Please keep at least one language enabled. || కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
Which statement most accurately distinguishes stone dressing from stone polishing?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Dressing is primarily concerned with obtaining the required geometry, beds, joints, edges and preliminary surface finish of a stone unit. Polishing is a later and finer surface-finishing operation used when a smooth or glossy appearance is required. A stone normally has to be properly cut, shaped and sufficiently level before effective polishing can be carried out. Not every dressed stone requires polishing because many masonry and architectural applications deliberately use tooled, rough or textured surfaces. Therefore Option B correctly separates the functional purposes of dressing and polishing.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
In conventional stone-work terminology, which description best represents a polished surface?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A polished stone surface is characterized by a high degree of smoothness and, for a suitable stone, a high-gloss appearance. The finish is obtained through abrasive treatment rather than merely by coarse hammering or chiselling. Progressively finer surface treatment reduces scratches and irregularities produced by preceding stages. Quarry-faced, rough-tooled and punched finishes intentionally retain much coarser surface textures. Therefore Option A correctly describes a polished stone surface.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
Which procedure is consistent with the conventional CPWD method of producing a polished natural-stone surface?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Conventional specifications describe polishing as an abrasive finishing process rather than an extension of coarse hammer dressing. The surface is rubbed with suitable abrasive material, with water used where required during the operation. Mechanical polishing may also use revolving equipment to work the abrasive uniformly over the stone face. The final stage employs a suitably fine polishing process and medium to develop the required smooth glossy finish. Therefore Option D correctly represents the essential polishing principle.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
Why are progressively finer abrasives normally used during high-quality stone polishing?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Initial grinding may need comparatively coarse abrasive action to remove significant surface irregularities. A coarse abrasive itself leaves scratches that are too prominent for a high-quality finished surface. Successively finer abrasives reduce the depth and visibility of scratches created by the preceding stages. This progressive refinement eventually produces the smoothness required for final polishing. Therefore Option A correctly explains the engineering reason for using a sequence of abrasive grades.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
A marble slab has local high spots, saw marks and appreciable surface unevenness. What should generally be done before attempting the final high-gloss polish?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Final polishing is intended to refine an already adequately prepared surface rather than correct major geometric defects. Local high spots and saw marks should first be removed by suitable grinding or rubbing operations. The surface can then be progressively refined using finer abrasives. Attempting a final polish directly on an uneven face can produce irregular gloss and leave visible defects. Therefore Option B gives the correct finishing sequence.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
Which characteristic of marble is particularly important in explaining its widespread use for polished architectural surfaces?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Marble is a metamorphic carbonate stone formed through recrystallization of limestone or dolomitic parent material. Suitable varieties possess a crystalline texture that can be ground and polished effectively. This makes marble widely used for flooring, wall lining, stairs, counters and ornamental architectural surfaces. Marble quality nevertheless varies, so defects, porosity and mineral composition must still be considered during selection. Therefore Option C correctly identifies the characteristic that supports its polished architectural use.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
A durable, dimensionally sound granite slab is required for a vanity counter where a reflective finish and easy-to-clean surface are specified. Which finish is the most appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Suitable granite can be ground and polished to a smooth, highly reflective finish. Polished granite is commonly used for counters, vanity tops, wall lining and similar architectural applications. A smooth finished surface is also easier to wipe clean than a deliberately coarse rock-faced or punched surface. The stone must still be sound and suitable for the service environment because polish alone does not establish durability. Therefore Option A is the appropriate finish.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
Which current Indian Standard is specifically titled 'Polished Building Stones — Specification Part 1 Granite and Similar Stones'?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
IS 14223 (Part 1):2023 is the current Indian Standard specifically dealing with polished building stones of the granite and similar-stone category. The 2023 document is the first revision of this part of the polished-building-stone specification. IS 1129 concerns recommendations for dressing natural building stones rather than polished granite products. IS 1130 relates to marble blocks, slabs and tiles, while IS 1706 deals with resistance to wear by abrasion. Therefore Option D is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
Which statement best distinguishes a honed stone finish from a highly polished finish?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Both honing and polishing involve refinement of the stone surface beyond coarse dressing. A honed finish is smooth but is normally stopped before developing the strong reflective gloss associated with full polishing. A polished finish involves further abrasive refinement to obtain greater smoothness and lustre where the stone permits it. The difference is therefore primarily one of final surface character rather than a change in the geological identity of the stone. Hence Option B correctly distinguishes the two finishes.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
A granite pavement is located at an uncovered entrance where the surface is frequently wet and pedestrian slip resistance is a major design consideration. Which selection is generally more appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A high-gloss polish is desirable in many interior architectural applications but is not automatically the best finish for every floor exposure. At frequently wet pedestrian locations, adequate slip resistance becomes an important safety requirement. Textured granite finishes such as suitable flamed surfaces can provide a rougher walking texture than mirror-polished stone. Final selection should still be based on the specified slip-resistance and durability performance rather than the finish name alone. Therefore Option B is the most defensible engineering choice.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
A polished marble wall lining is required in an interior reception area where appearance is the dominant surface requirement. Which characteristic is most relevant to acceptance of the finished exposed face?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A polished interior wall lining is intended to provide a refined architectural surface. The exposed face should therefore have reasonably uniform smoothness, appearance and polish appropriate to the approved material. Prominent scratches, grinding marks, chips or other finishing defects can remain visible under reflected light and reduce the quality of the work. Open porosity and flaky weathered material are not desirable characteristics merely because the installation is decorative. Therefore Option C identifies the appropriate finish-quality requirement.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
Factory-made marble or granite slabs are supplied with the complete specified polished finish already produced and protected against damage. What is the most appropriate site practice regarding the main exposed faces?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Factory finishing allows slabs to be processed under controlled cutting and polishing conditions. Where the supplied finish already satisfies the specification, repeating the entire polishing operation on site provides no useful benefit. The principal requirement becomes protecting the completed surface against scratching, staining and impact during transportation and installation. Cut or moulded edges produced at site may still need finishing so that they match the adjoining exposed surface. Therefore Option A describes the appropriate construction practice.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
A pre-polished granite counter is cut on site, leaving a visible front edge with coarse saw marks. What treatment is most appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Cutting a factory-polished slab can expose a fresh edge that does not possess the finish of the original face. Where that edge remains visible, coarse saw marks would be aesthetically and functionally inconsistent with the adjoining polished surface. The edge should therefore be appropriately ground and progressively finished. Moulding and polishing of exposed granite or marble edges are recognized parts of counter and vanity work. Hence Option D is the correct treatment.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
A slab contains a deep continuous crack through the portion that will remain in service. The contractor proposes additional polishing to 'seal' the crack. What is the correct engineering response?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Polishing acts primarily on the exposed surface of a stone and cannot restore structural continuity across a deep crack. A crack can remain a plane of weakness during handling, fixing and subsequent service loading. It may also permit moisture penetration or progressive deterioration in exposed applications. Cosmetic reduction in the visibility of a defect is not equivalent to repairing its engineering significance. Therefore Option B is the correct quality-control decision.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
Why can a stone containing minerals of markedly different hardness develop an uneven polished appearance?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Grinding and polishing remove material by abrasive action at the stone surface. Minerals having different hardness or abrasion resistance need not wear at the same rate during this process. Softer constituents may be removed more rapidly while harder grains remain slightly proud of the surrounding surface. The effect can cause differential relief or difficulty in obtaining a uniformly reflective finish in some heterogeneous stones. Therefore Option C correctly explains why mineralogical uniformity can influence polishability.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
A mirror-polished kitchen counter is required. Which candidate is the most promising based only on the descriptions given?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A mirror-polished counter requires a stone that can be cut accurately and brought to a smooth, durable finish. Sound dense granite is widely used for this purpose because suitable varieties accept high-quality polishing and provide good wear resistance. Friable sandstone can lose individual grains during finishing and may not develop a comparable uniform high-gloss surface. Weathered laterite and flaky shale possess defects or textures poorly suited to the stated use. Therefore Option A is the most promising candidate.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
Fifteen identical stone wall panels, each measuring 1.20 m × 0.60 m on the exposed face, require polishing. Ignoring joints and wastage, what total face area is to be polished?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The exposed area of one panel is length multiplied by width. Thus the area of one panel is 1.20 × 0.60 = 0.72 m². For 15 identical panels, the total area is 0.72 × 15 = 10.8 m². Joints and wastage have explicitly been excluded from the calculation. Therefore Option B is the correct polished face area.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
A granite counter is 2.0 m long, 0.60 m wide and 30 mm thick. Only the top surface and the full front longitudinal edge are to be polished. Ignoring the ends, what total area is polished?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The top area is 2.0 × 0.60 = 1.20 m². The front edge has dimensions 2.0 m by 0.03 m because 30 mm equals 0.03 m. Its area is therefore 2.0 × 0.03 = 0.06 m². Adding the top and front-edge areas gives 1.20 + 0.06 = 1.26 m². Hence Option C is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
Which sequence is most appropriate for producing a high-quality polished stone surface from a sawn slab having minor surface irregularities?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The slab must first be sufficiently level and free from significant saw marks or surface projections. Coarser grinding or rubbing establishes the required plane and removes major irregularities. Progressively finer abrasive stages then reduce the scratches created by the preceding operation. Final polishing is carried out only after the surface has been refined adequately. Therefore Option B gives the logical finishing sequence.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
What is the most appropriate role of water when wet abrasive rubbing is used during stone finishing?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Many conventional stone-rubbing procedures use water together with the abrasive. Water helps maintain a workable abrasive slurry and assists in carrying loosened fine particles away from the contact zone. It can also reduce accumulation of dry grinding debris at the working surface. The amount and method of wetting depend on the particular stone, abrasive and equipment used. Therefore Option C provides the most appropriate description without treating water as the polishing agent itself.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
Which observation most strongly indicates poor workmanship on an otherwise sound polished stone floor?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A high-quality polished floor should provide a reasonably even walking surface and consistent finish appropriate to the selected stone. Lippage indicates undesirable differences in elevation between adjacent slab edges. Coarse grinding scratches remaining after final polishing show that the abrasive sequence or workmanship was inadequate. Irregular gloss can similarly indicate incomplete or non-uniform finishing. Therefore the combination described in Option D most clearly indicates defective workmanship.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
Which statement about gloss and engineering durability is correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Gloss describes the optical character of a finished surface and depends on smoothness and the response of the stone to polishing. Durability is controlled by additional factors such as mineral stability, pore structure, cracks and the actual environmental exposure. A polished stone can still possess accessible pores and can still be chemically vulnerable in an unsuitable environment. High-quality finishing therefore does not eliminate the need for engineering material selection. Hence Option B is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
When selecting the surface finish for a natural stone, which approach is most appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Different stone types and even different varieties of the same rock can respond differently to surface finishing. The selected finish must be compatible with the mineral texture and structural soundness of the particular stone. Service conditions such as pedestrian traffic, water exposure and maintenance also affect whether a glossy, honed or textured surface is appropriate. Architectural appearance is important but should be balanced with safety and durability. Therefore Option D gives the correct engineering approach.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
A project requires (i) a high-gloss interior marble wall, (ii) an exterior granite walking surface frequently exposed to rain, and (iii) an exposed ashlar stone facade requiring a refined chisel texture. Which allocation is the most appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A polished finish is appropriate for suitable interior marble where a smooth high-gloss architectural appearance is required. A frequently wet exterior walking surface generally benefits from a suitably textured finish rather than selection based solely on maximum gloss. Fine tooling gives ashlar work an accurately dressed and refined chisel texture without converting it into a polished surface. Each finish is therefore related to a different functional and architectural requirement. Consequently Option C provides the correct allocation.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
Consider the following statements about polishing and finishing of natural stone:
1. Polishing normally follows adequate shaping and surface preparation.
2. Progressively finer abrasives can reduce scratches left by preceding grinding stages.
3. Polishing can restore the structural integrity of a stone containing a deep through-crack.
4. The most appropriate finish depends partly on the intended service condition.
Which statements are correct?
1. Polishing normally follows adequate shaping and surface preparation.
2. Progressively finer abrasives can reduce scratches left by preceding grinding stages.
3. Polishing can restore the structural integrity of a stone containing a deep through-crack.
4. The most appropriate finish depends partly on the intended service condition.
Which statements are correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct because proper shaping, levelling and preliminary preparation should precede final polishing. Statement 2 is correct because each finer abrasive stage progressively removes or reduces scratches left by the preceding coarser operation. Statement 3 is incorrect because polishing is a surface-finishing process and cannot restore structural continuity across a deep crack. Statement 4 is correct because exposure, traffic, appearance, maintenance and safety influence the appropriate surface finish. Therefore Statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct and Option B is the unique answer.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: B. Dressing gives the stone the required shape, dimensions and preliminary surface condition, whereas polishing is a finer finishing operation intended to produce a smooth or high-gloss surface where required. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: A. A surface having a high-gloss finish obtained by rubbing with suitable abrasives and carrying the finishing process to a sufficiently fine stage సమాధానం: A.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: D. Rub the stone with suitable abrasives and complete the final polishing with an appropriate polishing medium using a suitable pad or polishing equipment. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: A. Each successive finer abrasive removes or reduces scratches left by the preceding coarser stage and progressively improves surface smoothness. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: B. Bring the surface to the required plane by appropriate grinding or rubbing and progressively refine it before final polishing. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: C. Suitable marble possesses a recrystallized texture capable of taking an attractive polish. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: A. Polished or mirror-polished finish సమాధానం: A.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: D. IS 14223 (Part 1):2023 సమాధానం: D.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: B. A honed surface is comparatively smooth but has a subdued or low-lustre appearance, whereas a polished surface is taken to a higher degree of gloss. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: B. A suitably textured finish such as a flamed or other specified slip-resistant surface, subject to performance requirements సమాధానం: B.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: C. Uniform smoothness and polish without objectionable scratches or finishing defects సమాధానం: C.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: A. Do not perform unnecessary additional finishing on satisfactory factory-finished faces; protect them during handling and installation and finish only areas such as worked edges where required. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: D. Grind, smooth and polish the exposed edge as required so that its finish is compatible with the adjoining polished surface. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: B. Reject or appropriately remove the defective portion because surface polishing cannot repair a serious structural crack. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: C. Different constituents may respond differently to grinding and polishing, producing differential wear or relief at the surface. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: A. Sound dense granite capable of taking a uniform polish సమాధానం: A.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: B. 10.8 m² సమాధానం: B.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: C. 1.26 m² సమాధానం: C.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: B. Surface preparation and levelling → progressively finer grinding or rubbing → final polishing సమాధానం: B.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: C. It assists the wet grinding process by carrying abrasive slurry and removed particles and by helping control the grinding interface where the method requires wetting. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: D. Visible lippage at joints, irregular gloss and persistent coarse scratch marks సమాధానం: D.
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Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: B. Gloss is primarily a surface-finish characteristic and does not by itself establish strength, weather resistance or suitability for the exposure. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: D. Consider the stone's polishability, hardness, pore structure, defects, intended appearance, exposure, traffic and functional requirements together. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: C. Polished for (i), suitably textured or flamed for (ii), fine tooled for (iii) సమాధానం: C.
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Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: B. 1, 2 and 4 only సమాధానం: B.