Please keep at least one language enabled. || కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
What is a morpheme?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A morpheme is the smallest linguistic unit that contributes lexical meaning or grammatical function.
• The word cats contains the lexical morpheme cat and the plural morpheme -s.
• A morpheme must not be confused with a phoneme, which is a contrastive sound unit.
• Morphemes may be free or bound.
• The word cats contains the lexical morpheme cat and the plural morpheme -s.
• A morpheme must not be confused with a phoneme, which is a contrastive sound unit.
• Morphemes may be free or bound.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
Which term denotes the actual phonetic or written form through which a morpheme is realized?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A morph is the concrete spoken or written realization of a morpheme.
• A morpheme is an abstract unit, whereas a morph is its observable form in a particular word.
• Different morphs may realize the same morpheme and are then called allomorphs.
• A stem, lexeme and syllable belong to different levels of analysis.
• A morpheme is an abstract unit, whereas a morph is its observable form in a particular word.
• Different morphs may realize the same morpheme and are then called allomorphs.
• A stem, lexeme and syllable belong to different levels of analysis.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
Which option best defines allomorphs?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Allomorphs are variant forms that realize the same morpheme in different environments.
• The English plural morpheme has regular realizations commonly transcribed as /s/, /z/ and /ɪz/.
• These forms share the same grammatical function despite their phonological differences.
• Sounds that distinguish meaning are phonemes, not allomorphs.
• The English plural morpheme has regular realizations commonly transcribed as /s/, /z/ and /ɪz/.
• These forms share the same grammatical function despite their phonological differences.
• Sounds that distinguish meaning are phonemes, not allomorphs.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
Which of the following is a free morpheme?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Book can occur independently as a complete word and is therefore a free morpheme.
• The forms -ness, un- and -ed cannot normally stand alone with the same linguistic function.
• Such dependent forms are bound morphemes.
• Free morphemes may be lexical, such as book, or grammatical, such as and.
• The forms -ness, un- and -ed cannot normally stand alone with the same linguistic function.
• Such dependent forms are bound morphemes.
• Free morphemes may be lexical, such as book, or grammatical, such as and.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
Which option contains only bound morphemes?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The prefix un- and the suffixes -ness and -ed cannot normally function as independent words.
• They must attach to another form and are therefore bound morphemes.
• Book, read, kind, house and quick are free lexical morphemes.
• The, and and but are free grammatical morphemes.
• They must attach to another form and are therefore bound morphemes.
• Book, read, kind, house and quick are free lexical morphemes.
• The, and and but are free grammatical morphemes.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
In the word disagreement, which form is the root?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Agree is the central lexical element that remains after the derivational prefix dis- and suffix -ment are removed.
• A root carries the core lexical meaning and is not further analyzable into smaller meaningful parts in this example.
• Disagree is a derived stem or base for the addition of -ment.
• The suffix -ment is a bound derivational morpheme.
• A root carries the core lexical meaning and is not further analyzable into smaller meaningful parts in this example.
• Disagree is a derived stem or base for the addition of -ment.
• The suffix -ment is a bound derivational morpheme.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
Which statement most accurately defines a base in morphology?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A base is any form to which an affix or another morphological process can be applied.
• A base may be a simple root or a more complex derived form.
• In disagreement, agree is a base for dis-, and disagree is a base for -ment.
• The term is therefore broader than root.
• A base may be a simple root or a more complex derived form.
• In disagreement, agree is a base for dis-, and disagree is a base for -ment.
• The term is therefore broader than root.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
What is an affix?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• An affix is a bound morpheme attached to a root, stem or base.
• Prefixes occur before a base, while suffixes occur after it.
• English examples include un- in unhappy and -ness in happiness.
• Affixes may express derivational or inflectional functions.
• Prefixes occur before a base, while suffixes occur after it.
• English examples include un- in unhappy and -ness in happiness.
• Affixes may express derivational or inflectional functions.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
Which word contains an inflectional suffix?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Walked contains the past-tense suffix -ed, which is inflectional.
• Inflection expresses grammatical information without creating a new lexeme or changing the basic word class.
• Kindness, unhappy and modernize contain derivational affixes.
• English inflection includes categories such as tense, number, comparison and possession.
• Inflection expresses grammatical information without creating a new lexeme or changing the basic word class.
• Kindness, unhappy and modernize contain derivational affixes.
• English inflection includes categories such as tense, number, comparison and possession.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
Which feature most clearly distinguishes derivation from inflection?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Derivation commonly forms a new lexical item and may alter the word class of the base.
• The suffix -ness changes the adjective happy into the noun happiness.
• Inflection generally supplies grammatical information required by context without creating a new lexeme.
• Derivational affixes may be prefixes or suffixes.
• The suffix -ness changes the adjective happy into the noun happiness.
• Inflection generally supplies grammatical information required by context without creating a new lexeme.
• Derivational affixes may be prefixes or suffixes.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
Which word is formed by compounding?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Blackboard combines the free bases black and board into one lexical item.
• Compounding joins two or more bases, roots or words to form a new word.
• Teacher is formed by derivation, unfair by prefixation and edited by inflection.
• Compound meanings may be transparent or partially idiomatic.
• Compounding joins two or more bases, roots or words to form a new word.
• Teacher is formed by derivation, unfair by prefixation and edited by inflection.
• Compound meanings may be transparent or partially idiomatic.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
The formation of the verb email from the noun email without adding an affix is an example of:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Conversion changes the grammatical category of an existing form without an overt affix.
• The noun email can function as the verb email with no visible morphological addition.
• Conversion is also called zero derivation in many descriptions.
• It differs from clipping, blending and back formation because no material is shortened or removed.
• The noun email can function as the verb email with no visible morphological addition.
• Conversion is also called zero derivation in many descriptions.
• It differs from clipping, blending and back formation because no material is shortened or removed.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
Which word is formed through clipping?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Lab is a shortened form of laboratory and is produced by clipping.
• Clipping reduces a longer word without normally changing its meaning or word class.
• Brunch is a blend, edit is a back formation and UNESCO is an acronym.
• Other common clippings include ad from advertisement and exam from examination.
• Clipping reduces a longer word without normally changing its meaning or word class.
• Brunch is a blend, edit is a back formation and UNESCO is an acronym.
• Other common clippings include ad from advertisement and exam from examination.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
Which word is a blend?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Smog combines parts of smoke and fog and is therefore a blend.
• Blending fuses portions of two or more source words into one new form.
• Notebook is a compound, flu is a clipping of influenza and NATO is an acronym.
• A blend differs from a compound because the source forms are usually shortened.
• Blending fuses portions of two or more source words into one new form.
• Notebook is a compound, flu is a clipping of influenza and NATO is an acronym.
• A blend differs from a compound because the source forms are usually shortened.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
Which item is an acronym pronounced as a word rather than as a sequence of letter names?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• NATO is formed from the initial letters of North Atlantic Treaty Organization and is pronounced as a word.
• BBC, USA and PhD are normally pronounced as sequences of letter names and are initialisms.
• Acronyms and initialisms are both formed from initial components of longer expressions.
• Pronunciation as a word is the key distinction used here.
• BBC, USA and PhD are normally pronounced as sequences of letter names and are initialisms.
• Acronyms and initialisms are both formed from initial components of longer expressions.
• Pronunciation as a word is the key distinction used here.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
Which word is commonly cited as a back formation?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Edit was historically formed by removing the apparent suffix -or from editor.
• Back formation creates a new word by subtracting a real or supposed affix from an existing word.
• Unkind involves prefixation, books involves inflection and motel is a blend.
• Other familiar examples include burgle from burglar and televise from television.
• Back formation creates a new word by subtracting a real or supposed affix from an existing word.
• Unkind involves prefixation, books involves inflection and motel is a blend.
• Other familiar examples include burgle from burglar and televise from television.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
Which example best illustrates reduplication?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Bye-bye repeats the same base and is an example of full reduplication.
• Reduplication forms words or expressions by repeating all or part of a linguistic form.
• Blackbird is a compound, ad is a clipping and bottle used as a verb illustrates conversion.
• English also has rhyming and ablaut patterns such as walkie-talkie and flip-flop.
• Reduplication forms words or expressions by repeating all or part of a linguistic form.
• Blackbird is a compound, ad is a clipping and bottle used as a verb illustrates conversion.
• English also has rhyming and ablaut patterns such as walkie-talkie and flip-flop.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
Consider the following statements. Statement I: Every root can function independently as a word. Statement II: Every free morpheme can occur independently as a word. Which option is correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement I is incorrect because some roots are bound and cannot occur independently, as in certain classical roots used in English formations.
• Statement II is correct because independence is the defining property of a free morpheme.
• Root and free morpheme are therefore not synonymous categories.
• Therefore, Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct.
• Statement II is correct because independence is the defining property of a free morpheme.
• Root and free morpheme are therefore not synonymous categories.
• Therefore, Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
Which of the following statements are correct? 1. Inflection normally preserves the word class of a base. 2. Derivation may change the word class of a base. 3. Compounding combines two or more bases. 4. Conversion always requires an overt suffix.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct because inflection generally adds grammatical information without changing word class.
• Statement 2 is correct because derivation may form a noun from an adjective or another new category.
• Statement 3 is correct because compounding combines bases into a new lexical unit.
• Statement 4 is incorrect because conversion involves a category change without an overt affix.
• Therefore, statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct.
• Statement 2 is correct because derivation may form a noun from an adjective or another new category.
• Statement 3 is correct because compounding combines bases into a new lexical unit.
• Statement 4 is incorrect because conversion involves a category change without an overt affix.
• Therefore, statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
Assertion: The plural endings in cats, dogs and buses are allomorphs of one morpheme. Reason: They express the same grammatical meaning but have phonologically different realizations.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The Assertion is correct because the plural suffix has different regular pronunciations in cats, dogs and buses.
• The Reason is correct because these variants express the same plural meaning despite their phonological differences.
• Sharing one grammatical function while differing in form is characteristic of allomorphy.
• Therefore, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
• The Reason is correct because these variants express the same plural meaning despite their phonological differences.
• Sharing one grammatical function while differing in form is characteristic of allomorphy.
• Therefore, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
Match List I with List II. List I: 1. Clipping 2. Blending 3. Conversion 4. Back formation. List II: a. Brunch from breakfast and lunch b. Edit from editor c. Exam from examination d. To bottle from the noun bottle.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Clipping matches c because exam is a shortened form of examination.
• Blending matches a because brunch combines parts of breakfast and lunch.
• Conversion matches d because the noun bottle becomes a verb without an overt affix.
• Back formation matches b because edit was formed historically from editor.
• Therefore, the correct code is 1-c, 2-a, 3-d, 4-b.
• Blending matches a because brunch combines parts of breakfast and lunch.
• Conversion matches d because the noun bottle becomes a verb without an overt affix.
• Back formation matches b because edit was formed historically from editor.
• Therefore, the correct code is 1-c, 2-a, 3-d, 4-b.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
A speaker creates the verb to chair from the noun chair. Which analysis is most accurate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The form chair changes from noun to verb without any overt affix.
• This process is conversion or zero derivation.
• The new verb is a distinct lexeme related to the noun.
• No shortening, compounding or inflectional suffix is involved.
• This process is conversion or zero derivation.
• The new verb is a distinct lexeme related to the noun.
• No shortening, compounding or inflectional suffix is involved.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
Which item is the odd one out according to its word-formation process?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Smog, motel and brunch are blends formed by merging portions of two source words.
• Blackboard is a compound formed from the complete bases black and board.
• The distinction depends on whether the source words are truncated during combination.
• Therefore, blackboard is the odd one out.
• Blackboard is a compound formed from the complete bases black and board.
• The distinction depends on whether the source words are truncated during combination.
• Therefore, blackboard is the odd one out.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
Which analysis of the word unhappiness is most accurate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Unhappiness consists of the free root happy and the bound derivational affixes un- and -ness.
• The prefix un- modifies the meaning, while -ness changes the adjective into a noun.
• No inflectional affix or compounding process is involved.
• The spelling change from happy to happi- before -ness does not alter the basic morphological analysis.
• The prefix un- modifies the meaning, while -ness changes the adjective into a noun.
• No inflectional affix or compounding process is involved.
• The spelling change from happy to happi- before -ness does not alter the basic morphological analysis.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
Which option gives the most accurate integrated distinction among root, stem and base?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A root is the irreducible core that contributes the central lexical meaning.
• A stem is the form to which an inflectional affix is attached and may itself contain derivational material.
• A base is the broadest term because it can denote any form to which an affix or morphological process applies.
• The three terms overlap in some words but are not universally interchangeable.
• A stem is the form to which an inflectional affix is attached and may itself contain derivational material.
• A base is the broadest term because it can denote any form to which an affix or morphological process applies.
• The three terms overlap in some words but are not universally interchangeable.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: A. The smallest unit of language that carries meaning or grammatical function సమాధానం: A.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: B. Morph సమాధానం: B.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: C. Alternative realizations of the same morpheme సమాధానం: C.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: D. Book సమాధానం: D.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: A. un-, -ness and -ed సమాధానం: A.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: B. agree సమాధానం: B.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: C. Any form to which an affix or morphological operation may be applied సమాధానం: C.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: D. A bound morpheme attached to a base సమాధానం: D.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: A. Walked సమాధానం: A.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: B. Derivation commonly creates a new lexeme and may change word class సమాధానం: B.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: C. Blackboard సమాధానం: C.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: D. Conversion సమాధానం: D.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: A. Lab from laboratory సమాధానం: A.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: B. Smog సమాధానం: B.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: C. NATO సమాధానం: C.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: D. Edit from editor సమాధానం: D.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: A. Bye-bye సమాధానం: A.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: D. Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct సమాధానం: D.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: C. 1, 2 and 3 only సమాధానం: C.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: A. Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion సమాధానం: A.
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Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: B. 1-c, 2-a, 3-d, 4-b సమాధానం: B.
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Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: D. The noun has undergone conversion into a verb సమాధానం: D.
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Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: C. Blackboard సమాధానం: C.
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Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: A. It contains one free morpheme and two derivational affixes సమాధానం: A.
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Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: B. A root carries the central lexical meaning, a stem is the form to which inflection attaches, and a base is any form that receives a morphological operation సమాధానం: B.