Please keep at least one language enabled. || కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
What is the minimum number of disks required to create a standard RAID 5 array?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• RAID 5 requires a minimum of three disks.
• Data and distributed parity information are spread across the member disks.
• The parity information enables the array to tolerate the failure of one disk.
• Data and distributed parity information are spread across the member disks.
• The parity information enables the array to tolerate the failure of one disk.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
What is the minimum number of disks required for a standard RAID 6 configuration?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• RAID 6 requires at least four disks.
• It stores two independent sets of distributed parity information.
• This additional redundancy allows RAID 6 to tolerate the failure of any two member disks.
• It stores two independent sets of distributed parity information.
• This additional redundancy allows RAID 6 to tolerate the failure of any two member disks.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
What is the minimum number of disks normally required to implement RAID 10 (RAID 1+0)?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• RAID 10 combines mirroring and striping.
• At least two mirrored pairs are required, giving a minimum of four disks.
• Data is striped across the mirrored pairs to combine redundancy with good performance.
• At least two mirrored pairs are required, giving a minimum of four disks.
• Data is striped across the mirrored pairs to combine redundancy with good performance.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
Four identical 2 TB disks are configured as RAID 5. Ignoring formatting and metadata overhead, what is the approximate usable capacity?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• RAID 5 usable capacity with equal-sized disks is approximately (N − 1) × disk capacity.
• Therefore, (4 − 1) × 2 TB = 6 TB.
• Capacity equivalent to one disk is effectively used for distributed parity.
• Therefore, (4 − 1) × 2 TB = 6 TB.
• Capacity equivalent to one disk is effectively used for distributed parity.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
Six identical 2 TB disks are configured as RAID 6. Ignoring overhead, what is the approximate usable capacity?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• RAID 6 usable capacity with equal-sized disks is approximately (N − 2) × disk capacity.
• Therefore, (6 − 2) × 2 TB = 8 TB.
• Capacity equivalent to two disks is used for the two parity sets.
• Therefore, (6 − 2) × 2 TB = 8 TB.
• Capacity equivalent to two disks is used for the two parity sets.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
Four identical 4 TB disks are configured as RAID 10. Assuming standard mirrored pairs and ignoring overhead, what is the approximate usable capacity?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• RAID 10 normally provides approximately half of the total raw capacity because each data set is mirrored.
• Four 4 TB disks provide 16 TB raw capacity, of which about 8 TB is usable.
• The remaining capacity maintains the mirrored copies.
• Four 4 TB disks provide 16 TB raw capacity, of which about 8 TB is usable.
• The remaining capacity maintains the mirrored copies.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
How many member-disk failures can a standard RAID 5 array tolerate without losing access to the array's data, assuming no additional failures occur before recovery?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• RAID 5 uses single distributed parity.
• The parity information allows the missing data from one failed member to be reconstructed.
• A second disk failure before the array is successfully rebuilt can result in data loss.
• The parity information allows the missing data from one failed member to be reconstructed.
• A second disk failure before the array is successfully rebuilt can result in data loss.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
Which RAID level among the following can tolerate the failure of any two member disks in the same array?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• RAID 6 uses dual distributed parity and can tolerate any two member-disk failures.
• RAID 5 provides protection against only one member-disk failure.
• A basic two-disk RAID 1 mirror also loses redundancy after one disk fails.
• RAID 5 provides protection against only one member-disk failure.
• A basic two-disk RAID 1 mirror also loses redundancy after one disk fails.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
Which statement about the fault tolerance of RAID 10 is most accurate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• RAID 10 obtains redundancy from mirrored pairs rather than parity.
• It can survive more than one drive failure when the surviving members still preserve a copy from each mirror set.
• If both members of the same required mirrored pair fail, the array may lose access to the affected data.
• It can survive more than one drive failure when the surviving members still preserve a copy from each mirror set.
• If both members of the same required mirrored pair fail, the array may lose access to the affected data.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
Which feature is most closely associated with RAID 5?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• RAID 5 combines striping with a single set of parity information distributed across the disks.
• The parity is not normally confined to one dedicated parity disk.
• This arrangement balances usable capacity, performance and single-disk fault tolerance.
• The parity is not normally confined to one dedicated parity disk.
• This arrangement balances usable capacity, performance and single-disk fault tolerance.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
What principally distinguishes RAID 6 from RAID 5?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• RAID 5 uses one set of parity, whereas RAID 6 uses two independent parity calculations.
• Dual parity allows RAID 6 to remain operational after any two member drives fail.
• The additional protection requires greater capacity overhead and a minimum of four disks.
• Dual parity allows RAID 6 to remain operational after any two member drives fail.
• The additional protection requires greater capacity overhead and a minimum of four disks.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
What is the main purpose of parity information in RAID 5 and RAID 6?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Parity contains calculated information derived from the stored data blocks.
• When a supported number of drives fail, remaining data and parity can be used to reconstruct missing information.
• Parity provides redundancy without maintaining a complete mirror of every data block.
• When a supported number of drives fail, remaining data and parity can be used to reconstruct missing information.
• Parity provides redundancy without maintaining a complete mirror of every data block.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
Which statement correctly describes RAID 10?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• RAID 10 is commonly described as RAID 1+0 because it combines mirroring with striping.
• Data is protected by mirrored copies, while striping across mirror sets improves performance.
• It does not use parity as RAID 5 and RAID 6 do.
• Data is protected by mirrored copies, while striping across mirror sets improves performance.
• It does not use parity as RAID 5 and RAID 6 do.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
Five identical 1 TB drives are configured as RAID 5. Ignoring overhead, what is the approximate usable capacity?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• RAID 5 usable capacity is approximately (N − 1) × the size of the smallest member disk.
• With five 1 TB disks, (5 − 1) × 1 TB = 4 TB.
• Capacity equivalent to one disk is used for distributed parity.
• With five 1 TB disks, (5 − 1) × 1 TB = 4 TB.
• Capacity equivalent to one disk is used for distributed parity.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
Five identical 1 TB disks are configured as RAID 6. Ignoring overhead, what is the approximate usable capacity?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• RAID 6 uses capacity equivalent to two member disks for dual parity.
• Its usable capacity is approximately (N − 2) × disk size.
• Therefore, (5 − 2) × 1 TB = 3 TB.
• Its usable capacity is approximately (N − 2) × disk size.
• Therefore, (5 − 2) × 1 TB = 3 TB.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
Six identical 1 TB disks are configured as RAID 10 using three mirrored pairs. Ignoring overhead, what is the approximate usable capacity?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Six 1 TB disks provide 6 TB of raw capacity.
• In standard RAID 10, each data set is duplicated within a mirrored pair, leaving approximately half of the raw capacity usable.
• Thus 6 TB ÷ 2 = 3 TB.
• In standard RAID 10, each data set is duplicated within a mirrored pair, leaving approximately half of the raw capacity usable.
• Thus 6 TB ÷ 2 = 3 TB.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
An organization requires a parity-based RAID arrangement that must remain functional even if any two disks fail. Which RAID level best satisfies this requirement?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• RAID 6 is specifically designed with dual parity so that any two member-disk failures can be tolerated.
• RAID 5 provides only single-disk fault tolerance.
• RAID 0 provides no redundancy, while a two-disk RAID 1 mirror can tolerate only one of its two drives failing.
• RAID 5 provides only single-disk fault tolerance.
• RAID 0 provides no redundancy, while a two-disk RAID 1 mirror can tolerate only one of its two drives failing.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
A four-disk RAID 5 array has already lost one disk and is operating in degraded mode. Before the failed disk is replaced and the array is successfully rebuilt, another member disk fails. What is the likely result?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• RAID 5 provides redundancy sufficient for only one member-disk failure.
• While one drive is already missing, the remaining data and parity are being relied upon to reconstruct that missing information.
• A second member failure exceeds RAID 5's fault-tolerance capability.
• While one drive is already missing, the remaining data and parity are being relied upon to reconstruct that missing information.
• A second member failure exceeds RAID 5's fault-tolerance capability.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
Assertion (A): With the same number and size of disks, RAID 6 generally provides less usable capacity than RAID 5.
Reason (R): RAID 6 uses capacity equivalent to two disks for dual parity, whereas RAID 5 uses capacity equivalent to one disk for parity.
Choose the correct answer.
Reason (R): RAID 6 uses capacity equivalent to two disks for dual parity, whereas RAID 5 uses capacity equivalent to one disk for parity.
Choose the correct answer.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• For equal-sized disks, RAID 5 usable capacity is approximately (N − 1) × disk size.
• RAID 6 usable capacity is approximately (N − 2) × disk size because additional capacity is required for the second parity set.
• The Reason therefore correctly explains the Assertion.
• RAID 6 usable capacity is approximately (N − 2) × disk size because additional capacity is required for the second parity set.
• The Reason therefore correctly explains the Assertion.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
Match List I with List II:
List I
(a) RAID 5
(b) RAID 6
(c) RAID 10
(d) Parity
List II
1. Combines mirroring and striping
2. Allows reconstruction of missing data from calculated redundant information
3. Single distributed parity
4. Dual distributed parity
Choose the correct matching code.
List I
(a) RAID 5
(b) RAID 6
(c) RAID 10
(d) Parity
List II
1. Combines mirroring and striping
2. Allows reconstruction of missing data from calculated redundant information
3. Single distributed parity
4. Dual distributed parity
Choose the correct matching code.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• RAID 5 uses single distributed parity, giving (a)-3.
• RAID 6 uses dual distributed parity, giving (b)-4.
• RAID 10 combines mirroring and striping, while parity provides calculated redundant information used for reconstruction, giving (c)-1 and (d)-2.
• RAID 6 uses dual distributed parity, giving (b)-4.
• RAID 10 combines mirroring and striping, while parity provides calculated redundant information used for reconstruction, giving (c)-1 and (d)-2.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: B. 3 disks సమాధానం: B.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: D. 4 disks సమాధానం: D.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: A. 4 disks సమాధానం: A.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: C. 6 TB సమాధానం: C.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: C. 8 TB సమాధానం: C.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: B. 8 TB సమాధానం: B.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: D. Any one disk failure సమాధానం: D.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: A. RAID 6 సమాధానం: A.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: B. It can survive multiple disk failures if the failed disks do not eliminate both members of the same required mirror pair. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: C. Block-level striping with distributed parity సమాధానం: C.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: A. RAID 6 uses two independent parity sets and can tolerate any two disk failures. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: D. To allow missing data to be reconstructed after supported disk failures సమాధానం: D.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: D. It combines striping across mirrored disk sets and does not depend on parity. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: B. 4 TB సమాధానం: B.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: C. 3 TB సమాధానం: C.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: A. 3 TB సమాధానం: A.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: B. RAID 6 సమాధానం: B.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: D. The array can no longer reconstruct all required data and data loss or array failure is likely. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: C. (a)-3, (b)-4, (c)-1, (d)-2 సమాధానం: C.