Please keep at least one language enabled. || కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
What does discourse analysis primarily study?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Discourse analysis examines how stretches of spoken or written language function in context.
• It studies relationships among participants, purposes, meanings and larger textual patterns.
• It therefore goes beyond the analysis of isolated sentences.
• Phonetics, morphology and writing-system history address the other options.
• It studies relationships among participants, purposes, meanings and larger textual patterns.
• It therefore goes beyond the analysis of isolated sentences.
• Phonetics, morphology and writing-system history address the other options.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
Which distinction between text and discourse is most accurate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Text commonly refers to the observable spoken or written linguistic product.
• Discourse highlights the use and interpretation of that product within social and communicative contexts.
• The terms often overlap, but neither is restricted absolutely to speech or writing.
• Discourse analysis therefore considers participants, purposes, assumptions and institutions.
• Discourse highlights the use and interpretation of that product within social and communicative contexts.
• The terms often overlap, but neither is restricted absolutely to speech or writing.
• Discourse analysis therefore considers participants, purposes, assumptions and institutions.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
Cohesion in a text refers primarily to:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Cohesion consists of linguistic devices that connect clauses and sentences on the textual surface.
• Such devices include reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction and lexical cohesion.
• Cohesion helps readers track relationships among textual elements.
• A text can contain cohesive markers yet still lack overall coherence.
• Such devices include reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction and lexical cohesion.
• Cohesion helps readers track relationships among textual elements.
• A text can contain cohesive markers yet still lack overall coherence.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
Coherence is best understood as:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Coherence is the overall sense of meaningful connectedness in a discourse.
• It depends on logical relations, shared knowledge, context and the reader's or hearer's inferences.
• Coherence is not created by grammaticality or punctuation alone.
• A discourse may be coherent even when some connections are not explicitly marked.
• It depends on logical relations, shared knowledge, context and the reader's or hearer's inferences.
• Coherence is not created by grammaticality or punctuation alone.
• A discourse may be coherent even when some connections are not explicitly marked.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
In the sequence Maya bought a book. She read it that evening, the words she and it illustrate:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• She refers back to Maya, and it refers back to a book.
• These pronouns create referential cohesion across the two sentences.
• Because the referents appear earlier, the relationship is anaphoric.
• Ellipsis omits material, while substitution replaces it with another form.
• These pronouns create referential cohesion across the two sentences.
• Because the referents appear earlier, the relationship is anaphoric.
• Ellipsis omits material, while substitution replaces it with another form.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
Which example contains anaphoric reference?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• In Ravi entered the room. He looked tired, the pronoun he refers back to Ravi.
• Reference to an earlier expression is called anaphoric reference.
• The first and third options can illustrate forward-pointing or cataphoric relations.
• Anaphora contributes to cohesion by linking later expressions with earlier ones.
• Reference to an earlier expression is called anaphoric reference.
• The first and third options can illustrate forward-pointing or cataphoric relations.
• Anaphora contributes to cohesion by linking later expressions with earlier ones.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
Which sentence most clearly illustrates cataphoric reference?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• In When she arrived, Priya greeted everyone, she refers forward to Priya.
• A reference that points to a later expression is cataphoric.
• Cataphora is less common than anaphora but occurs regularly in certain structures.
• The second option contains anaphoric reference because it refers back to the letter.
• A reference that points to a later expression is cataphoric.
• Cataphora is less common than anaphora but occurs regularly in certain structures.
• The second option contains anaphoric reference because it refers back to the letter.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
In the exchange I need a pen. Do you have one?, the word one is an example of:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• One substitutes for the noun phrase a pen.
• Substitution replaces an earlier linguistic item with another form rather than repeating it.
• The substituted form contributes to cohesion and avoids unnecessary repetition.
• Ellipsis would omit the recoverable expression without replacing it with one.
• Substitution replaces an earlier linguistic item with another form rather than repeating it.
• The substituted form contributes to cohesion and avoids unnecessary repetition.
• Ellipsis would omit the recoverable expression without replacing it with one.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
Which sentence contains ellipsis?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• In Rina ordered tea, and Kabir coffee, the verb ordered is omitted from the second clause.
• The missing material is recoverable from the first clause.
• This omission is called ellipsis.
• The complete interpretation is Rina ordered tea, and Kabir ordered coffee.
• The missing material is recoverable from the first clause.
• This omission is called ellipsis.
• The complete interpretation is Rina ordered tea, and Kabir ordered coffee.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
Which cohesive device is used most directly in The road was flooded; therefore, the match was cancelled?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Therefore explicitly signals a consequential relation between the two clauses.
• Conjunctions and conjunctive expressions mark relations such as addition, contrast, cause and time.
• Here the cancellation is presented as a result of the flooded road.
• No item is substituted or omitted in the example.
• Conjunctions and conjunctive expressions mark relations such as addition, contrast, cause and time.
• Here the cancellation is presented as a result of the flooded road.
• No item is substituted or omitted in the example.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
The repetition of words such as forest, trees, branches and leaves across a text primarily creates:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The words belong to a shared lexical field associated with forests and vegetation.
• Their semantic relatedness creates lexical cohesion across the text.
• Lexical cohesion may arise through repetition, synonymy, hyponymy, antonymy and collocation.
• It differs from grammatical cohesion produced through pronouns or substitution.
• Their semantic relatedness creates lexical cohesion across the text.
• Lexical cohesion may arise through repetition, synonymy, hyponymy, antonymy and collocation.
• It differs from grammatical cohesion produced through pronouns or substitution.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
Which pair best illustrates lexical cohesion through collocation?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Doctor and patient frequently occur within the same professional and situational field.
• Their habitual semantic association creates cohesion through collocation.
• Collocational cohesion does not require synonymy or repetition.
• The other pairs mainly involve reference, substitution or conjunction.
• Their habitual semantic association creates cohesion through collocation.
• Collocational cohesion does not require synonymy or repetition.
• The other pairs mainly involve reference, substitution or conjunction.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
Information structure is principally concerned with:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Information structure concerns how a message is organized for a hearer or reader.
• It includes distinctions such as given and new information, topic and comment, and focus.
• Stress, word order and thematic organization can signal informational prominence.
• The concept helps explain why alternative sentence forms suit different discourse contexts.
• It includes distinctions such as given and new information, topic and comment, and focus.
• Stress, word order and thematic organization can signal informational prominence.
• The concept helps explain why alternative sentence forms suit different discourse contexts.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
Conversation analysis primarily investigates:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Conversation analysis examines how participants organize real interaction turn by turn.
• It studies turn-taking, adjacency pairs, repair, sequence organization and preference patterns.
• Its evidence commonly comes from detailed recordings and transcripts.
• The approach focuses on interactional practices rather than isolated linguistic forms.
• It studies turn-taking, adjacency pairs, repair, sequence organization and preference patterns.
• Its evidence commonly comes from detailed recordings and transcripts.
• The approach focuses on interactional practices rather than isolated linguistic forms.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
Which feature of conversation regulates who speaks, when a speaker may begin and how a speaker yields the floor?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Turn-taking organizes the distribution of speaking opportunities in interaction.
• Participants use syntax, intonation, gaze and pragmatic cues to project possible transition points.
• Overlaps and pauses can reveal how the system is being managed.
• Turn-taking is a central topic in conversation analysis.
• Participants use syntax, intonation, gaze and pragmatic cues to project possible transition points.
• Overlaps and pauses can reveal how the system is being managed.
• Turn-taking is a central topic in conversation analysis.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
Which pair forms a typical adjacency pair?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Adjacency pairs consist of conventionally related first and second parts produced by different speakers.
• A greeting typically makes a return greeting relevant.
• Other examples include question-answer, request-acceptance or refusal, and offer-response.
• The pair is defined interactionally rather than by grammatical category.
• A greeting typically makes a return greeting relevant.
• Other examples include question-answer, request-acceptance or refusal, and offer-response.
• The pair is defined interactionally rather than by grammatical category.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
In conversation analysis, repair refers to:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Repair includes practices for correcting or clarifying trouble in interaction.
• A speaker may self-correct, restart or clarify, while another participant may request explanation.
• Repair is broader than the correction of grammatical errors.
• It helps participants maintain mutual understanding and conversational progress.
• A speaker may self-correct, restart or clarify, while another participant may request explanation.
• Repair is broader than the correction of grammatical errors.
• It helps participants maintain mutual understanding and conversational progress.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
A speech event is best defined as:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A speech event is a culturally and socially recognizable communicative activity.
• Examples include an interview, lecture, prayer, debate or courtroom examination.
• Such events have expectations concerning participants, purposes, topics and acceptable forms of speaking.
• The concept is associated with the ethnography of communication.
• Examples include an interview, lecture, prayer, debate or courtroom examination.
• Such events have expectations concerning participants, purposes, topics and acceptable forms of speaking.
• The concept is associated with the ethnography of communication.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
In discourse studies, genre is most accurately understood as:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Genre is a socially recognized type of communicative event or text.
• Genres develop recurring structures and linguistic conventions because they serve shared purposes.
• Examples include research articles, news reports, job interviews and legal judgements.
• Genre competence includes knowing both form and the social expectations attached to it.
• Genres develop recurring structures and linguistic conventions because they serve shared purposes.
• Examples include research articles, news reports, job interviews and legal judgements.
• Genre competence includes knowing both form and the social expectations attached to it.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
Critical discourse analysis is especially concerned with:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Critical discourse analysis investigates relationships among language, power, ideology and social structure.
• It asks how representations, identities and social relations are produced through discourse.
• Analysts often study institutional, political, media and educational texts.
• The approach connects detailed textual analysis with wider social explanation.
• It asks how representations, identities and social relations are produced through discourse.
• Analysts often study institutional, political, media and educational texts.
• The approach connects detailed textual analysis with wider social explanation.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
Consider the following statements. Statement I: Cohesion is created through identifiable linguistic links within a text. Statement II: Coherence depends only on the number of cohesive devices used. Which option is correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement I is correct because reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction and lexical relations create textual cohesion.
• Statement II is incorrect because coherence also depends on context, knowledge, logical relations and interpretation.
• A text can contain many cohesive markers yet remain incoherent.
• Therefore, Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect.
• Statement II is incorrect because coherence also depends on context, knowledge, logical relations and interpretation.
• A text can contain many cohesive markers yet remain incoherent.
• Therefore, Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
Which of the following statements are correct? 1. Reference can link an expression with another item in the discourse. 2. Ellipsis omits material that can be recovered from context. 3. Substitution always repeats the original expression in full. 4. Lexical cohesion can arise through repetition and semantic association.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct because referential forms connect with discourse entities or expressions.
• Statement 2 is correct because ellipsis leaves recoverable material unexpressed.
• Statement 3 is incorrect because substitution replaces an earlier item rather than repeating it fully.
• Statement 4 is correct because repetition, synonymy and collocation can create lexical cohesion.
• Therefore, statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct.
• Statement 2 is correct because ellipsis leaves recoverable material unexpressed.
• Statement 3 is incorrect because substitution replaces an earlier item rather than repeating it fully.
• Statement 4 is correct because repetition, synonymy and collocation can create lexical cohesion.
• Therefore, statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
Assertion: A question normally makes an answer interactionally relevant. Reason: Questions and answers can form the first and second parts of an adjacency pair.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The Assertion is correct because a question projects an appropriate next action from another participant.
• The Reason is correct because question-answer is a standard adjacency-pair structure.
• The organization of the pair explains why failure to answer may become noticeable or accountable.
• Therefore, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
• The Reason is correct because question-answer is a standard adjacency-pair structure.
• The organization of the pair explains why failure to answer may become noticeable or accountable.
• Therefore, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
Match List I with List II. List I: 1. Reference 2. Substitution 3. Ellipsis 4. Adjacency pair. List II: a. Omission of recoverable material b. A linked sequence such as request-response c. Use of a form such as one in place of an earlier item d. Use of an expression that points to another discourse entity.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Reference matches d because a referential form points to another discourse entity or expression.
• Substitution matches c because a substitute such as one replaces an earlier item.
• Ellipsis matches a because recoverable material is omitted.
• Adjacency pair matches b because it consists of linked conversational actions such as request-response.
• Therefore, the correct code is 1-d, 2-c, 3-a, 4-b.
• Substitution matches c because a substitute such as one replaces an earlier item.
• Ellipsis matches a because recoverable material is omitted.
• Adjacency pair matches b because it consists of linked conversational actions such as request-response.
• Therefore, the correct code is 1-d, 2-c, 3-a, 4-b.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
Which option provides the most accurate integrated account of discourse analysis?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Discourse analysis links linguistic form with context, communicative purpose and social practice.
• Text linguistics examines cohesion and coherence, while conversation analysis studies sequential interaction.
• Genre analysis investigates recurring communicative forms, and critical discourse analysis examines power and ideology.
• Meaning is therefore treated as context-sensitive and socially organized.
• Text linguistics examines cohesion and coherence, while conversation analysis studies sequential interaction.
• Genre analysis investigates recurring communicative forms, and critical discourse analysis examines power and ideology.
• Meaning is therefore treated as context-sensitive and socially organized.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
-
Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: A. Language use beyond isolated sentences in social and communicative contexts సమాధానం: A.
-
Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: B. Text may denote the linguistic product, whereas discourse emphasizes language as contextualized social action సమాధానం: B.
-
Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: C. Explicit linguistic links connecting parts of the text సమాధానం: C.
-
Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: D. The meaningful and interpretable unity perceived in a discourse సమాధానం: D.
-
Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: A. Reference సమాధానం: A.
-
Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: B. Ravi entered the room. He looked tired సమాధానం: B.
-
Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: C. When she arrived, Priya greeted everyone సమాధానం: C.
-
Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: D. Substitution సమాధానం: D.
-
Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: A. Rina ordered tea, and Kabir coffee సమాధానం: A.
-
Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: B. Conjunction సమాధానం: B.
-
Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: C. Lexical cohesion సమాధానం: C.
-
Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: D. Doctor and patient సమాధానం: D.
-
Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: A. How speakers organize given, new, prominent and backgrounded information సమాధానం: A.
-
Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: B. The sequential organization of naturally occurring interaction సమాధానం: B.
-
Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: C. Turn-taking సమాధానం: C.
-
Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: D. Greeting and greeting సమాధానం: D.
-
Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: A. Practices used to resolve problems in speaking, hearing or understanding సమాధానం: A.
-
Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: B. A socially recognized communicative activity governed by shared norms సమాధానం: B.
-
Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: C. A recurrent communicative form shaped by shared purposes and conventions సమాధానం: C.
-
Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: D. Examining how discourse constructs and reproduces power, ideology and inequality సమాధానం: D.
-
Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: C. Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect సమాధానం: C.
-
Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: A. 1, 2 and 4 only సమాధానం: A.
-
Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: A. Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion సమాధానం: A.
-
Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-a, 4-b సమాధానం: D.
-
Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: C. It examines how linguistic patterns, interactional organization, genre and social power contribute to contextual meaning సమాధానం: C.