Please keep at least one language enabled. || కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
In cryptography, what is plaintext?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Plaintext is the original data supplied as input to an encryption process.
• It represents the information before cryptographic transformation into ciphertext.
• Plaintext can be text, files, database information or other forms of digital data.
• It represents the information before cryptographic transformation into ciphertext.
• Plaintext can be text, files, database information or other forms of digital data.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
What is ciphertext?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Ciphertext is the output produced when plaintext is encrypted.
• It conceals the original meaning of the protected information from parties that lack the required cryptographic capability.
• Decryption transforms the ciphertext back into plaintext when the appropriate algorithm and key are used.
• It conceals the original meaning of the protected information from parties that lack the required cryptographic capability.
• Decryption transforms the ciphertext back into plaintext when the appropriate algorithm and key are used.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
Which statement correctly defines encryption?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Encryption is the cryptographic transformation of plaintext into ciphertext.
• A cryptographic algorithm operates together with a key to perform the transformation.
• Its principal purpose in this context is to protect the confidentiality of information.
• A cryptographic algorithm operates together with a key to perform the transformation.
• Its principal purpose in this context is to protect the confidentiality of information.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
What is decryption?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Decryption is the reverse transformation associated with reversible encryption.
• It converts ciphertext back into the original usable plaintext.
• Successful decryption requires the appropriate cryptographic algorithm and decryption key.
• It converts ciphertext back into the original usable plaintext.
• Successful decryption requires the appropriate cryptographic algorithm and decryption key.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
What security objective is encryption primarily intended to provide for the content of protected data?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Encryption primarily protects confidentiality by concealing the meaning of data from unauthorized parties.
• A party lacking the necessary decryption capability should not be able to recover the protected plaintext feasibly.
• Encryption alone does not automatically guarantee availability, authorization or integrity.
• A party lacking the necessary decryption capability should not be able to recover the protected plaintext feasibly.
• Encryption alone does not automatically guarantee availability, authorization or integrity.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
What is a cryptographic key?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A cryptographic key is a parameter used together with a cryptographic algorithm.
• The key determines the particular transformation performed by the algorithm.
• Protecting cryptographic keys appropriately is essential because the security of encrypted information depends heavily on their proper management.
• The key determines the particular transformation performed by the algorithm.
• Protecting cryptographic keys appropriately is essential because the security of encrypted information depends heavily on their proper management.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
Which statement correctly describes symmetric-key encryption?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Symmetric cryptography uses a single secret key for complementary operations such as encryption and decryption.
• Authorized communicating parties therefore need access to the same secret key.
• Because unauthorized disclosure of that key could expose protected data, the symmetric key must be safeguarded.
• Authorized communicating parties therefore need access to the same secret key.
• Because unauthorized disclosure of that key could expose protected data, the symmetric key must be safeguarded.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
In a public-key encryption scheme used for confidentiality, Alice wants to send encrypted data that only Bob should be able to decrypt with his corresponding private key. Which key should Alice use to encrypt the data?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• In public-key encryption for confidentiality, the recipient's public encryption key can be distributed to senders.
• Alice can therefore encrypt information using Bob's public key.
• The corresponding private key associated with Bob is used for the complementary decryption operation.
• Alice can therefore encrypt information using Bob's public key.
• The corresponding private key associated with Bob is used for the complementary decryption operation.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
In the public-key encryption scenario where data was encrypted using Bob's public key, which key is used for the corresponding decryption operation?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Public-key encryption uses mathematically related public and private keys.
• Data encrypted for Bob using Bob's public encryption key is decrypted using Bob's corresponding private key.
• The private key must be protected from unauthorized disclosure.
• Data encrypted for Bob using Bob's public encryption key is decrypted using Bob's corresponding private key.
• The private key must be protected from unauthorized disclosure.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
Which statement about the secrecy of a symmetric encryption key is correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A symmetric key is a secret value used for both encryption and decryption.
• Unauthorized possession of the key could enable unauthorized decryption of protected information.
• Secure generation, distribution, storage, use and destruction of cryptographic keys are therefore important security practices.
• Unauthorized possession of the key could enable unauthorized decryption of protected information.
• Secure generation, distribution, storage, use and destruction of cryptographic keys are therefore important security practices.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
Which statement correctly describes the public key in an asymmetric cryptographic key pair?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Asymmetric cryptography uses a mathematically related public-key and private-key pair.
• The public key may be distributed publicly, depending on the cryptographic application.
• The corresponding private key must be protected because disclosure can compromise operations that depend on that private key.
• The public key may be distributed publicly, depending on the cryptographic application.
• The corresponding private key must be protected because disclosure can compromise operations that depend on that private key.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
A laptop stores a confidential evidence file on its internal drive. The organization wants the stored file to remain unintelligible to an unauthorized person who obtains the storage device but does not possess the decryption key. Which protection is most directly applicable?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Data at rest refers to information stored on media such as disks, solid-state drives or removable storage.
• Encrypting stored data can protect its confidentiality if the storage medium is lost, stolen or accessed without authorization.
• Effective protection also depends on keeping the decryption key separate from unauthorized users.
• Encrypting stored data can protect its confidentiality if the storage medium is lost, stolen or accessed without authorization.
• Effective protection also depends on keeping the decryption key separate from unauthorized users.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
Two systems exchange sensitive information across an untrusted network. Which security measure most directly protects the confidentiality of the information while it is being transmitted?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Data in transit is information moving between systems over a communication path.
• Encryption can conceal that information from unauthorized parties who intercept the transmission.
• This is distinct from data-at-rest encryption, which protects information while it is stored.
• Encryption can conceal that information from unauthorized parties who intercept the transmission.
• This is distinct from data-at-rest encryption, which protects information while it is stored.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
Which statement about encryption and data integrity is technically correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The fundamental security service provided by encryption is confidentiality.
• Ordinary encryption by itself should not be assumed to detect unauthorized modification or establish the sender's identity.
• Integrity can be provided by mechanisms such as authenticated encryption or appropriate cryptographic authentication techniques.
• Ordinary encryption by itself should not be assumed to detect unauthorized modification or establish the sender's identity.
• Integrity can be provided by mechanisms such as authenticated encryption or appropriate cryptographic authentication techniques.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
Which sequence correctly represents a basic reversible encryption process?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Encryption takes plaintext together with an algorithm and appropriate key to produce ciphertext.
• Decryption applies the corresponding algorithm and key to restore the ciphertext to plaintext.
• The cryptographic key controls the specific transformation performed by the algorithm.
• Decryption applies the corresponding algorithm and key to restore the ciphertext to plaintext.
• The cryptographic key controls the specific transformation performed by the algorithm.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
An encrypted file is intact, but a user attempts to decrypt it with an incorrect cryptographic key. Which result should be expected from a properly designed encryption system?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Cryptographic keys determine the particular encryption and decryption transformations.
• Possession of an arbitrary incorrect key should not enable recovery of the original plaintext.
• With authenticated-encryption mechanisms, an incorrect key will also normally cause authentication verification to fail rather than yield accepted plaintext.
• Possession of an arbitrary incorrect key should not enable recovery of the original plaintext.
• With authenticated-encryption mechanisms, an incorrect key will also normally cause authentication verification to fail rather than yield accepted plaintext.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
Consider the following statements:
1. Plaintext is the data before encryption.
2. Ciphertext is produced by encrypting plaintext.
3. A symmetric encryption key should normally be made public to everyone.
4. Decryption restores ciphertext to plaintext when the appropriate algorithm and key are used.
Which statements are correct?
1. Plaintext is the data before encryption.
2. Ciphertext is produced by encrypting plaintext.
3. A symmetric encryption key should normally be made public to everyone.
4. Decryption restores ciphertext to plaintext when the appropriate algorithm and key are used.
Which statements are correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statements 1 and 2 correctly identify plaintext and ciphertext.
• Statement 3 is false because a symmetric encryption key must be protected as a secret from unauthorized entities.
• Statement 4 correctly describes the basic purpose of decryption.
• Statement 3 is false because a symmetric encryption key must be protected as a secret from unauthorized entities.
• Statement 4 correctly describes the basic purpose of decryption.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
Assertion (A): Encryption does not eliminate the need for access controls on sensitive information.
Reason (R): Encryption can protect confidentiality of the data, while access-control mechanisms determine which users or processes are authorized to access particular resources.
Choose the correct answer.
Reason (R): Encryption can protect confidentiality of the data, while access-control mechanisms determine which users or processes are authorized to access particular resources.
Choose the correct answer.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Encryption and access control provide different, complementary security functions.
• Encryption protects data confidentiality, while access controls regulate who is permitted to access resources or perform operations.
• Both statements are true, and the Reason correctly explains why encryption does not replace access-control mechanisms.
• Encryption protects data confidentiality, while access controls regulate who is permitted to access resources or perform operations.
• Both statements are true, and the Reason correctly explains why encryption does not replace access-control mechanisms.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
Match List I with List II:
List I
(a) Plaintext
(b) Ciphertext
(c) Symmetric key
(d) Private key
List II
1. Secret member of an asymmetric key pair
2. Original data before encryption
3. Encrypted representation produced from plaintext
4. Secret key used for both encryption and the corresponding decryption operation in symmetric cryptography
Choose the correct matching code.
List I
(a) Plaintext
(b) Ciphertext
(c) Symmetric key
(d) Private key
List II
1. Secret member of an asymmetric key pair
2. Original data before encryption
3. Encrypted representation produced from plaintext
4. Secret key used for both encryption and the corresponding decryption operation in symmetric cryptography
Choose the correct matching code.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Plaintext is the original data, giving (a)-2, while ciphertext is its encrypted form, giving (b)-3.
• A symmetric key is the secret key used for both encryption and the corresponding decryption operation, giving (c)-4.
• The private key is the secret member of an asymmetric key pair, giving (d)-1.
• A symmetric key is the secret key used for both encryption and the corresponding decryption operation, giving (c)-4.
• The private key is the secret member of an asymmetric key pair, giving (d)-1.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
An organization encrypts highly sensitive evidence files but stores the decryption key in an openly readable file beside the encrypted data. Which statement best evaluates this practice?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The confidentiality provided by encryption depends heavily on preventing unauthorized access to secret or private decryption keys.
• Storing a usable decryption key openly with the encrypted information can defeat the intended protection if both are compromised.
• Sound key management is therefore an essential part of effective cryptographic security.
• Storing a usable decryption key openly with the encrypted information can defeat the intended protection if both are compromised.
• Sound key management is therefore an essential part of effective cryptographic security.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: B. The original intelligible data before it is encrypted సమాధానం: B.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: D. Data produced by cryptographically transforming plaintext through encryption సమాధానం: D.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: A. The process of transforming plaintext into ciphertext using a cryptographic algorithm and key సమాధానం: A.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: C. Transforming ciphertext back into plaintext using the appropriate cryptographic algorithm and key సమాధానం: C.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: C. Confidentiality against unauthorized disclosure సమాధానం: C.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: A. A parameter used with a cryptographic algorithm that determines the specific cryptographic transformation or operation సమాధానం: A.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: D. The same secret key is used for encryption and the corresponding decryption operation. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: B. Bob's public key సమాధానం: B.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: D. Bob's corresponding private key సమాధానం: D.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: B. It must be kept secret from entities that are not authorized to access the protected information. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: C. It may be made public, while the corresponding private key must remain protected. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: A. Encryption of data at rest సమాధానం: A.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: B. Encrypting the data in transit సమాధానం: B.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: C. Encryption primarily provides confidentiality; integrity requires an appropriate integrity-protection mechanism or an authenticated-encryption construction. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: A. Plaintext + encryption algorithm/key → ciphertext; ciphertext + appropriate decryption algorithm/key → plaintext సమాధానం: A.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: D. The incorrect key should not correctly recover the original plaintext; authenticated encryption may additionally reject the decryption attempt because authentication fails. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: A. 1, 2 and 4 only సమాధానం: A.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: D. Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: C. (a)-2, (b)-3, (c)-4, (d)-1 సమాధానం: C.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: B. It seriously weakens the protection because an unauthorized person who obtains both the ciphertext and usable decryption key may be able to recover the plaintext. సమాధానం: B.