-circle bearing of BC?
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Explanation:
A right deflection is a clockwise change from the forward direction of the preceding traverse leg. Therefore its magnitude is added to the whole-circle bearing of AB. The given values are 68°15'00" and 32°25'00". Their sum is 100°40'00". The result already lies between zero and 360 degrees, so no wraparound correction is necessary. This is the clockwise azimuth of BC from the same reference north.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
The whole-circle bearing of AB is 12°20'00". At B, the traverse turns LEFT by a deflection angle of 35°40'00". What is the whole-circle bearing of BC, reduced to the range 0° to less than 360°?
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Explanation:
A left deflection produces a counterclockwise change in the forward azimuth. Subtract 35°40'00" from 12°20'00" to obtain -23°20'00". A negative whole-circle bearing is converted into the standard range by adding 360 degrees. Therefore the azimuth of BC is 336°40'00". The result represents a direction slightly west of north. Adding the left deflection would incorrectly treat it as a right turn.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
A traverse has initial whole-circle bearing AB = 330°40'00". At B it turns RIGHT 45°50'00", and at C it turns LEFT 80°20'00". What is the whole-circle bearing of CD?
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Explanation:
The right deflection at B is added to the bearing of AB. This gives 330°40'00" + 45°50'00" = 376°30'00", or BC = 16°30'00" after subtracting 360 degrees. The left deflection at C must then be subtracted. Thus CD has a raw azimuth of 16°30'00" - 80°20'00" = -63°50'00". Adding 360 degrees gives 296°10'00". Both turning senses and the wraparound reductions are necessary for the correct result.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
A simple closed polygon is traversed CLOCKWISE, and its stations lie at successive polygon vertices. The whole-circle bearing of AB is 64°20'00", and the INTERIOR angle at B is 123°40'00". What is the bearing of BC?
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Explanation:
For a clockwise traverse around a simple polygon, the change of course at a convex vertex is a right deflection. That deflection is 180°00'00" minus the given interior angle of 123°40'00". The result is a right deflection of 56°20'00". Add this to the forward bearing AB of 64°20'00". The bearing of BC is therefore 120°40'00". The clockwise orientation and interior-angle convention are essential to establish the correct sign.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
A simple closed polygon is traversed COUNTERCLOCKWISE. The whole-circle bearing of AB is 238°15'00", and the INTERIOR angle at convex vertex B is 75°20'00". What is the whole-circle bearing of BC?
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Explanation:
A counterclockwise traversal of a simple polygon makes a left turn at a convex vertex. The left deflection equals 180 degrees minus the interior angle. Here it is 180°00'00" - 75°20'00" = 104°40'00". Subtract this turning angle from the previous forward bearing of 238°15'00". The resulting bearing of BC is 133°35'00". The specified counterclockwise orientation distinguishes this from the formula for a clockwise traversal.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
The whole-circle bearing of AB is 37°20'00". At station B, the surveyor measures a CLOCKWISE HORIZONTAL ANGLE of 115°35'00" FROM THE BACKSIGHT BA TO THE FORESIGHT BC. What is the bearing of BC?
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Explanation:
The backsight direction at B is BA, which is opposite to AB. Its azimuth is therefore 37°20'00" + 180° = 217°20'00". The stated horizontal angle is measured clockwise from BA to BC. Adding 115°35'00" gives a forward bearing of 332°55'00" for BC. This clockwise-from-backsight observation must not be confused with a right deflection from the forward prolongation of AB. Both the reference direction and angular sense determine how a traverse bearing is propagated.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
The whole-circle bearings of successive lines AB and BC are 140°00'00" and 204°30'00". At convex vertex B of a simple traverse, which pair gives the RIGHT deflection angle and the smaller included angle ABC?
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Explanation:
The azimuth increases clockwise from 140°00'00" to 204°30'00". The right deflection is consequently 204°30'00" - 140°00'00" = 64°30'00". The smaller included angle between the backsight and foresight at B is supplementary to that change of course. Hence the included angle equals 180°00'00" - 64°30'00" = 115°30'00". The two values sum to 180 degrees, as required at a convex traverse corner. The distinction prevents a deflection angle from being mistaken for the interior angle.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
A traverse line PQ has a whole-circle FORE BEARING of 312°15'00". Assuming the same reference meridian at both endpoints and neglecting local disturbances, what is the BACK BEARING of QP?
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Explanation:
The back bearing is the direction of the same straight line viewed in reverse. It differs from the forward bearing by 180 degrees modulo a full revolution. The given bearing of PQ is 312°15'00". Subtracting 180 degrees gives 132°15'00". This is the whole-circle bearing of QP. Correctly finding back bearings is essential when an angle is measured from a backsight to the next forward sight.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
A traverse leg has a WHOLE-CIRCLE BEARING of 234°25'00", measured clockwise from north. What is its equivalent REDUCED or QUADRANT bearing?
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Explanation:
A whole-circle bearing between 180 and 270 degrees lies in the southwest quadrant. The reduced bearing is measured from south toward west in that quadrant. Its acute angular magnitude equals the whole-circle bearing minus 180 degrees. Hence the magnitude is 234°25'00" - 180°00'00" = 54°25'00". The reduced bearing is S 54°25'00" W. Both quadrant letters are necessary to specify the direction unambiguously.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
A simple four-sided closed traverse ABCDA is followed CLOCKWISE. The whole-circle bearing of AB is 65°00'00", and its interior angles at B, C, D and A are 110°, 90°, 80° and 80° respectively. What is the bearing of CD?
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Explanation:
The four interior angles sum to 110 + 90 + 80 + 80 = 360 degrees, satisfying the quadrilateral angular condition. At B, the right deflection is 180 - 110 = 70 degrees, so bearing BC = 65 + 70 = 135 degrees. At C, the right deflection is 180 - 90 = 90 degrees. Therefore bearing CD = 135 + 90 = 225 degrees. As a further check, bearing DA becomes 225 + (180 - 80) = 325 degrees. The final right deflection of 100 degrees at A returns the bearing to 65 degrees modulo 360.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
In a simple CLOCKWISE closed traverse ABCDA, the bearing of the incoming side DA is 306°30'00" and the interior angle at A is 86°30'00". What is the bearing of the outgoing side AB?
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Explanation:
At the convex vertex A of a clockwise traverse, the right deflection is 180 degrees minus its interior angle. The required deflection is 180°00'00" - 86°30'00" = 93°30'00". Add this turning angle to the incoming forward bearing of DA, which is 306°30'00". This yields 400°00'00" before normalization. Subtracting 360 degrees gives the outgoing bearing AB = 40°00'00". This computation is also the bearing-propagation closure operation at station A.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
In a SIMPLE clockwise closed traverse that makes exactly one circuit without self-intersection, RIGHT deflections are taken positive and LEFT deflections negative. What is the theoretical ALGEBRAIC sum of its exterior turning (deflection) angles?
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Explanation:
For a simple closed polygon, the total signed change in travel direction over one complete circuit is one revolution. A clockwise circuit produces a net right turn. Under the question's convention, right turns are positive and left turns are negative. The algebraic sum is therefore +360 degrees. A counterclockwise traversal would yield -360 degrees under the same sign convention. This turning-angle closure is distinct from the interior-angle sum of (n - 2) times 180 degrees.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
A simple closed FOUR-sided traverse is followed CLOCKWISE, with right deflections at all vertices. Three successive right deflections are 95°20'00", 85°10'00" and 100°30'00". What right deflection is required at the remaining vertex for exact angular closure?
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Explanation:
The total right deflection of a simple clockwise closed circuit is 360 degrees. The first two stated right turns total 95°20'00" + 85°10'00" = 180°30'00". Adding the third turn gives 281°00'00". The remaining right turn must be 360°00'00" - 281°00'00" = 79°00'00". The four deflections then sum to one complete revolution. This supplies an alternative angular closure check when deflection angles rather than interior angles have been measured.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
A CONNECTING traverse has a known closing azimuth of 254°20'00" from independent control. Bearing propagation using the observed traverse angles gives a closing azimuth of 254°21'20". With misclosure defined as COMPUTED minus KNOWN closing azimuth, what is its signed angular misclosure?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The known closing azimuth is an independent reference against which the computed orientation can be checked. The computed value is 254°21'20". Subtracting the known 254°20'00" gives +0°01'20". The positive sign follows the explicitly specified computed-minus-known definition. The magnitude of the closing difference is 80 arcseconds. Whether that misclosure is acceptable depends on the applicable survey accuracy requirement and the quality of the angular observations.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
A plane CLOSED-LOOP traverse has four legs with horizontal lengths and azimuths: 200 m at 90°, 150 m at 180°, 198 m at 270°, and 151 m at 0°. Taking east and north as positive coordinate directions, what are its UNADJUSTED closing departures and latitudes and the linear misclosure?
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Explanation:
An azimuth of 90 degrees represents an eastward departure of 200 m, while 270 degrees represents a westward departure of 198 m. The net departure is therefore +200 - 198 = +2 m. The 180-degree leg produces 150 m south latitude, and the zero-degree leg produces 151 m north latitude. The net latitude is consequently -150 + 151 = +1 m. The linear misclosure is the square root of 2 squared plus 1 squared, giving approximately 2.236 m. Angular closure alone would not detect this coordinate discrepancy, which depends on both bearings and measured lengths.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
A closed traverse has a perfectly balanced sum of observed INTERIOR angles, but its computed closing coordinates do not agree with the independently established starting coordinates. Which conclusion is MOST technically justified?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
An interior-angle sum check tests the angular geometry of a closed polygon. It does not independently verify the measured lengths of the traverse legs. Coordinate closure also depends on the propagated bearings and horizontal distances. An incorrect initial orientation can rotate an otherwise internally consistent traverse without affecting its interior-angle total. Differences between computed and established closing coordinates must therefore be examined separately. Proper traverse verification requires both angular and coordinate checks together with appropriate control ties.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: B. A sequence of connected survey lines whose directions or included angles and lengths are measured to determine the stations. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: A. An open traverse does not return to known closing control, whereas a closed-loop traverse returns to its starting station. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: C. A closed-link or connecting traverse. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: D. Reconnoitre and mark stable intervisible stations, centre and level the instrument, observe angles and horizontal distances, and maintain clear field notes. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: B. An included angle is formed by the two adjoining traverse directions at B, while a deflection angle is measured from the forward extension of the preceding line to the next line and is designated right or left. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: C. 900°. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: A. +0°00'50". సమాధానం: A.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: D. -0°00'05". సమాధానం: D.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: B. +0°00'12". సమాధానం: B.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: C. 100°40'00". సమాధానం: C.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: A. 336°40'00". సమాధానం: A.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: D. 296°10'00". సమాధానం: D.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: B. 120°40'00". సమాధానం: B.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: C. 133°35'00". సమాధానం: C.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: A. 332°55'00". సమాధానం: A.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: D. Right deflection 64°30'00"; included angle 115°30'00". సమాధానం: D.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: B. 132°15'00". సమాధానం: B.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: A. S 54°25'00" W. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: C. 225°00'00". సమాధానం: C.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: D. 40°00'00". సమాధానం: D.
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Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: B. +360°. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: A. 79°00'00". సమాధానం: A.
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Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: C. +0°01'20". సమాధానం: C.
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Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: D. Departure +2 m, latitude +1 m, misclosure approximately 2.236 m. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: A. The angular sum is internally consistent, but angular closure alone does not demonstrate linear or positional closure or correct orientation. సమాధానం: A.