Please keep at least one language enabled. || కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
Which comparison between rasa and catharsis is most accurate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Rasa theory explains the aesthetic relish of emotional states such as love, sorrow, heroism and wonder.
• Aristotle connects catharsis specifically with tragedy operating through pity and fear.
• Both theories examine transformed emotion in art, but their concepts, categories and philosophical backgrounds are different.
• Aristotle connects catharsis specifically with tragedy operating through pity and fear.
• Both theories examine transformed emotion in art, but their concepts, categories and philosophical backgrounds are different.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
Which Indian critical concept is most appropriately compared with the Western idea of suggestion or implication?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Dhvani refers to suggested meaning that exceeds the directly denoted or indicated sense.
• It may suggest an idea, a figure of speech or an aesthetic mood.
• Western discussions of implication and semantic resonance offer useful comparisons, though they are not exact equivalents.
• It may suggest an idea, a figure of speech or an aesthetic mood.
• Western discussions of implication and semantic resonance offer useful comparisons, though they are not exact equivalents.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
Vakrokti and defamiliarization are comparable because both emphasize:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Kuntaka's vakrokti identifies poetic beauty with oblique or distinctive expression.
• Shklovsky's defamiliarization makes familiar objects or experiences appear strange and newly perceptible.
• Both concepts emphasize artistic deviation from habitual expression, though they arise from different theoretical traditions.
• Shklovsky's defamiliarization makes familiar objects or experiences appear strange and newly perceptible.
• Both concepts emphasize artistic deviation from habitual expression, though they arise from different theoretical traditions.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
Which Western critical principle most closely corresponds to aucitya?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Aucitya means propriety, fitness or contextual appropriateness in Sanskrit poetics.
• Decorum similarly requires style, action and language to suit character, subject, genre and situation.
• The concepts are comparable because both regulate the harmonious relation among a work's elements.
• Decorum similarly requires style, action and language to suit character, subject, genre and situation.
• The concepts are comparable because both regulate the harmonious relation among a work's elements.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
The theory of riti is most directly comparable with Western discussions of:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Riti refers to a distinctive arrangement of words and poetic qualities.
• It is commonly translated as style or manner of expression.
• Western stylistics similarly studies characteristic choices in diction, syntax and verbal organization.
• It is commonly translated as style or manner of expression.
• Western stylistics similarly studies characteristic choices in diction, syntax and verbal organization.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
Alankara theory is most directly concerned with:
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Alankara means ornament and refers to figures that intensify the beauty or force of language.
• It includes sound-based and meaning-based devices such as alliteration, simile and metaphor.
• Western rhetoric and poetics likewise classify and analyse figures of speech.
• It includes sound-based and meaning-based devices such as alliteration, simile and metaphor.
• Western rhetoric and poetics likewise classify and analyse figures of speech.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
Which statement best distinguishes rasa from the ordinary private emotion of a character?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Rasa is not merely the private emotion experienced by a fictional character or actor.
• Through aesthetic representation and universalization, the emotion becomes available for contemplative relish.
• The responsive spectator experiences an aestheticized emotional state rather than an immediate practical emotion.
• Through aesthetic representation and universalization, the emotion becomes available for contemplative relish.
• The responsive spectator experiences an aestheticized emotional state rather than an immediate practical emotion.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
Which statement best describes the relation between dhvani and literal meaning?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• In dhvani poetry, the literal meaning often remains valid but becomes secondary in aesthetic importance.
• It provides the verbal and contextual basis through which suggestion emerges.
• Suggested meaning enriches the text rather than necessarily cancelling its direct sense.
• It provides the verbal and contextual basis through which suggestion emerges.
• Suggested meaning enriches the text rather than necessarily cancelling its direct sense.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
Statement I: Rasa and catharsis both concern audience response to represented emotion.
Statement II: Rasa and catharsis employ exactly the same emotional categories and psychological explanation.
Statement II: Rasa and catharsis employ exactly the same emotional categories and psychological explanation.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement I is correct because both concepts examine how artistic representation transforms emotional experience for an audience.
• Statement II is incorrect because rasa theory employs bhava, aesthetic relish and universalization, while Aristotle's account emphasizes pity, fear and catharsis.
• The comparison is illuminating, but the theories should not be treated as identical.
• Statement II is incorrect because rasa theory employs bhava, aesthetic relish and universalization, while Aristotle's account emphasizes pity, fear and catharsis.
• The comparison is illuminating, but the theories should not be treated as identical.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
Assertion: Vakrokti cannot be reduced to a single local figure of speech.
Reason: Kuntaka locates oblique expression at phonetic, lexical, syntactic, episodic and compositional levels.
Reason: Kuntaka locates oblique expression at phonetic, lexical, syntactic, episodic and compositional levels.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The Assertion is correct because Kuntaka treats vakrokti as a pervasive principle of poetic expression.
• The Reason is correct because obliqueness may operate from sound arrangement to the organization of the entire work.
• The Reason directly explains why vakrokti is broader than one isolated ornament.
• The Reason is correct because obliqueness may operate from sound arrangement to the organization of the entire work.
• The Reason directly explains why vakrokti is broader than one isolated ornament.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
Match List I with List II.
List I:
1. Rasa
2. Dhvani
3. Vakrokti
4. Aucitya
List II:
a. Suggested meaning
b. Aesthetic relish
c. Contextual propriety
d. Oblique expression
List I:
1. Rasa
2. Dhvani
3. Vakrokti
4. Aucitya
List II:
a. Suggested meaning
b. Aesthetic relish
c. Contextual propriety
d. Oblique expression
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Rasa is aesthetic relish experienced by a responsive audience.
• Dhvani is suggested meaning that exceeds direct expression.
• Vakrokti is oblique or distinctive poetic expression.
• Aucitya is contextual propriety, so the correct code is 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c.
• Dhvani is suggested meaning that exceeds direct expression.
• Vakrokti is oblique or distinctive poetic expression.
• Aucitya is contextual propriety, so the correct code is 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
Match List I with List II.
List I:
1. Riti
2. Alankara
3. Catharsis
4. Defamiliarization
List II:
a. Figures of speech
b. Style or mode of verbal arrangement
c. Renewal of perception
d. Tragic effect associated with pity and fear
List I:
1. Riti
2. Alankara
3. Catharsis
4. Defamiliarization
List II:
a. Figures of speech
b. Style or mode of verbal arrangement
c. Renewal of perception
d. Tragic effect associated with pity and fear
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Riti concerns style or the characteristic arrangement of words and poetic qualities.
• Alankara concerns poetic ornaments and figures of speech.
• Catharsis is associated with tragedy's operation through pity and fear.
• Defamiliarization renews perception by making familiar things strange, so the correct code is 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c.
• Alankara concerns poetic ornaments and figures of speech.
• Catharsis is associated with tragedy's operation through pity and fear.
• Defamiliarization renews perception by making familiar things strange, so the correct code is 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Riti refers to style or a distinctive mode of verbal arrangement.
• Purification or related transformation of pity and fear belongs to discussions of Aristotelian catharsis.
• Rasa, dhvani and aucitya are correctly matched with aesthetic relish, suggestion and propriety.
• Purification or related transformation of pity and fear belongs to discussions of Aristotelian catharsis.
• Rasa, dhvani and aucitya are correctly matched with aesthetic relish, suggestion and propriety.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
A poem suggests loneliness through an empty room, fading footsteps and an untouched meal without directly naming the emotion. Which concept best explains its dominant effect?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The poem's concrete details suggest an aesthetic mood of loneliness without direct statement.
• Because the suggested emotional experience becomes dominant, the passage illustrates rasa dhvani.
• The effect depends on suggestion rather than explicit naming of the emotion.
• Because the suggested emotional experience becomes dominant, the passage illustrates rasa dhvani.
• The effect depends on suggestion rather than explicit naming of the emotion.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
A familiar city street is described through unexpected imagery that makes ordinary objects appear strange and newly visible. Which comparative pair best explains this technique?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Vakrokti explains poetic distinctiveness through oblique and unexpected expression.
• Defamiliarization disrupts habitual perception and makes the familiar newly perceptible.
• Both concepts illuminate how artistic language transforms ordinary experience.
• Defamiliarization disrupts habitual perception and makes the familiar newly perceptible.
• Both concepts illuminate how artistic language transforms ordinary experience.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
A heroic character speaks in childish language during a solemn battle scene without any artistic justification. Which comparative principles are most clearly violated?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The language is unsuitable to the character, situation and emotional tone.
• Aucitya requires contextual propriety, while decorum requires fitness among style, character and genre.
• The failure is one of appropriateness rather than suggestion or perceptual estrangement.
• Aucitya requires contextual propriety, while decorum requires fitness among style, character and genre.
• The failure is one of appropriateness rather than suggestion or perceptual estrangement.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
Consider the following statements about comparative poetics:
1. Comparison can reveal functional similarities among concepts.
2. Similar concepts from different traditions must always be treated as exact equivalents.
3. Historical and philosophical differences should be preserved.
4. Comparative study can clarify both shared concerns and distinctive assumptions.
Which statements are correct?
1. Comparison can reveal functional similarities among concepts.
2. Similar concepts from different traditions must always be treated as exact equivalents.
3. Historical and philosophical differences should be preserved.
4. Comparative study can clarify both shared concerns and distinctive assumptions.
Which statements are correct?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct because comparison can identify similar aesthetic functions.
• Statement 2 is incorrect because resemblance does not erase historical and conceptual differences.
• Statement 3 is correct because each theory belongs to a particular intellectual tradition.
• Statement 4 is correct because comparison reveals both convergence and difference, so 1, 3 and 4 only are correct.
• Statement 2 is incorrect because resemblance does not erase historical and conceptual differences.
• Statement 3 is correct because each theory belongs to a particular intellectual tradition.
• Statement 4 is correct because comparison reveals both convergence and difference, so 1, 3 and 4 only are correct.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
Which statement most accurately compares dhvani theory with reader-oriented criticism?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Dhvani requires a sensitive reader capable of realizing meanings not directly stated.
• This creates a useful point of comparison with reader-oriented criticism.
• Dhvani nevertheless belongs to a distinct Sanskrit theoretical system and does not equate interpretation with unrestricted personal reaction.
• This creates a useful point of comparison with reader-oriented criticism.
• Dhvani nevertheless belongs to a distinct Sanskrit theoretical system and does not equate interpretation with unrestricted personal reaction.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
Which statement best explains the common concern of rasa theory and reader-response criticism?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Rasa is realized in the aesthetic experience of the responsive spectator or reader.
• Reader-response approaches likewise emphasize the reader's role in producing or completing literary meaning.
• Their methods differ, but both reject a model in which literary effect exists independently of reception.
• Reader-response approaches likewise emphasize the reader's role in producing or completing literary meaning.
• Their methods differ, but both reject a model in which literary effect exists independently of reception.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
Which contrast most accurately distinguishes alankara from vakrokti?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Alankara theory classifies and evaluates particular figures of speech.
• Vakrokti is broader because it identifies artistic obliqueness at several linguistic and structural levels.
• A figure may be one form of oblique expression, but vakrokti cannot be reduced to a catalogue of ornaments.
• Vakrokti is broader because it identifies artistic obliqueness at several linguistic and structural levels.
• A figure may be one form of oblique expression, but vakrokti cannot be reduced to a catalogue of ornaments.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
Statement I: Riti and Western stylistics both study characteristic verbal organization.
Statement II: Both traditions define style solely as the personality of the author.
Statement II: Both traditions define style solely as the personality of the author.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement I is correct because riti and stylistics both examine distinctive patterns of verbal arrangement.
• Statement II is incorrect because style may be analysed through textual features rather than reduced solely to authorial personality.
• The comparison is based on formal organization, diction, syntax and poetic qualities.
• Statement II is incorrect because style may be analysed through textual features rather than reduced solely to authorial personality.
• The comparison is based on formal organization, diction, syntax and poetic qualities.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
Assertion: Aucitya can coordinate other poetic features such as rasa, alankara and riti.
Reason: A figure, style or emotion becomes aesthetically successful only when it suits the character, context and total design.
Reason: A figure, style or emotion becomes aesthetically successful only when it suits the character, context and total design.
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The Assertion is correct because aucitya functions as a principle of harmony and fitness.
• The Reason is correct because poetic elements must be appropriate to their dramatic, emotional and stylistic context.
• The Reason directly explains how aucitya can regulate and coordinate other features.
• The Reason is correct because poetic elements must be appropriate to their dramatic, emotional and stylistic context.
• The Reason directly explains how aucitya can regulate and coordinate other features.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
Which sequence moves from textual ornament to style, oblique expression and contextual propriety?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Alankara concerns ornaments and figures of speech.
• Riti concerns characteristic style and verbal arrangement.
• Vakrokti concerns oblique and artistically distinctive expression.
• Aucitya concerns contextual propriety and the fitness of all poetic elements.
• Riti concerns characteristic style and verbal arrangement.
• Vakrokti concerns oblique and artistically distinctive expression.
• Aucitya concerns contextual propriety and the fitness of all poetic elements.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
Which comparison is least appropriate?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Dhvani concerns suggested meaning rather than the reconstruction of an author's life.
• Aucitya and decorum both address propriety.
• Riti and style both concern verbal arrangement, while vakrokti and defamiliarization both explain deviation from ordinary perception or expression.
• Aucitya and decorum both address propriety.
• Riti and style both concern verbal arrangement, while vakrokti and defamiliarization both explain deviation from ordinary perception or expression.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
Which statement best compares the aesthetic experiences described by rasa and catharsis?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Both theories address the audience's transformed experience of represented emotion.
• Rasa emphasizes aesthetic relish and the generalization of emotional states.
• Catharsis is classically associated with the effect of pity and fear in tragedy.
• Comparison should preserve these differences rather than collapse the theories into one concept.
• Rasa emphasizes aesthetic relish and the generalization of emotional states.
• Catharsis is classically associated with the effect of pity and fear in tragedy.
• Comparison should preserve these differences rather than collapse the theories into one concept.
వివరణ:
Question 26
ప్రశ్న 26
Which integrated statement best represents comparative Indian and Western poetics?
Select an option first. || ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Comparative poetics identifies functional similarities among concepts from different traditions.
• It also preserves differences in terminology, historical development and philosophical background.
• Rasa and catharsis, dhvani and suggestion, vakrokti and defamiliarization, riti and style, alankara and figures, and aucitya and decorum provide productive but non-identical comparisons.
• It also preserves differences in terminology, historical development and philosophical background.
• Rasa and catharsis, dhvani and suggestion, vakrokti and defamiliarization, riti and style, alankara and figures, and aucitya and decorum provide productive but non-identical comparisons.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: A. Rasa concerns aesthetic relish across several emotional modes, while catharsis is associated especially with pity and fear in tragedy. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: B. Dhvani సమాధానం: B.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: C. A distinctive mode of expression that renews perception సమాధానం: C.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: D. Decorum సమాధానం: D.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: A. Style సమాధానం: A.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: B. Figures and ornaments of poetic expression సమాధానం: B.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: C. Rasa is a generalized and aesthetically relished emotional experience. సమాధానం: C.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: D. Literal meaning may serve as the vehicle for a more significant suggested meaning. సమాధానం: D.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: A. Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect సమాధానం: A.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: A. Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion సమాధానం: A.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: B. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c సమాధానం: B.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: C. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c సమాధానం: C.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: D. Riti — purification of pity and fear సమాధానం: D.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: A. Rasa dhvani సమాధానం: A.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: B. Vakrokti and defamiliarization సమాధానం: B.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: C. Aucitya and decorum సమాధానం: C.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: C. 1, 3 and 4 only సమాధానం: C.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: B. Dhvani concerns the reader's realization of suggested meaning, though it is not identical with modern reader-response theory. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: A. Both consider the recipient's experience important to literary meaning and effect. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: B. Alankara studies figures or ornaments, while vakrokti treats oblique expression as a pervasive principle of poetic creativity. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: C. Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect సమాధానం: C.
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Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: A. Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion సమాధానం: A.
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Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: B. Alankara → riti → vakrokti → aucitya సమాధానం: B.
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Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: D. Dhvani and authorial biography సమాధానం: D.
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Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: A. Both transform represented emotion for an audience, but rasa emphasizes relish and universalization, whereas catharsis is tied to the tragic emotions of pity and fear. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 26 ప్రశ్న 26Answer: C. Comparative criticism examines parallels such as rasa and catharsis, vakrokti and defamiliarization, and aucitya and decorum while preserving each tradition's distinctive assumptions. సమాధానం: C.