అంతర్జాతీయ సంఘటనలు మరియు సంబంధాలు - టెస్ట్ 84 - ఇంధన భద్రత, కీలక ఖనిజాలు మరియు అనుసంధాన కారిడార్లు
Please keep at least one language enabled. || కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
Which approach is most consistent with strengthening a country's energy security?
ఒక దేశం energy securityను strengthen చేయడానికి అత్యంత అనుగుణమైన approach ఏది?
Explanation:
• Energy security concerns reliable access to energy at acceptable and sustainable economic costs.
• Diversification reduces excessive dependence on a single supplier, route or fuel.
• Strategic reserves, resilient infrastructure and contingency planning can also reduce the impact of supply shocks.
• Diversification reduces excessive dependence on a single supplier, route or fuel.
• Strategic reserves, resilient infrastructure and contingency planning can also reduce the impact of supply shocks.
వివరణ:
• Energy security అంటే acceptable మరియు sustainable economic costs వద్ద reliable energy accessను కలిగి ఉండటం.
• Diversification ఒకే supplier, route లేదా fuelపై excessive dependenceను తగ్గిస్తుంది.
• Strategic reserves, resilient infrastructure మరియు contingency planning supply shocks ప్రభావాన్ని కూడా తగ్గించగలవు.
• Diversification ఒకే supplier, route లేదా fuelపై excessive dependenceను తగ్గిస్తుంది.
• Strategic reserves, resilient infrastructure మరియు contingency planning supply shocks ప్రభావాన్ని కూడా తగ్గించగలవు.
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
Which sequence correctly describes the basic international LNG supply chain?
Basic international LNG supply chainను సరైన క్రమంలో చూపేది ఏది?
Explanation:
• Natural gas is cooled into liquid form at a liquefaction facility to facilitate long-distance maritime transport.
• Specialised LNG carriers transport it to an importing terminal.
• The LNG is then regasified for delivery into pipelines or downstream gas markets.
• Specialised LNG carriers transport it to an importing terminal.
• The LNG is then regasified for delivery into pipelines or downstream gas markets.
వివరణ:
• Long-distance maritime transport సులభం కావడానికి natural gasను liquefaction facilityలో liquid formకు cool చేస్తారు.
• Specialised LNG carriers దాన్ని importing terminalకు తీసుకెళ్తాయి.
• తరువాత LNGను regasify చేసి pipelines లేదా downstream gas marketsకు supply చేస్తారు.
• Specialised LNG carriers దాన్ని importing terminalకు తీసుకెళ్తాయి.
• తరువాత LNGను regasify చేసి pipelines లేదా downstream gas marketsకు supply చేస్తారు.
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
Why can long-term LNG contracts contribute to energy security for an importing country?
Importing country energy securityకు long-term LNG contracts ఎందుకు contribute చేయగలవు?
Explanation:
• Long-term contracts can improve supply predictability and reduce exposure to short-term spot-market volatility.
• They do not eliminate geopolitical, shipping, force-majeure or price risks entirely.
• Importing countries commonly combine long-term arrangements with spot and short-term purchases.
• They do not eliminate geopolitical, shipping, force-majeure or price risks entirely.
• Importing countries commonly combine long-term arrangements with spot and short-term purchases.
వివరణ:
• Long-term contracts supply predictabilityను improve చేసి short-term spot-market volatilityకు exposureను తగ్గించగలవు.
• Geopolitical, shipping, force-majeure లేదా price risksను అవి పూర్తిగా eliminate చేయవు.
• Importing countries సాధారణంగా long-term arrangementsతో పాటు spot మరియు short-term purchasesను కూడా ఉపయోగిస్తాయి.
• Geopolitical, shipping, force-majeure లేదా price risksను అవి పూర్తిగా eliminate చేయవు.
• Importing countries సాధారణంగా long-term arrangementsతో పాటు spot మరియు short-term purchasesను కూడా ఉపయోగిస్తాయి.
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
Which statement correctly describes the long-term LNG agreement signed by Petronet LNG and QatarEnergy in February 2024?
ఫిబ్రవరి 2024లో Petronet LNG మరియు QatarEnergy signed చేసిన long-term LNG agreementను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?
Explanation:
• Petronet LNG executed the new LNG Sale and Purchase Agreement with QatarEnergy on 6 February 2024.
• It covers around 7.5 MMTPA for twenty years, with deliveries scheduled from 2028 to 2048.
• The agreement extends the long-standing Qatar-linked supply relationship rather than terminating it.
• It covers around 7.5 MMTPA for twenty years, with deliveries scheduled from 2028 to 2048.
• The agreement extends the long-standing Qatar-linked supply relationship rather than terminating it.
వివరణ:
• Petronet LNG 6 ఫిబ్రవరి 2024న QatarEnergyతో కొత్త LNG Sale and Purchase Agreementను execute చేసింది.
• ఇది twenty years పాటు సుమారు 7.5 MMTPAను cover చేస్తుంది; deliveries 2028 నుంచి 2048 వరకు scheduled.
• Qatarతో longstanding supply relationshipను terminate చేయకుండా extend చేసే arrangement ఇది.
• ఇది twenty years పాటు సుమారు 7.5 MMTPAను cover చేస్తుంది; deliveries 2028 నుంచి 2048 వరకు scheduled.
• Qatarతో longstanding supply relationshipను terminate చేయకుండా extend చేసే arrangement ఇది.
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
Which statement correctly describes the HPCL-ADNOC Gas LNG arrangement welcomed by India and the UAE in January 2026?
జనవరి 2026లో India మరియు UAE welcomed చేసిన HPCL-ADNOC Gas LNG arrangementను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?
Explanation:
• India and the UAE welcomed the signing of a ten-year LNG Supply Agreement between HPCL and ADNOC Gas in January 2026.
• The contracted volume is 0.5 million tonnes per year.
• Deliveries begin in 2028, so it should not be described as an already-operating supply stream in September 2026.
• The contracted volume is 0.5 million tonnes per year.
• Deliveries begin in 2028, so it should not be described as an already-operating supply stream in September 2026.
వివరణ:
• జనవరి 2026లో HPCL మరియు ADNOC Gas మధ్య ten-year LNG Supply Agreement signingను India మరియు UAE welcomed చేశాయి.
• Contracted volume సంవత్సరానికి 0.5 million tonnes.
• Deliveries 2028లో ప్రారంభమవుతాయి కాబట్టి సెప్టెంబర్ 2026లో ఇది already-operating supply stream కాదు.
• Contracted volume సంవత్సరానికి 0.5 million tonnes.
• Deliveries 2028లో ప్రారంభమవుతాయి కాబట్టి సెప్టెంబర్ 2026లో ఇది already-operating supply stream కాదు.
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
Which statement correctly describes the ISPRL-ADNOC strategic petroleum cooperation concluded during the Indian Prime Minister's UAE visit in May 2026?
మే 2026లో Indian Prime Minister UAE visit సందర్భంగా concluded అయిన ISPRL-ADNOC strategic petroleum cooperationను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?
Explanation:
• The May 2026 official outcomes list describes the ISPRL-ADNOC instrument as an MoU on Strategic Collaboration.
• It envisages potential ADNOC crude-oil storage in India's Strategic Petroleum Reserves of up to 30 million barrels, including participation at Visakhapatnam and development of reserve facilities at Chandikhol.
• It also envisages potential storage in Fujairah as part of India's strategic petroleum reserve and potential LNG/LPG storage cooperation in India.
• The leaders' statement additionally described the objective as enhancing UAE participation to 30 million barrels and working together on strategic gas reserves.
• It envisages potential ADNOC crude-oil storage in India's Strategic Petroleum Reserves of up to 30 million barrels, including participation at Visakhapatnam and development of reserve facilities at Chandikhol.
• It also envisages potential storage in Fujairah as part of India's strategic petroleum reserve and potential LNG/LPG storage cooperation in India.
• The leaders' statement additionally described the objective as enhancing UAE participation to 30 million barrels and working together on strategic gas reserves.
వివరణ:
• May 2026 official outcomes listలో ISPRL-ADNOC instrumentను MoU on Strategic Collaborationగా పేర్కొన్నారు.
• India's Strategic Petroleum Reservesలో 30 million barrels వరకు potential ADNOC crude-oil storage, Visakhapatnam facilitiesలో participation మరియు Chandikholలో reserve facilities developmentను ఇది envisage చేస్తుంది.
• Fujairahలో Indian strategic petroleum reserveలో భాగమయ్యే potential crude storage మరియు Indiaలో LNG/LPG storage cooperation కూడా envisaged చేయబడింది.
• Leaders' statementలో UAE participationను 30 million barrelsకు enhance చేయడం మరియు strategic gas reservesపై కలిసి పని చేయడం అనే objectiveను కూడా పేర్కొన్నారు.
• India's Strategic Petroleum Reservesలో 30 million barrels వరకు potential ADNOC crude-oil storage, Visakhapatnam facilitiesలో participation మరియు Chandikholలో reserve facilities developmentను ఇది envisage చేస్తుంది.
• Fujairahలో Indian strategic petroleum reserveలో భాగమయ్యే potential crude storage మరియు Indiaలో LNG/LPG storage cooperation కూడా envisaged చేయబడింది.
• Leaders' statementలో UAE participationను 30 million barrelsకు enhance చేయడం మరియు strategic gas reservesపై కలిసి పని చేయడం అనే objectiveను కూడా పేర్కొన్నారు.
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
Why is uninterrupted navigation through the Strait of Hormuz strategically important for international energy security?
International energy securityకు Strait of Hormuz ద్వారా uninterrupted navigation ఎందుకు strategically important?
Explanation:
• The Strait of Hormuz is a key maritime chokepoint for hydrocarbon exports from the Gulf.
• Disruption can affect physical energy flows, shipping availability, insurance costs and international energy prices.
• India has explicitly linked safe transit and unimpeded navigation through the Strait with regional energy and food security.
• Disruption can affect physical energy flows, shipping availability, insurance costs and international energy prices.
• India has explicitly linked safe transit and unimpeded navigation through the Strait with regional energy and food security.
వివరణ:
• Strait of Hormuz Gulf hydrocarbon exportsకు కీలక maritime chokepoint.
• Disruption physical energy flows, shipping availability, insurance costs మరియు international energy pricesపై ప్రభావం చూపగలదు.
• Strait ద్వారా safe transit మరియు unimpeded navigationను India regional energy మరియు food securityతో explicitly link చేసింది.
• Disruption physical energy flows, shipping availability, insurance costs మరియు international energy pricesపై ప్రభావం చూపగలదు.
• Strait ద్వారా safe transit మరియు unimpeded navigationను India regional energy మరియు food securityతో explicitly link చేసింది.
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
Which statement correctly describes the status of the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project as of September 2026?
సెప్టెంబర్ 2026 నాటికి Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project statusను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?
Explanation:
• Kudankulam has six VVER units of 1,000 MW each being developed with Russian technical cooperation.
• Units 1 and 2 are operational.
• Official data for June 2026 reported physical progress of about 82.65% for Units 3 and 4 and 45% for Units 5 and 6.
• Units 3 and 4 were scheduled for June 2027 and June 2028, while Units 5 and 6 were scheduled for June 2029 and March 2030 respectively.
• Units 1 and 2 are operational.
• Official data for June 2026 reported physical progress of about 82.65% for Units 3 and 4 and 45% for Units 5 and 6.
• Units 3 and 4 were scheduled for June 2027 and June 2028, while Units 5 and 6 were scheduled for June 2029 and March 2030 respectively.
వివరణ:
• Kudankulamలో Russian technical cooperationతో develop చేస్తున్న 1,000 MW capacity కలిగిన ఆరు VVER units ఉన్నాయి.
• Units 1 మరియు 2 operationalగా ఉన్నాయి.
• June 2026 official data ప్రకారం Units 3 మరియు 4 physical progress సుమారు 82.65%, Units 5 మరియు 6 progress 45%గా ఉంది.
• Units 3 మరియు 4కు June 2027 మరియు June 2028, Units 5 మరియు 6కు June 2029 మరియు March 2030 commissioning schedules పేర్కొనబడ్డాయి.
• Units 1 మరియు 2 operationalగా ఉన్నాయి.
• June 2026 official data ప్రకారం Units 3 మరియు 4 physical progress సుమారు 82.65%, Units 5 మరియు 6 progress 45%గా ఉంది.
• Units 3 మరియు 4కు June 2027 మరియు June 2028, Units 5 మరియు 6కు June 2029 మరియు March 2030 commissioning schedules పేర్కొనబడ్డాయి.
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
India's Kudankulam nuclear project is most directly associated with civil nuclear cooperation with which country?
India Kudankulam nuclear project ప్రధానంగా ఏ countryతో civil nuclear cooperationకు సంబంధించినది?
Explanation:
• Kudankulam's VVER reactors are being developed with technical cooperation from the Russian Federation.
• VVER is a Russian-designed pressurised-water reactor family.
• Kudankulam is therefore a major example of India-Russia civil nuclear-energy cooperation.
• VVER is a Russian-designed pressurised-water reactor family.
• Kudankulam is therefore a major example of India-Russia civil nuclear-energy cooperation.
వివరణ:
• Kudankulam VVER reactors Russian Federation technical cooperationతో develop అవుతున్నాయి.
• VVER Russian-designed pressurised-water reactor family.
• అందువల్ల Kudankulam India-Russia civil nuclear-energy cooperationకు ప్రధాన ఉదాహరణ.
• VVER Russian-designed pressurised-water reactor family.
• అందువల్ల Kudankulam India-Russia civil nuclear-energy cooperationకు ప్రధాన ఉదాహరణ.
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
Why are certain minerals classified as 'critical minerals' for a country?
కొన్ని mineralsను ఒక countryకి 'critical minerals'గా ఎందుకు classify చేస్తారు?
Explanation:
• Criticality is usually assessed through factors such as economic importance and supply risk.
• Clean energy, electronics, telecommunications, defence and advanced manufacturing can depend on such minerals.
• Lists vary between countries because national industrial structures and vulnerabilities differ.
• Clean energy, electronics, telecommunications, defence and advanced manufacturing can depend on such minerals.
• Lists vary between countries because national industrial structures and vulnerabilities differ.
వివరణ:
• Criticalityను సాధారణంగా economic importance మరియు supply risk వంటి factors ఆధారంగా assess చేస్తారు.
• Clean energy, electronics, telecommunications, defence మరియు advanced manufacturing sectors ఇలాంటి mineralsపై depend కావచ్చు.
• National industrial structures మరియు vulnerabilities భిన్నంగా ఉండటంతో country-wise lists మారవచ్చు.
• Clean energy, electronics, telecommunications, defence మరియు advanced manufacturing sectors ఇలాంటి mineralsపై depend కావచ్చు.
• National industrial structures మరియు vulnerabilities భిన్నంగా ఉండటంతో country-wise lists మారవచ్చు.
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
How many minerals were identified in India's first comprehensive critical-minerals list unveiled by the Ministry of Mines in 2023?
2023లో Ministry of Mines unveiled చేసిన India's first comprehensive critical-minerals listలో ఎన్ని mineralsను identify చేశారు?
Explanation:
• The Ministry of Mines unveiled India's first comprehensive report on Critical Minerals for India on 28 June 2023.
• It identified 30 minerals as critical for India.
• The assessment reflected national requirements and factors connected with economic importance and supply vulnerability.
• It identified 30 minerals as critical for India.
• The assessment reflected national requirements and factors connected with economic importance and supply vulnerability.
వివరణ:
• Ministry of Mines 28 జూన్ 2023న Critical Minerals for Indiaపై country's first comprehensive reportను unveiled చేసింది.
• ఇందులో Indiaకు criticalగా 30 mineralsను identify చేశారు.
• National requirementsతో పాటు economic importance మరియు supply vulnerabilityకు సంబంధించిన factors assessmentలో పరిగణించబడ్డాయి.
• ఇందులో Indiaకు criticalగా 30 mineralsను identify చేశారు.
• National requirementsతో పాటు economic importance మరియు supply vulnerabilityకు సంబంధించిన factors assessmentలో పరిగణించబడ్డాయి.
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
Which statement correctly describes India's National Critical Mineral Mission approved in January 2025?
జనవరి 2025లో approved అయిన India's National Critical Mineral Missionను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?
Explanation:
• The Union Cabinet approved the National Critical Mineral Mission on 29 January 2025.
• It covers FY 2024-25 to 2030-31 and seeks to strengthen the entire critical-mineral value chain.
• The approved framework envisages ₹16,300 crore in expenditure and ₹18,000 crore in expected investment by PSUs and other stakeholders.
• It covers FY 2024-25 to 2030-31 and seeks to strengthen the entire critical-mineral value chain.
• The approved framework envisages ₹16,300 crore in expenditure and ₹18,000 crore in expected investment by PSUs and other stakeholders.
వివరణ:
• Union Cabinet 29 జనవరి 2025న National Critical Mineral Missionను approve చేసింది.
• ఇది FY 2024-25 నుంచి 2030-31 వరకు cover చేస్తూ entire critical-mineral value chainను strengthen చేయడాన్ని లక్ష్యంగా పెట్టుకుంది.
• Frameworkలో ₹16,300 crore expenditure మరియు PSUs తదితర stakeholders నుంచి ₹18,000 crore expected investment envisaged చేశారు.
• ఇది FY 2024-25 నుంచి 2030-31 వరకు cover చేస్తూ entire critical-mineral value chainను strengthen చేయడాన్ని లక్ష్యంగా పెట్టుకుంది.
• Frameworkలో ₹16,300 crore expenditure మరియు PSUs తదితర stakeholders నుంచి ₹18,000 crore expected investment envisaged చేశారు.
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
Which statement correctly describes KABIL's lithium initiative in Argentina?
Argentinaలో KABIL lithium initiativeను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?
Explanation:
• KABIL signed an Exploration and Development Agreement with CAMYEN of Argentina's Catamarca Province on 15 January 2024.
• It obtained exploration and exclusive rights covering five brine-type lithium blocks over approximately 15,703 hectares.
• The agreement provides for exploitation rights following the existence or discovery of lithium; it should not be misrepresented as proof that large-scale commercial production had already begun.
• It obtained exploration and exclusive rights covering five brine-type lithium blocks over approximately 15,703 hectares.
• The agreement provides for exploitation rights following the existence or discovery of lithium; it should not be misrepresented as proof that large-scale commercial production had already begun.
వివరణ:
• KABIL 15 జనవరి 2024న Argentina Catamarca Provinceకు చెందిన CAMYENతో Exploration and Development Agreement signed చేసింది.
• సుమారు 15,703 hectaresలోని five brine-type lithium blocksపై exploration మరియు exclusive rights పొందింది.
• Lithium existence లేదా discovery తర్వాత exploitation rightsకు agreement provision ఇస్తుంది; large-scale commercial production అప్పటికే ప్రారంభమైందని దీన్ని చూపకూడదు.
• సుమారు 15,703 hectaresలోని five brine-type lithium blocksపై exploration మరియు exclusive rights పొందింది.
• Lithium existence లేదా discovery తర్వాత exploitation rightsకు agreement provision ఇస్తుంది; large-scale commercial production అప్పటికే ప్రారంభమైందని దీన్ని చూపకూడదు.
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
Which statement correctly describes India's long-term contract concerning the Shahid Beheshti Terminal at Chabahar Port?
Chabahar Portలోని Shahid Beheshti Terminalకు సంబంధించిన India's long-term contractను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?
Explanation:
• IPGL and Iran's Ports and Maritime Organization signed the Long-term Main Contract on 13 May 2024.
• It provides for a ten-year period for equipping and operating the General Cargo and Container Terminal at Shahid Beheshti Port.
• India subsequently fulfilled its USD 120 million financial commitment for procurement of port equipment.
• However, the conditional U.S. sanctions waiver applicable to the project was extended only until 26 April 2026, after which India stated that it remained engaged with concerned parties regarding the implications.
• It provides for a ten-year period for equipping and operating the General Cargo and Container Terminal at Shahid Beheshti Port.
• India subsequently fulfilled its USD 120 million financial commitment for procurement of port equipment.
• However, the conditional U.S. sanctions waiver applicable to the project was extended only until 26 April 2026, after which India stated that it remained engaged with concerned parties regarding the implications.
వివరణ:
• IPGL మరియు Iran Ports and Maritime Organization 13 మే 2024న Long-term Main Contract signed చేశాయి.
• Shahid Beheshti Portలో General Cargo మరియు Container Terminalను equip మరియు operate చేయడానికి ఇది ten-year periodను provide చేస్తుంది.
• Port equipment procurement కోసం India తన USD 120 million financial commitmentను తరువాత పూర్తిచేసింది.
• అయితే projectకు సంబంధించిన conditional U.S. sanctions waiver 26 ఏప్రిల్ 2026 వరకు మాత్రమే extend అయింది; ఆ తరువాత implicationsను address చేయడానికి concerned partiesతో engagement కొనసాగుతోందని India తెలిపింది.
• Shahid Beheshti Portలో General Cargo మరియు Container Terminalను equip మరియు operate చేయడానికి ఇది ten-year periodను provide చేస్తుంది.
• Port equipment procurement కోసం India తన USD 120 million financial commitmentను తరువాత పూర్తిచేసింది.
• అయితే projectకు సంబంధించిన conditional U.S. sanctions waiver 26 ఏప్రిల్ 2026 వరకు మాత్రమే extend అయింది; ఆ తరువాత implicationsను address చేయడానికి concerned partiesతో engagement కొనసాగుతోందని India తెలిపింది.
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
What is an important connectivity objective of India's involvement in Chabahar Port?
Chabahar Portలో India's involvementకు ముఖ్య connectivity objective ఏది?
Explanation:
• Chabahar's location offers India an alternative connectivity route through Iran toward Afghanistan and Central Asia.
• India has also promoted linkages between Chabahar and wider Eurasian connectivity, including the International North-South Transport Corridor.
• Its strategic relevance is therefore closely linked to regional trade and transit connectivity.
• India has also promoted linkages between Chabahar and wider Eurasian connectivity, including the International North-South Transport Corridor.
• Its strategic relevance is therefore closely linked to regional trade and transit connectivity.
వివరణ:
• Chabahar location Indiaకు Iran ద్వారా Afghanistan మరియు Central Asia వైపు alternative connectivity routeను అందిస్తుంది.
• Chabaharను International North-South Transport Corridorతో సహా wider Eurasian connectivityతో link చేయడాన్ని India promote చేసింది.
• అందువల్ల regional trade మరియు transit connectivityతో దీని strategic relevance closely linkedగా ఉంది.
• Chabaharను International North-South Transport Corridorతో సహా wider Eurasian connectivityతో link చేయడాన్ని India promote చేసింది.
• అందువల్ల regional trade మరియు transit connectivityతో దీని strategic relevance closely linkedగా ఉంది.
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
Which description correctly identifies the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC)?
International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC)ను సరైన విధంగా గుర్తించే description ఏది?
Explanation:
• INSTC is a multimodal corridor combining maritime, road and rail links.
• It links Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf trade routes through Iran toward the Caspian region, Russia and onward markets in Europe.
• India, Iran and Russia signed the original inter-governmental agreement establishing the corridor in 2000.
• It links Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf trade routes through Iran toward the Caspian region, Russia and onward markets in Europe.
• India, Iran and Russia signed the original inter-governmental agreement establishing the corridor in 2000.
వివరణ:
• INSTC maritime, road మరియు rail linksను combine చేసే multimodal corridor.
• Indian Ocean మరియు Persian Gulf trade routesను Iran ద్వారా Caspian region, Russia మరియు onward European marketsతో link చేస్తుంది.
• India, Iran మరియు Russia corridor establishmentకు సంబంధించిన original inter-governmental agreementను 2000లో sign చేశాయి.
• Indian Ocean మరియు Persian Gulf trade routesను Iran ద్వారా Caspian region, Russia మరియు onward European marketsతో link చేస్తుంది.
• India, Iran మరియు Russia corridor establishmentకు సంబంధించిన original inter-governmental agreementను 2000లో sign చేశాయి.
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
Which statement most accurately describes the status of the INSTC as of 2026?
2026 నాటికి INSTC statusను అత్యంత ఖచ్చితంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?
Explanation:
• INSTC should not be portrayed either as a purely proposed concept or as a fully completed seamless railway.
• It is an established multimodal framework, while infrastructure gaps, procedures, branches and utilisation continue to be addressed.
• The June 2025 India-Central Asia Dialogue specifically emphasised optimum usage of INSTC and welcomed development of its eastern branch.
• It is an established multimodal framework, while infrastructure gaps, procedures, branches and utilisation continue to be addressed.
• The June 2025 India-Central Asia Dialogue specifically emphasised optimum usage of INSTC and welcomed development of its eastern branch.
వివరణ:
• INSTCను purely proposed conceptగా లేదా fully completed seamless railwayగా చూపడం రెండూ సరైంది కాదు.
• ఇది established multimodal framework; infrastructure gaps, procedures, branches మరియు utilisationపై work కొనసాగుతోంది.
• June 2025 India-Central Asia Dialogue INSTC optimum usageను emphasise చేసి eastern branch developmentను welcomed చేసింది.
• ఇది established multimodal framework; infrastructure gaps, procedures, branches మరియు utilisationపై work కొనసాగుతోంది.
• June 2025 India-Central Asia Dialogue INSTC optimum usageను emphasise చేసి eastern branch developmentను welcomed చేసింది.
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
Which statement correctly describes the planned structure of the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC)?
India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) planned structureను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?
Explanation:
• The September 2023 IMEC framework envisages two broad components: an eastern corridor connecting India to the Arabian Gulf and a northern corridor connecting the Gulf to Europe.
• The proposed transport system combines railway infrastructure with maritime links.
• The wider vision also encompasses electricity, digital connectivity and infrastructure associated with clean hydrogen.
• The proposed transport system combines railway infrastructure with maritime links.
• The wider vision also encompasses electricity, digital connectivity and infrastructure associated with clean hydrogen.
వివరణ:
• September 2023 IMEC framework రెండు broad componentsను envisage చేసింది: India నుంచి Arabian Gulfకు eastern corridor మరియు Gulf నుంచి Europeకు northern corridor.
• Proposed transport system railway infrastructureను maritime linksతో combine చేస్తుంది.
• Wider visionలో electricity, digital connectivity మరియు clean-hydrogen infrastructure కూడా ఉన్నాయి.
• Proposed transport system railway infrastructureను maritime linksతో combine చేస్తుంది.
• Wider visionలో electricity, digital connectivity మరియు clean-hydrogen infrastructure కూడా ఉన్నాయి.
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
Which statement most accurately describes IMEC's implementation status as of September 2026?
సెప్టెంబర్ 2026 నాటికి IMEC implementation statusను అత్యంత ఖచ్చితంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?
Explanation:
• IMEC was launched through a memorandum of understanding in September 2023.
• Follow-up work has included bilateral implementation frameworks and a steering process involving mapping of initiatives, preparation of feasibility studies and work toward a governance framework.
• The EU-Africa-India Digital Corridor has been identified by the European Commission as a concrete delivery under the wider IMEC framework.
• The complete end-to-end IMEC transport corridor should therefore not be described as fully operational as of September 2026.
• Follow-up work has included bilateral implementation frameworks and a steering process involving mapping of initiatives, preparation of feasibility studies and work toward a governance framework.
• The EU-Africa-India Digital Corridor has been identified by the European Commission as a concrete delivery under the wider IMEC framework.
• The complete end-to-end IMEC transport corridor should therefore not be described as fully operational as of September 2026.
వివరణ:
• IMEC September 2023లో memorandum of understanding ద్వారా launch అయింది.
• Follow-up workలో bilateral implementation frameworks, initiatives mapping, feasibility studies preparation మరియు governance frameworkపై steering process ఉన్నాయి.
• EU-Africa-India Digital Corridorను European Commission wider IMEC framework కింద concrete deliveryగా గుర్తించింది.
• అందువల్ల సెప్టెంబర్ 2026 నాటికి complete end-to-end IMEC transport corridorను fully operationalగా పేర్కొనకూడదు.
• Follow-up workలో bilateral implementation frameworks, initiatives mapping, feasibility studies preparation మరియు governance frameworkపై steering process ఉన్నాయి.
• EU-Africa-India Digital Corridorను European Commission wider IMEC framework కింద concrete deliveryగా గుర్తించింది.
• అందువల్ల సెప్టెంబర్ 2026 నాటికి complete end-to-end IMEC transport corridorను fully operationalగా పేర్కొనకూడదు.
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
Which statement correctly describes the India-UAE Virtual Trade Corridor using MAITRI as of May 2026?
మే 2026 నాటికి MAITRIను ఉపయోగించే India-UAE Virtual Trade Corridorను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?
Explanation:
• During the Indian Prime Minister's UAE visit on 15 May 2026, the two sides welcomed operationalisation of the Virtual Trade Corridor using MAITRI.
• MAITRI digitally connects relevant customs and port authorities on the two sides.
• Its purpose is trade facilitation through more efficient cargo procedures, not replacement of physical transport infrastructure.
• MAITRI digitally connects relevant customs and port authorities on the two sides.
• Its purpose is trade facilitation through more efficient cargo procedures, not replacement of physical transport infrastructure.
వివరణ:
• 15 మే 2026న Indian Prime Minister UAE visit సందర్భంగా MAITRIను ఉపయోగించే Virtual Trade Corridor operationalisationను రెండు sides welcomed చేశాయి.
• MAITRI రెండు sidesలోని relevant customs మరియు port authoritiesను digitally connect చేస్తుంది.
• Physical transport infrastructureను replace చేయడం కాకుండా more efficient cargo procedures ద్వారా trade facilitation దీని purpose.
• MAITRI రెండు sidesలోని relevant customs మరియు port authoritiesను digitally connect చేస్తుంది.
• Physical transport infrastructureను replace చేయడం కాకుండా more efficient cargo procedures ద్వారా trade facilitation దీని purpose.
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
Which matching of major connectivity initiatives and their status is correct as of September 2026?
సెప్టెంబర్ 2026 నాటికి major connectivity initiatives మరియు వాటి statusకు సరైన matching ఏది?
Explanation:
• The ten-year IPGL-PMO contract for Shahid Beheshti Terminal was signed in May 2024, but the conditional U.S. sanctions waiver ended on 26 April 2026; India has stated that it remains engaged with concerned stakeholders regarding the implications and a sustainable way forward.
• INSTC is an established multimodal connectivity framework, but utilisation, infrastructure and procedural improvements continue.
• IMEC has an agreed framework and advancing component projects, but the complete end-to-end corridor is not yet fully operational.
• INSTC is an established multimodal connectivity framework, but utilisation, infrastructure and procedural improvements continue.
• IMEC has an agreed framework and advancing component projects, but the complete end-to-end corridor is not yet fully operational.
వివరణ:
• Shahid Beheshti Terminalకు ten-year IPGL-PMO contract మే 2024లో signed అయింది; కానీ conditional U.S. sanctions waiver 26 ఏప్రిల్ 2026న ముగిసింది. Implications మరియు sustainable way forwardపై concerned stakeholdersతో engagement కొనసాగుతోందని India తెలిపింది.
• INSTC established multimodal connectivity framework అయినప్పటికీ utilisation, infrastructure మరియు procedural improvements కొనసాగుతున్నాయి.
• IMECకు agreed framework మరియు advancing component projects ఉన్నప్పటికీ complete end-to-end corridor ఇంకా fully operational కాదు.
• INSTC established multimodal connectivity framework అయినప్పటికీ utilisation, infrastructure మరియు procedural improvements కొనసాగుతున్నాయి.
• IMECకు agreed framework మరియు advancing component projects ఉన్నప్పటికీ complete end-to-end corridor ఇంకా fully operational కాదు.
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
-
Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: B. Diversifying energy sources and suppliers, maintaining resilient infrastructure and strategic buffers, and improving the ability to withstand supply disruptions సమాధానం: B. Energy sources మరియు suppliersను diversify చేయడం, resilient infrastructure మరియు strategic buffersను maintain చేయడం, supply disruptionsను ఎదుర్కొనే సామర్థ్యాన్ని పెంచడం
-
Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: B. Natural-gas production → liquefaction → transport by specialised LNG carrier → regasification at the importing terminal సమాధానం: B. Natural-gas production → liquefaction → specialised LNG carrier ద్వారా transport → importing terminalలో regasification
-
Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: A. They can provide greater certainty of contracted supply volumes and commercial terms than complete dependence on short-term spot purchases సమాధానం: A. Short-term spot purchasesపై పూర్తి dependenceతో పోలిస్తే contracted supply volumes మరియు commercial termsపై ఎక్కువ certaintyను అందించగలవు
-
Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: C. It provides for around 7.5 million tonnes per annum of LNG from 2028 to 2048, so the replacement supply period had not yet begun as of September 2026 సమాధానం: C. 2028 నుంచి 2048 వరకు సంవత్సరానికి సుమారు 7.5 million tonnes LNG supplyకు ఇది సంబంధించినది; అందువల్ల సెప్టెంబర్ 2026 నాటికి replacement supply period ఇంకా ప్రారంభం కాలేదు
-
Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: C. It provides for a ten-year supply of 0.5 million tonnes of LNG per year beginning in 2028 సమాధానం: C. 2028 నుంచి ప్రారంభమయ్యేలా ten years పాటు సంవత్సరానికి 0.5 million tonnes LNG supplyకు సంబంధించిన arrangement
-
Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: B. An MoU on Strategic Collaboration envisages potential ADNOC crude-oil storage in India's Strategic Petroleum Reserves of up to 30 million barrels, including participation in existing or planned reserve facilities, along with potential cooperation in gas-storage infrastructure సమాధానం: B. Strategic Collaborationపై MoU ప్రకారం India's Strategic Petroleum Reservesలో 30 million barrels వరకు potential ADNOC crude-oil storage, existing లేదా planned reserve facilitiesలో participationతో పాటు gas-storage infrastructureలో potential cooperation envisaged చేయబడింది
-
Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: A. It is a major maritime passage connecting Gulf energy exporters with international markets, so disruption can affect oil and gas supply flows సమాధానం: A. ఇది Gulf energy exportersను international marketsతో connect చేసే major maritime passage; disruption వల్ల oil మరియు gas supply flowsపై ప్రభావం పడవచ్చు
-
Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: B. Units 1 and 2 are operational, while Units 3 and 4 and Units 5 and 6 remain under construction సమాధానం: B. Units 1 మరియు 2 operationalగా ఉండగా Units 3 మరియు 4, Units 5 మరియు 6 ఇంకా under constructionలో ఉన్నాయి
-
Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer || సమాధానం: D. Russia
-
Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: C. Because they can combine high economic or strategic importance with vulnerabilities such as supply concentration, import dependence or limited substitutes సమాధానం: C. High economic లేదా strategic importanceతో పాటు supply concentration, import dependence లేదా limited substitutes వంటి vulnerabilities ఉండగలవు కాబట్టి
-
Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer || సమాధానం: A. 30
-
Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: B. It covers a seven-year period and seeks to strengthen the critical-mineral value chain from exploration and mining to processing and recovery, with government expenditure of ₹16,300 crore and expected investment of ₹18,000 crore by PSUs and others సమాధానం: B. ఇది seven-year periodను cover చేస్తూ exploration, mining నుంచి processing మరియు recovery వరకు critical-mineral value chainను strengthen చేయడాన్ని లక్ష్యంగా పెట్టుకుంది; ₹16,300 crore government expenditure మరియు PSUs తదితరుల నుంచి expected ₹18,000 crore investment ఉంది
-
Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: C. KABIL signed an agreement in January 2024 obtaining rights for exploration and development of five brine-type lithium blocks covering about 15,703 hectares in Catamarca Province, with exploitation rights linked to successful discovery సమాధానం: C. KABIL January 2024లో Catamarca Provinceలో సుమారు 15,703 hectares విస్తీర్ణంలోని five brine-type lithium blocksకు exploration మరియు development rights పొందింది; successful discovery తర్వాత exploitation rights కూడా arrangementలో భాగంగా ఉంటాయి
-
Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: A. India Ports Global Limited and Iran's Ports and Maritime Organization signed a ten-year contract on 13 May 2024 for equipping and operating the general-cargo and container terminal సమాధానం: A. India Ports Global Limited మరియు Iran Ports and Maritime Organization 13 మే 2024న general-cargo మరియు container terminalను equip మరియు operate చేయడానికి ten-year contract signed చేశాయి
-
Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: C. To provide an additional maritime and overland gateway for trade with Afghanistan, Central Asia and wider Eurasian markets through Iran సమాధానం: C. Iran ద్వారా Afghanistan, Central Asia మరియు wider Eurasian marketsతో trade కోసం additional maritime మరియు overland gatewayను అందించడం
-
Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: B. A multimodal transport network linking the Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf through Iran toward the Caspian region, Russia and Europe సమాధానం: B. Indian Ocean మరియు Persian Gulfను Iran ద్వారా Caspian region, Russia మరియు Europeతో connect చేసే multimodal transport network
-
Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: A. It is an established multimodal connectivity framework with transport activity, while participating countries continue working to expand infrastructure, simplify procedures and increase utilisation సమాధానం: A. ఇది transport activity కలిగిన established multimodal connectivity framework; అదే సమయంలో participating countries infrastructureను expand చేయడం, procedures simplify చేయడం మరియు utilisationను పెంచడం కొనసాగిస్తున్నాయి
-
Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: B. It is intended to comprise an eastern corridor linking India with the Arabian Gulf and a northern corridor linking the Gulf with Europe, supplemented by planned rail, maritime, digital, electricity and clean-hydrogen connectivity సమాధానం: B. Indiaను Arabian Gulfతో connect చేసే eastern corridor మరియు Gulfను Europeతో connect చేసే northern corridorను కలిగి ఉండేలా ఉద్దేశించబడింది; planned rail, maritime, digital, electricity మరియు clean-hydrogen connectivity కూడా ఇందులో భాగం
-
Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: C. The corridor remains under staged development and planning, with work on mapping initiatives, feasibility studies and governance arrangements, while individual component projects such as digital connectivity have progressed సమాధానం: C. Corridor staged development మరియు planningలో ఉంది; initiatives mapping, feasibility studies మరియు governance arrangementsపై work కొనసాగుతుండగా digital connectivity వంటి individual component projects ముందుకు సాగాయి
-
Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: A. It had been operationalised as a digital framework connecting customs and port authorities to streamline cargo movement and reduce costs and transit time సమాధానం: A. Cargo movementను streamline చేసి costs మరియు transit timeను reduce చేయడానికి customs మరియు port authoritiesను connect చేసే digital frameworkగా ఇది operationalise అయింది
-
Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: B. Chabahar — a ten-year India-Iran terminal contract exists, but continued Indian operations face sanctions-related uncertainty after the conditional U.S. waiver ended on 26 April 2026; INSTC — an established multimodal framework whose utilisation and infrastructure continue to develop; IMEC — under staged implementation rather than fully operational end-to-end సమాధానం: B. Chabahar — ten-year India-Iran terminal contract ఉంది; అయితే conditional U.S. waiver 26 ఏప్రిల్ 2026న ముగిసిన తర్వాత continued Indian operationsపై sanctions-related uncertainty ఉంది; INSTC — utilisation మరియు infrastructure ఇంకా develop అవుతున్న established multimodal framework; IMEC — fully operational end-to-end corridor కాకుండా staged implementationలో ఉంది
