Please keep at least one language enabled. || కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
A classified traffic-volume count is already available on the road passing through a town. For preliminary assessment of a proposed bypass, what additional information is most directly supplied by an origin-and-destination (O-D) study?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A classified count gives traffic volumes and vehicle categories at an observation point. It does not by itself reveal where the recorded trips begin or end. An O-D study identifies trip movements between specified places or zones. These movements help distinguish town-related traffic from through traffic that may benefit from a bypass. Route choice, travel time and the proposed network must still be considered when estimating actual bypass diversion.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
An office worker starts a return journey at a workplace in Zone B and ends it at home in Zone A. In an O-D matrix whose rows are trip origins and columns are trip destinations, which cell records this journey?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The physical trip origin is the location from which the journey starts. In this case, the worker leaves the workplace in Zone B. The destination is the home in Zone A. The movement therefore belongs to row B and column A of a conventional origin-row, destination-column matrix. Home-based trip-production conventions used in some models must not be confused with the physical direction of this O-D movement.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
Two observed journeys both run from residential Zone P to commercial Zone Q, but one is for employment and the other is for shopping. Which statement is correct for a purpose-stratified O-D analysis?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
An O-D pair describes the geographical beginning and end of a movement. Both journeys start in P and end in Q, so they contribute to the same cell in an all-purpose O-D matrix. Their different purposes can be retained in separate work and shopping trip tables. Such classification is valuable because journey characteristics can vary by purpose. A shared O-D pair does not imply an identical departure time, mode or route.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
A metropolitan planning team needs household vehicle ownership, members' daily trips, travel modes and journey purposes for a travel-demand model. Which survey approach most directly collects these linked household and person characteristics?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A home-interview travel survey can collect household, individual and trip-level details together. It can record where people travel, why they travel and which modes they use. Household size and vehicle ownership provide useful explanatory information for demand modelling. A simple roadway counter measures traffic passing one location but does not link those movements to household attributes. Household surveys may also require complementary external-trip surveys for travel not captured by sampled residents.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
An engineer selects survey stations on major approaches to a city and has only a short time to question each stopped driver safely. Which set of observations best matches the purpose of a roadside O-D interview?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A roadside interview aims to determine the travel pattern of passing road users. A concise questionnaire can identify the trip origin, destination and purpose. Vehicle classification helps relate observed responses to traffic composition. Concurrent classified counts allow the sampled interview results to be expanded to the relevant traffic stream. Survey-station placement and safe traffic management are essential because interviews should not create unacceptable operational or safety risks.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
Number plates of vehicles are recorded at two highway checkpoints and matched over a common observation period. What is the strongest conclusion that can normally be drawn from a reliable matched record alone?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Registration-plate matching links observations of the same vehicle at different survey stations. The resulting matched data show movement between those observed checkpoints. With reliable timestamps, they can also support travel-time estimation between observation locations. They do not automatically reveal the true start or end of the complete trip beyond the checkpoints. Journey purpose and personal attributes normally require additional information, and matching quality and privacy safeguards must be addressed.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
During a particular survey period, 1,200 vehicles are counted at a roadside station and a representative sample of 300 vehicles is interviewed. Of those interviewed, 45 report travelling from Zone A to Zone B. Using one common expansion factor, what is the estimated A-to-B traffic in the counted stream?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The observation sample covers 300 out of the 1,200 counted vehicles. Under the stated representative-sampling assumption, the expansion factor is 1,200 divided by 300, or 4. The A-to-B movement appears in 45 sampled interviews. Multiplying 45 by 4 gives an estimated 180 vehicles. This simple expansion is appropriate only if the common sampling factor adequately represents the relevant traffic groups and period.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
At an O-D survey station, 100 of 500 cars and 40 of 80 trucks are interviewed during the same period. Among respondents, 30 cars and 20 trucks report the same specified O-D movement. After expanding each vehicle class separately, what is the estimated total for that movement?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Cars have an expansion factor of 500/100 = 5. The sampled 30 cars therefore represent 150 cars making the specified movement. Trucks have an expansion factor of 80/40 = 2. The sampled 20 trucks therefore represent 40 trucks. Adding the two class-specific estimates gives 190 vehicles, whereas one common factor would disregard the different sampling rates.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
A roadside O-D study interviews a high proportion of cars but relatively few goods vehicles, and response rates differ among vehicle classes. Which processing approach is most defensible?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Different sampling fractions call for appropriate expansion weights when estimating population movements. Classified traffic counts can provide control totals for separate vehicle groups. Responses should be checked for missing origins, destinations and possible nonresponse patterns. Weighting can correct known differences in sampling rates but cannot guarantee correction of all selective-response bias. Reporting the survey coverage and limitations is therefore part of a sound O-D analysis.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
A vehicle starts its trip outside the defined urban study area, enters through one external cordon point and exits through another without ending its trip inside the area. How is this movement classified relative to the study cordon?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The classification uses the location of the trip endpoints relative to the study-area boundary. The journey begins outside the boundary, so its origin is external. It also ends outside the boundary, so its destination is external. Passing through the study area does not convert either endpoint into an internal one. The movement is therefore external-to-external, which is especially relevant to through-traffic and bypass investigations.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
An O-D matrix contains daily vehicle trips with origins in rows A, B and C and destinations in columns A, B and C. Its rows are A: [0, 80, 40], B: [50, 10, 70], and C: [20, 60, 0]. How many trips originate in Zone B?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A row total represents all movements starting in the corresponding origin zone. The B row records 50 trips to A, 10 trips within B and 70 trips to C. Its total is 50 + 10 + 70 = 130 trips. The intrazonal B-to-B entry is included because the question asks for all origins in B. Summing column B instead would calculate destinations in B rather than trips originating there.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
In an origin-row, destination-column O-D matrix, the entries in destination column C are A-to-C = 40, B-to-C = 70 and C-to-C = 10 trips. What is the total number of trips ending in Zone C?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The destination total for a zone is obtained from its column in the specified matrix. Column C contains trips from origin zones A, B and C. Adding 40, 70 and 10 gives 120 trips. The C-to-C entry contributes to this column because both trip endpoints lie within the same zone. Excluding it would count only the interzonal arrivals and would not answer the stated total-destination question.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
An O-D survey reports 180 vehicle trips from Zone A to Zone B and 120 trips from Zone B to Zone A during the same period. What are the combined two-way trips and the directional difference, respectively?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A-to-B and B-to-A trips are distinct directed entries in the O-D table. The two-way total is their sum, 180 + 120 = 300 trips. Their directional difference is 180 - 120 = 60 trips. Because the larger flow is from A to B, the imbalance favours movement towards B. A two-way total should not be mistaken for the flow in either single direction.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
An O-D matrix shows a nonzero entry in the cell for Zone D as both origin and destination. What is the appropriate interpretation of this diagonal cell?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Diagonal O-D matrix entries correspond to trips whose origin and destination fall within the same defined zone. Such movements are termed intrazonal trips. They may be nonzero, particularly when zones are relatively large. Whether very short trips are included depends on the study's trip definition and survey design. The diagonal entry does not by itself indicate an error or a growth factor.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
For a complete and consistently tabulated O-D matrix, the reported origin-row totals are 100, 150 and 50 trips, while destination-column totals are 120, 80 and 100 trips. Which consistency statement is correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Every recorded trip contributes once to an origin row and once to a destination column. The three origin totals sum to 100 + 150 + 50 = 300 trips. The destination totals also sum to 120 + 80 + 100 = 300 trips. Equality of the two grand totals is a necessary accounting check for one complete O-D matrix. Corresponding individual row and column totals may nevertheless differ because outgoing and incoming movements need not balance for each zone in the stated period.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
A two-zone O-D table of vehicle trips is A-to-A = 20, A-to-B = 80, B-to-A = 60 and B-to-B = 40. What percentage of all recorded trips are interzonal?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Interzonal movements have different origin and destination zones. The A-to-B and B-to-A entries together contain 80 + 60 = 140 trips. The grand total is 20 + 80 + 60 + 40 = 200 trips. Their share is 140/200 multiplied by 100, which equals 70%. The 20 and 40 diagonal trips are intrazonal and must remain in the denominator for the stated percentage of all trips.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
A planner draws straight lines joining the centroids of O-D zones, with line widths proportional to the trips between each pair. Which interpretation of this desire-line diagram is correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A desire-line diagram represents movements between origins and destinations in schematic geographical form. Wider or more prominent lines can indicate larger travel demand. The lines usually connect representative zone locations rather than recorded vehicle paths. They are helpful for identifying major travel corridors and possible transport connections. Roadway-specific traffic volumes require route-choice or traffic-assignment analysis instead of direct interpretation of line geometry.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
A town bypass may affect several radial highways and a ring road. Which O-D survey-station strategy best supports a defensible estimate of potential diversion to the new bypass?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
Bypass demand depends on which existing movements could use the proposed facility. Surveys therefore need coverage of the significant approaches and affected travel corridors. Appropriate roadside interviews, cordon observations or other matching methods can establish relevant movement patterns. Traffic counts help expand sampled trips and check the consistency of the resulting flows. A survey restricted to an unrelated or unrepresentative road cannot reliably describe the traffic likely to divert to the bypass.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
An external cordon study identifies 1,000 distinct trips entering a town study area during the survey period. Of these, 350 end within the town and the remaining 650 pass through and finish outside it, without an intermediate trip end. How many are candidate external-to-external trips for a bypass assessment?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
All 1,000 identified movements start outside the study area and enter it. Of these movements, 350 end within the town and are therefore external-to-internal. The remaining 1,000 - 350 = 650 finish outside the study area. By the stated endpoint definition, these 650 movements are external-to-external. They form a potential through-traffic pool, but the number that would actually choose a bypass depends on network access and relative route conditions.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
An observed O-D movement contains 400 daily trips. Under an explicitly assumed uniform compounded growth rate of 10% per year for two years, what is the projected number of trips for that movement?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A compounded growth assumption multiplies the base movement by the annual factor in each year. The annual factor for 10% growth is 1.10. After two years, the multiplier is 1.10 squared, or 1.21. Applying it to 400 gives 400 multiplied by 1.21 = 484 trips. This is a simple scenario projection and is not a substitute for checking changes in land use, travel costs or the network.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
An origin zone is predicted to generate 300 trips to three other zones during a specified period. A constrained distribution allocates 40% to Zone B and 35% to Zone C, with the remainder going to Zone D. How many trips are allocated from the origin to Zone D?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The allocated percentages must sum to 100% of the 300 originating trips. Zones B and C together receive 40% + 35% = 75%. Zone D therefore receives the residual 25%. One-quarter of 300 is 75 trips. The allocation preserves the stated origin total because 120 + 105 + 75 equals 300.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
In a simplified gravity-type trip-distribution model, two destination zones have equal attraction factors and all other model inputs are held constant. If impedance increases with travel cost and the deterrence function falls with cost, which destination is expected to receive more trips from a given origin?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A gravity-type distribution model relates movements to origin activity, destination attraction and separation impedance. The question holds destination attraction and the other inputs equal. A decreasing deterrence function assigns less relative attractiveness to the higher travel cost. Therefore the lower-cost destination receives the larger relative share under the stated assumptions. Exact trip counts would require the model form, calibration parameters and relevant balancing constraints.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
For the same O-D movement, an observed stream contains 80 cars with an average occupancy of 1.5 persons per car and 20 buses with an average occupancy of 25 persons per bus. Assuming the occupancy values apply to these vehicles, how many person trips do the vehicles represent?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
A vehicle O-D table counts vehicles, whereas a person-trip table counts travellers. The 80 cars carry an estimated 80 times 1.5 = 120 persons. The 20 buses carry an estimated 20 times 25 = 500 persons. Their total is 120 + 500 = 620 person trips. Converting between vehicle and person movements requires appropriate occupancy information rather than assuming that one vehicle always represents one person.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
An O-D survey was carried out on one quiet off-peak weekday, but the resulting matrix is proposed for direct use as the typical festival-season peak-hour matrix. Which response is technically sound?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
An O-D matrix describes demand for its defined survey period and population. Travel volumes, purposes and directional patterns can change between off-peak and peak conditions. Seasonal or special-event activity may further alter those movements. The analyst should therefore assess representativeness and use relevant counts or additional surveys to develop the target-period matrix. Simply relabelling an off-peak dataset as a festival peak cannot establish a valid peak-hour estimate.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
A calibrated O-D matrix indicates 900 vehicle trips from Zone X to Zone Y, but two competing road routes connect these zones. What additional planning step is needed before the number of those trips using each particular road can be estimated?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
The O-D cell quantifies demand between zones X and Y rather than traffic on a specific road. Several alternative paths may serve the same movement. Route choice depends on factors such as travel time, cost, capacity and network configuration. Traffic assignment uses the demand matrix and network assumptions to estimate flows on the available links. It is therefore incorrect to place all 900 trips on every route or assume an equal split without supporting conditions.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: B. The pattern of trips entering, leaving or passing through the town, including potential through traffic. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: C. Row B, column A. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: A. They occupy the same O-D cell in an all-purpose table but can be placed in separate purpose-specific tables. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: A. A household or home-interview travel survey using a structured travel diary or questionnaire. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: C. Trip origin, destination, purpose and vehicle class, supported by concurrent traffic counts. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: D. The same vehicle was observed at both checkpoints, indicating movement between those observation locations. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: C. 180 vehicles. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: B. 190 vehicles. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: A. Use appropriately defined class-specific expansion weights and examine possible nonresponse bias. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: D. External-to-external. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: B. 130 trips. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: C. 120 trips. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: D. 300 trips and 60 trips towards B. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: A. It represents intrazonal trips whose recorded origin and destination are both in Zone D. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: B. Both sets sum to 300 trips, satisfying the equality of the grand totals. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: C. 70%. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: A. It shows the relative geographical pattern and magnitude of zonal movements but not necessarily the actual roads used. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: B. Cover the important approach roads and crossing movements likely to be affected, combining O-D evidence with relevant counts. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: D. 650 trips. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: C. 484 trips. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: A. 75 trips. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: B. The lower-cost destination, under the stated equal-attraction and decreasing-deterrence assumptions. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: D. 620 person trips. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: C. Examine temporal and seasonal representativeness and obtain or calibrate data for the required peak period. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: A. Assign the O-D demand to the available network using an appropriate route-choice or traffic-assignment method. సమాధానం: A.