Please keep at least one language enabled. || కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
Which statement best defines research design?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Research design is the overall plan or blueprint of a study.
• It connects the research problem and questions with data sources, methods and analytical procedures.
• A strong design helps ensure that the evidence collected can answer the research questions.
• A bibliography, summary or predetermined finding is not a research design.
• It connects the research problem and questions with data sources, methods and analytical procedures.
• A strong design helps ensure that the evidence collected can answer the research questions.
• A bibliography, summary or predetermined finding is not a research design.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
Which research design is most suitable when little is known about a topic and the researcher seeks initial insights?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Exploratory design is used when a topic is insufficiently understood or clearly defined.
• It helps generate ideas, identify variables and refine later research questions.
• Interviews, preliminary textual surveys and small-scale observations may support exploratory work.
• It usually does not aim to provide final causal conclusions.
• It helps generate ideas, identify variables and refine later research questions.
• Interviews, preliminary textual surveys and small-scale observations may support exploratory work.
• It usually does not aim to provide final causal conclusions.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
A study that records the frequency and types of code-switching used by students is primarily:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Descriptive research identifies and presents the characteristics, frequency or distribution of a phenomenon.
• Recording types and frequency of code-switching describes what occurs in the selected setting.
• The study does not necessarily manipulate variables or explain causes.
• Descriptive design may use surveys, observations, corpora or document analysis.
• Recording types and frequency of code-switching describes what occurs in the selected setting.
• The study does not necessarily manipulate variables or explain causes.
• Descriptive design may use surveys, observations, corpora or document analysis.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
Which design is mainly concerned with explaining why or how a phenomenon occurs?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Explanatory design investigates causal, functional or interpretive relationships.
• It asks why or how a phenomenon occurs rather than merely describing it.
• It may test hypotheses or compare competing explanations.
• Descriptive design focuses mainly on characteristics and patterns.
• It asks why or how a phenomenon occurs rather than merely describing it.
• It may test hypotheses or compare competing explanations.
• Descriptive design focuses mainly on characteristics and patterns.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
An analytical research design primarily involves:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Analytical research goes beyond description by examining relationships, structures, causes or meanings.
• In English studies, it may involve close reading, discourse analysis, comparison or interpretation of existing data.
• Evidence must be organised and critically evaluated.
• Personal impressions without a method do not constitute analytical research.
• In English studies, it may involve close reading, discourse analysis, comparison or interpretation of existing data.
• Evidence must be organised and critically evaluated.
• Personal impressions without a method do not constitute analytical research.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
Which feature most clearly distinguishes an experimental design?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Experimental design involves deliberate manipulation of an independent variable.
• Its effect on a dependent variable is observed, often with control or comparison groups.
• Control helps reduce the influence of extraneous variables.
• Experimental designs are common in language teaching, psycholinguistics and language testing.
• Its effect on a dependent variable is observed, often with control or comparison groups.
• Control helps reduce the influence of extraneous variables.
• Experimental designs are common in language teaching, psycholinguistics and language testing.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
Which of the following is the most logical first stage of a research project?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A research project begins by identifying and defining a meaningful research problem.
• The problem guides the formulation of questions, objectives and methods.
• Statistical tests and bibliographic organisation come later when relevant.
• Conclusions must follow evidence collection and analysis.
• The problem guides the formulation of questions, objectives and methods.
• Statistical tests and bibliographic organisation come later when relevant.
• Conclusions must follow evidence collection and analysis.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
Which sequence best represents the major stages of research?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Research normally begins with problem definition and a review of relevant scholarship.
• The researcher then develops a suitable design and gathers evidence.
• Analysis follows evidence collection, and conclusions emerge from the analysis.
• Although research may involve revision, option D gives the most coherent sequence.
• The researcher then develops a suitable design and gathers evidence.
• Analysis follows evidence collection, and conclusions emerge from the analysis.
• Although research may involve revision, option D gives the most coherent sequence.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
In research planning, feasibility refers to:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Feasibility concerns whether the project can realistically be completed.
• It includes time, finance, access to texts or participants, technical skills and ethical requirements.
• A significant research question may still be impractical if essential evidence is inaccessible.
• Feasibility does not guarantee confirmation of a hypothesis.
• It includes time, finance, access to texts or participants, technical skills and ethical requirements.
• A significant research question may still be impractical if essential evidence is inaccessible.
• Feasibility does not guarantee confirmation of a hypothesis.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
The main purpose of a pilot study is to:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A pilot study is a small preliminary trial conducted before the main investigation.
• It helps identify ambiguous questions, impractical procedures and problems with data collection.
• The findings may lead to revisions in instruments, sampling or timing.
• A pilot does not replace the main study or eliminate ethical obligations.
• It helps identify ambiguous questions, impractical procedures and problems with data collection.
• The findings may lead to revisions in instruments, sampling or timing.
• A pilot does not replace the main study or eliminate ethical obligations.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
Validity in research primarily concerns:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Validity concerns the accuracy and appropriateness of measurement, interpretation or inference.
• A valid instrument measures the intended construct rather than an unrelated feature.
• Different forms include content, construct, criterion and internal validity.
• Repetition or consistency alone relates more directly to reliability.
• A valid instrument measures the intended construct rather than an unrelated feature.
• Different forms include content, construct, criterion and internal validity.
• Repetition or consistency alone relates more directly to reliability.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
Reliability is best defined as:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Reliability refers to the consistency and stability of measurements or procedures.
• A reliable instrument tends to produce comparable results under similar conditions.
• Reliability does not by itself establish validity.
• A measure can be consistent yet fail to measure the intended construct accurately.
• A reliable instrument tends to produce comparable results under similar conditions.
• Reliability does not by itself establish validity.
• A measure can be consistent yet fail to measure the intended construct accurately.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
Triangulation in research refers to:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Triangulation examines a phenomenon through more than one perspective or source of evidence.
• It may involve method, data-source, investigator or theoretical triangulation.
• Converging evidence can strengthen confidence in an interpretation.
• Divergent findings can also reveal complexity rather than automatically invalidating the study.
• It may involve method, data-source, investigator or theoretical triangulation.
• Converging evidence can strengthen confidence in an interpretation.
• Divergent findings can also reveal complexity rather than automatically invalidating the study.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
Statement I: A pilot study can reveal weaknesses in a questionnaire.
Statement II: A pilot study guarantees that the final study will have no limitations.
Statement II: A pilot study guarantees that the final study will have no limitations.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement I is correct because a pilot can expose unclear wording, missing response options or impractical administration.
• Statement II is incorrect because no pilot can eliminate every limitation or unexpected difficulty.
• Pilot testing reduces avoidable problems but does not guarantee a perfect study.
• Therefore, Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect.
• Statement II is incorrect because no pilot can eliminate every limitation or unexpected difficulty.
• Pilot testing reduces avoidable problems but does not guarantee a perfect study.
• Therefore, Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
Assertion: Methodological justification is necessary in a research report.
Reason: Readers must understand why the selected methods are appropriate for answering the research questions.
Reason: Readers must understand why the selected methods are appropriate for answering the research questions.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The Assertion is correct because research methods should not be selected without explanation.
• The Reason is correct because readers need to assess the fit between questions, evidence and procedures.
• Methodological justification demonstrates that the design is purposeful and academically defensible.
• The Reason directly explains the Assertion.
• The Reason is correct because readers need to assess the fit between questions, evidence and procedures.
• Methodological justification demonstrates that the design is purposeful and academically defensible.
• The Reason directly explains the Assertion.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
Match List I with List II.
List I
1. Exploratory design
2. Descriptive design
3. Explanatory design
4. Experimental design
List II
A. Tests the effect of a manipulated variable
B. Provides an initial understanding of an underexplored issue
C. Accounts for why or how a phenomenon occurs
D. Presents characteristics or frequencies of a phenomenon
List I
1. Exploratory design
2. Descriptive design
3. Explanatory design
4. Experimental design
List II
A. Tests the effect of a manipulated variable
B. Provides an initial understanding of an underexplored issue
C. Accounts for why or how a phenomenon occurs
D. Presents characteristics or frequencies of a phenomenon
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Exploratory design matches B because it develops initial understanding of an underexplored issue.
• Descriptive design matches D because it records characteristics, distributions or frequencies.
• Explanatory design matches C because it investigates why or how something occurs.
• Experimental design matches A because it tests the effect of manipulating an independent variable.
• Descriptive design matches D because it records characteristics, distributions or frequencies.
• Explanatory design matches C because it investigates why or how something occurs.
• Experimental design matches A because it tests the effect of manipulating an independent variable.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
Consider the following statements about research design:
1. It should be aligned with the research questions.
2. It should identify relevant evidence and procedures.
3. It should remain unchanged even when a pilot reveals serious problems.
4. It should include a justification of methodological choices.
Which statements are correct?
1. It should be aligned with the research questions.
2. It should identify relevant evidence and procedures.
3. It should remain unchanged even when a pilot reveals serious problems.
4. It should include a justification of methodological choices.
Which statements are correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct because the design must enable the research questions to be answered.
• Statement 2 is correct because a design specifies evidence, methods and analytical procedures.
• Statement 3 is incorrect because serious pilot findings should lead to revision.
• Statement 4 is correct; therefore, the correct combination is 1, 2 and 4 only.
• Statement 2 is correct because a design specifies evidence, methods and analytical procedures.
• Statement 3 is incorrect because serious pilot findings should lead to revision.
• Statement 4 is correct; therefore, the correct combination is 1, 2 and 4 only.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
Which is the best example of methodological triangulation?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Methodological triangulation uses different methods to examine the same phenomenon.
• Observation, interviews and questionnaires generate complementary forms of evidence.
• The researcher can compare what participants do, report and select in structured responses.
• Mere repetition or numerical division does not constitute triangulation.
• Observation, interviews and questionnaires generate complementary forms of evidence.
• The researcher can compare what participants do, report and select in structured responses.
• Mere repetition or numerical division does not constitute triangulation.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
Which limitation most directly threatens the generalisability of a language-learning experiment?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A very small and narrowly selected sample may not represent the wider population.
• This restricts the extent to which findings can be generalised beyond the participating institution.
• Clear hypotheses and operational definitions strengthen rather than weaken the design.
• The limitation should be acknowledged when interpreting the results.
• This restricts the extent to which findings can be generalised beyond the participating institution.
• Clear hypotheses and operational definitions strengthen rather than weaken the design.
• The limitation should be acknowledged when interpreting the results.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
A researcher wants to determine whether a new vocabulary application causes higher test scores than conventional instruction. Which design is most appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The question seeks to test whether one instructional condition causes a difference in outcomes.
• An experimental or quasi-experimental design permits comparison between treatment and control conditions.
• Vocabulary scores function as the dependent variable.
• A purely descriptive design cannot establish the same degree of causal inference.
• An experimental or quasi-experimental design permits comparison between treatment and control conditions.
• Vocabulary scores function as the dependent variable.
• A purely descriptive design cannot establish the same degree of causal inference.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
A literary scholar closely compares narrative structure in four novels and interprets recurring patterns through narratology. This is primarily an example of:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The scholar systematically compares and interprets textual structures.
• This goes beyond description and therefore exemplifies analytical research.
• Narratology provides the conceptual and methodological basis for interpretation.
• No variable is experimentally manipulated, and no survey is required.
• This goes beyond description and therefore exemplifies analytical research.
• Narratology provides the conceptual and methodological basis for interpretation.
• No variable is experimentally manipulated, and no survey is required.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
Which of the following is an incorrect claim about research limitations?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The claim that every limitation makes a study worthless is incorrect.
• All research operates within practical and conceptual constraints.
• Transparent acknowledgement allows readers to assess the appropriate reach of the findings.
• A well-designed study can remain valuable despite clearly stated limitations.
• All research operates within practical and conceptual constraints.
• Transparent acknowledgement allows readers to assess the appropriate reach of the findings.
• A well-designed study can remain valuable despite clearly stated limitations.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
Assertion: A highly reliable language test is necessarily valid for every purpose.
Reason: Reliability concerns consistency, whereas validity concerns whether the intended construct is accurately measured.
Reason: Reliability concerns consistency, whereas validity concerns whether the intended construct is accurately measured.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The Assertion is incorrect because a consistent test may still measure an unintended skill.
• The Reason is correct because reliability concerns consistency and validity concerns accuracy of interpretation or measurement.
• Validity is purpose-specific and cannot be assumed for every use.
• Therefore, the Assertion is incorrect, but the Reason is correct.
• The Reason is correct because reliability concerns consistency and validity concerns accuracy of interpretation or measurement.
• Validity is purpose-specific and cannot be assumed for every use.
• Therefore, the Assertion is incorrect, but the Reason is correct.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
A researcher conducts interviews, analyses institutional documents and observes classes, but the three sources produce conflicting findings. What is the best response?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Triangulation does not require all sources to produce identical findings.
• Divergence may reveal differences between reported beliefs, formal policies and actual practices.
• The researcher should analyse the reasons for inconsistency and report them transparently.
• Selective suppression of inconvenient evidence would weaken validity and scholarly integrity.
• Divergence may reveal differences between reported beliefs, formal policies and actual practices.
• The researcher should analyse the reasons for inconsistency and report them transparently.
• Selective suppression of inconvenient evidence would weaken validity and scholarly integrity.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
Which combination demonstrates the strongest research design?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A strong design aligns clear research questions with relevant evidence and appropriate methods.
• Pilot testing can improve procedures, while methodological justification makes choices defensible.
• Acknowledging limitations prevents exaggerated claims.
• Originality alone cannot compensate for unclear questions, inaccessible evidence or an infeasible method.
• Pilot testing can improve procedures, while methodological justification makes choices defensible.
• Acknowledging limitations prevents exaggerated claims.
• Originality alone cannot compensate for unclear questions, inaccessible evidence or an infeasible method.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: A. The overall plan that connects research questions, evidence, methods and analysis సమాధానం: A.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: B. Exploratory design సమాధానం: B.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: C. descriptive సమాధానం: C.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: D. Explanatory design సమాధానం: D.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: A. examining and interpreting existing evidence to identify patterns, relationships or meanings సమాధానం: A.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: B. Manipulation of an independent variable under controlled conditions సమాధానం: B.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: C. Identifying and defining the research problem సమాధానం: C.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: D. Problem definition, literature review, design, evidence collection, analysis, conclusion సమాధానం: D.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: A. the practical possibility of completing the study with available time, access, skills and resources సమాధానం: A.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: B. test and refine instruments, procedures and practical arrangements before the main study సమాధానం: B.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: C. whether an instrument or procedure measures what it claims to measure సమాధానం: C.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: D. the consistency or stability of a measurement or research procedure సమాధానం: D.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: B. using multiple methods, sources, investigators or theories to examine a phenomenon సమాధానం: B.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: C. Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect సమాధానం: C.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: A. Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion సమాధానం: A.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: B. 1-B, 2-D, 3-C, 4-A సమాధానం: B.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: C. 1, 2 and 4 only సమాధానం: C.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: A. Studying classroom interaction through observation, interviews and questionnaire data సమాధానం: A.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: B. The sample consists of ten volunteers from a single institution. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: C. Experimental or quasi-experimental design సమాధానం: C.
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Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: D. analytical research సమాధానం: D.
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Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: C. Every limitation automatically makes a study worthless. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: D. Assertion is incorrect, but Reason is correct సమాధానం: D.
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Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: B. Analyse the divergence and consider whether it reveals different dimensions of the phenomenon. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: A. Clear questions, suitable evidence, justified methods, pilot testing and acknowledged limitations సమాధానం: A.