Please keep at least one language enabled. / కనీసం ఒక భాషను ఎంచుకోండి.
Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
Which critic is most closely associated with the concept of defamiliarization?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Viktor Shklovsky developed the concept commonly translated as defamiliarization.
• He explains it most famously in the essay Art as Technique.
• Defamiliarization renews perception by presenting familiar objects or actions in an unfamiliar manner.
• He explains it most famously in the essay Art as Technique.
• Defamiliarization renews perception by presenting familiar objects or actions in an unfamiliar manner.
వివరణ:
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
What is the principal effect of defamiliarization in Shklovsky's theory?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Defamiliarization interrupts habitual and automatic perception.
• By making the familiar strange, art lengthens the process of perception and restores vivid awareness.
• The device distinguishes artistic experience from routine recognition.
• By making the familiar strange, art lengthens the process of perception and restores vivid awareness.
• The device distinguishes artistic experience from routine recognition.
వివరణ:
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
The term literariness refers primarily to:
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Literariness refers to the qualities or devices that make a work function as literature.
• Russian Formalists sought to identify the specifically literary organization of language.
• The concept shifts attention from biography and moral judgement to the formal properties of the text.
• Russian Formalists sought to identify the specifically literary organization of language.
• The concept shifts attention from biography and moral judgement to the formal properties of the text.
వివరణ:
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
In Russian Formalist criticism, a device is best understood as:
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• A device is a formal technique used to shape literary material and produce artistic effects.
• Devices include repetition, parallelism, sound patterning, narrative delay and disrupted chronology.
• Formalist analysis investigates how such techniques generate literariness.
• Devices include repetition, parallelism, sound patterning, narrative delay and disrupted chronology.
• Formalist analysis investigates how such techniques generate literariness.
వివరణ:
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
Which pair is correctly matched?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Fabula is the underlying sequence of events reconstructed in chronological and causal order.
• Syuzhet is the artistic presentation or arrangement of those events in the text.
• The distinction helps critics separate story material from narrative construction.
• Syuzhet is the artistic presentation or arrangement of those events in the text.
• The distinction helps critics separate story material from narrative construction.
వివరణ:
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
Syuzhet refers to:
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Syuzhet is the plot as artistically organized and presented.
• It may use flashback, delay, repetition, omission and shifts of perspective.
• Its difference from fabula reveals how narrative form transforms story material.
• It may use flashback, delay, repetition, omission and shifts of perspective.
• Its difference from fabula reveals how narrative form transforms story material.
వివరణ:
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
Which essay by Shklovsky is most closely associated with defamiliarization?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Shklovsky's Art as Technique presents the classic account of defamiliarization.
• The essay argues that art renews perception by disrupting habitual ways of seeing.
• Linguistics and Poetics is associated with Roman Jakobson, while The Well Wrought Urn is by Cleanth Brooks.
• The essay argues that art renews perception by disrupting habitual ways of seeing.
• Linguistics and Poetics is associated with Roman Jakobson, while The Well Wrought Urn is by Cleanth Brooks.
వివరణ:
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
Statement I: Russian Formalism treats literary form as an active organization of material.
Statement II: It regards form as a decorative covering added after content is complete.
Statement II: It regards form as a decorative covering added after content is complete.
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement I is correct because Formalists view form as the set of devices that constructs the literary work.
• Statement II is incorrect because form is not an external ornament placed upon pre-existing content.
• For Formalists, content itself is shaped and made perceptible through formal organization.
• Statement II is incorrect because form is not an external ornament placed upon pre-existing content.
• For Formalists, content itself is shaped and made perceptible through formal organization.
వివరణ:
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
Assertion: Shklovsky values difficult or obstructed form in art.
Reason: Such form resists automatized perception and prolongs the act of seeing.
Reason: Such form resists automatized perception and prolongs the act of seeing.
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The Assertion is correct because Shklovsky praises techniques that make perception less automatic.
• The Reason is correct because difficult form slows recognition and makes the audience attend to the object anew.
• The Reason directly explains the Formalist value placed on perceptual difficulty.
• The Reason is correct because difficult form slows recognition and makes the audience attend to the object anew.
• The Reason directly explains the Formalist value placed on perceptual difficulty.
వివరణ:
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
Roman Jakobson defines the poetic function as the projection of the principle of equivalence from:
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Jakobson states that the poetic function projects equivalence from the axis of selection onto the axis of combination.
• Similarity, contrast, rhythm and parallelism therefore shape the sequence of words.
• The formulation explains why poetic language draws attention to pattern and verbal organization.
• Similarity, contrast, rhythm and parallelism therefore shape the sequence of words.
• The formulation explains why poetic language draws attention to pattern and verbal organization.
వివరణ:
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
In Jakobson's communication model, the poetic function is oriented primarily toward:
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The poetic function focuses attention on the message as a patterned verbal construction.
• It becomes dominant when the form of the message is especially foregrounded.
• This does not mean that poetry lacks reference, emotion or address, but that verbal organization becomes central.
• It becomes dominant when the form of the message is especially foregrounded.
• This does not mean that poetry lacks reference, emotion or address, but that verbal organization becomes central.
వివరణ:
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
Which statement best distinguishes poetic language from ordinary practical language in Formalist theory?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Practical language usually aims at rapid and economical communication.
• Poetic language makes sound, rhythm, syntax and figurative pattern perceptible in their own right.
• The distinction concerns the dominant function of language rather than a fixed vocabulary.
• Poetic language makes sound, rhythm, syntax and figurative pattern perceptible in their own right.
• The distinction concerns the dominant function of language rather than a fixed vocabulary.
వివరణ:
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
What does foregrounding describe in formalist and related structuralist criticism?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Foregrounding makes particular linguistic features conspicuous against an expected background.
• It may arise through deviation, repetition, parallelism or unusual patterning.
• The concept develops the Formalist interest in how literary language calls attention to its own construction.
• It may arise through deviation, repetition, parallelism or unusual patterning.
• The concept develops the Formalist interest in how literary language calls attention to its own construction.
వివరణ:
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
Match List I with List II.
List I:
1. Viktor Shklovsky
2. Roman Jakobson
3. Fabula
4. Syuzhet
List II:
a. Artistic arrangement of events
b. Defamiliarization
c. Chronological story material
d. Poetic function
List I:
1. Viktor Shklovsky
2. Roman Jakobson
3. Fabula
4. Syuzhet
List II:
a. Artistic arrangement of events
b. Defamiliarization
c. Chronological story material
d. Poetic function
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Viktor Shklovsky is associated with defamiliarization.
• Roman Jakobson formulated an influential account of the poetic function.
• Fabula is the chronological and causal story material.
• Syuzhet is the artistic arrangement of events, so the correct code is 1-b, 2-d, 3-c, 4-a.
• Roman Jakobson formulated an influential account of the poetic function.
• Fabula is the chronological and causal story material.
• Syuzhet is the artistic arrangement of events, so the correct code is 1-b, 2-d, 3-c, 4-a.
వివరణ:
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
Consider the following statements about fabula and syuzhet:
1. Fabula reconstructs events in chronological order.
2. Syuzhet refers to the order in which events are presented.
3. Flashback can create a difference between fabula and syuzhet.
4. Fabula and syuzhet are always identical in complex narratives.
Which statements are correct?
1. Fabula reconstructs events in chronological order.
2. Syuzhet refers to the order in which events are presented.
3. Flashback can create a difference between fabula and syuzhet.
4. Fabula and syuzhet are always identical in complex narratives.
Which statements are correct?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct because fabula is the reconstructed chronological story.
• Statement 2 is correct because syuzhet is the textual arrangement of events.
• Statement 3 is correct because flashback changes presentation order without changing the underlying chronology.
• Statement 4 is incorrect because complex narratives often separate fabula from syuzhet, so 1, 2 and 3 only are correct.
• Statement 2 is correct because syuzhet is the textual arrangement of events.
• Statement 3 is correct because flashback changes presentation order without changing the underlying chronology.
• Statement 4 is incorrect because complex narratives often separate fabula from syuzhet, so 1, 2 and 3 only are correct.
వివరణ:
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
A novel begins with the hero's death and later narrates the childhood events that led to it. Which Formalist distinction best explains this structure?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The fabula would place childhood before the hero's death in chronological order.
• The syuzhet presents the death first and rearranges earlier events through retrospection.
• The example therefore demonstrates the difference between story sequence and narrative presentation.
• The syuzhet presents the death first and rearranges earlier events through retrospection.
• The example therefore demonstrates the difference between story sequence and narrative presentation.
వివరణ:
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
Which statement about the Russian Formalist method is most accurate?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The Formalist method studies the functioning, interaction and development of literary devices.
• It emphasizes the text's construction rather than treating biography or politics as the sole explanation.
• Language, narrative structure, sound and technique are central objects of analysis.
• It emphasizes the text's construction rather than treating biography or politics as the sole explanation.
• Language, narrative structure, sound and technique are central objects of analysis.
వివరణ:
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Fabula is the underlying chronological and causal sequence, not the artistic rearrangement.
• The artistic arrangement is syuzhet.
• The other pairs correctly describe major Russian Formalist concepts.
• The artistic arrangement is syuzhet.
• The other pairs correctly describe major Russian Formalist concepts.
వివరణ:
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
Statement I: Jakobson claims that the poetic function appears only in poems.
Statement II: The poetic function may occur in many kinds of discourse whenever attention is focused on verbal patterning.
Statement II: The poetic function may occur in many kinds of discourse whenever attention is focused on verbal patterning.
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement I is incorrect because the poetic function is not confined exclusively to works conventionally classified as poetry.
• Statement II is correct because slogans, advertisements and ordinary speech may also foreground verbal patterning.
• In poetry, however, the poetic function is usually dominant.
• Statement II is correct because slogans, advertisements and ordinary speech may also foreground verbal patterning.
• In poetry, however, the poetic function is usually dominant.
వివరణ:
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
Assertion: Repetition can function as a literary device rather than as needless redundancy.
Reason: Patterned recurrence may foreground sound, structure or meaning and alter the reader's perception.
Reason: Patterned recurrence may foreground sound, structure or meaning and alter the reader's perception.
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The Assertion is correct because Formalists evaluate repetition by its function within the work.
• The Reason is correct because recurrence can create rhythm, parallelism, emphasis and perceptual estrangement.
• The Reason directly explains how repetition becomes an artistic device.
• The Reason is correct because recurrence can create rhythm, parallelism, emphasis and perceptual estrangement.
• The Reason directly explains how repetition becomes an artistic device.
వివరణ:
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
Which term best describes the habitual, unreflective perception that defamiliarization seeks to disrupt?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Automatization is the process by which repeated experience becomes routine and scarcely noticed.
• Shklovsky argues that ordinary perception often becomes automatic in this way.
• Defamiliarization restores attention by interrupting that habitual process.
• Shklovsky argues that ordinary perception often becomes automatic in this way.
• Defamiliarization restores attention by interrupting that habitual process.
వివరణ:
Question 22
ప్రశ్న 22
Consider the following statements about literariness:
1. It directs inquiry toward specifically literary features.
2. It encourages analysis of devices and verbal organization.
3. It is identical with the author's moral virtue.
4. It helped define literary studies as an autonomous field of inquiry.
Which statements are correct?
1. It directs inquiry toward specifically literary features.
2. It encourages analysis of devices and verbal organization.
3. It is identical with the author's moral virtue.
4. It helped define literary studies as an autonomous field of inquiry.
Which statements are correct?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct because literariness identifies what makes a verbal work literary.
• Statement 2 is correct because devices and organization become central objects of study.
• Statement 3 is incorrect because literariness is not the author's moral character.
• Statement 4 is correct because the concept helped define a distinct science of literature, so 1, 2 and 4 only are correct.
• Statement 2 is correct because devices and organization become central objects of study.
• Statement 3 is incorrect because literariness is not the author's moral character.
• Statement 4 is correct because the concept helped define a distinct science of literature, so 1, 2 and 4 only are correct.
వివరణ:
Question 23
ప్రశ్న 23
A political slogan uses rhyme, parallel syntax and repeated sounds so that its verbal shape becomes memorable. Which Jakobsonian function is especially prominent?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• The slogan foregrounds sound and syntactic patterning in the message itself.
• This prominence of verbal form exemplifies Jakobson's poetic function.
• Other functions may also operate, but the patterned message is especially noticeable.
• This prominence of verbal form exemplifies Jakobson's poetic function.
• Other functions may also operate, but the patterned message is especially noticeable.
వివరణ:
Question 24
ప్రశ్న 24
Which contrast most accurately distinguishes ordinary recognition from artistic perception in Shklovsky's theory?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Habitual recognition identifies an object quickly without sustained attention.
• Artistic perception slows the process and makes the object newly visible or sensible.
• Defamiliarizing devices convert automatic recognition into active perception.
• Artistic perception slows the process and makes the object newly visible or sensible.
• Defamiliarizing devices convert automatic recognition into active perception.
వివరణ:
Question 25
ప్రశ్న 25
Which integrated statement best represents Russian Formalism?
Select an option first. / ముందుగా ఒక సమాధానాన్ని ఎంచుకోండి.
Explanation:
• Russian Formalism studies literature as a constructed system of devices and relations.
• Defamiliarization disrupts automatized perception, while foregrounding makes verbal organization conspicuous.
• The fabula-syuzhet distinction shows how narrative technique transforms story material.
• Jakobson's poetic function explains how attention is directed toward the patterned message.
• Defamiliarization disrupts automatized perception, while foregrounding makes verbal organization conspicuous.
• The fabula-syuzhet distinction shows how narrative technique transforms story material.
• Jakobson's poetic function explains how attention is directed toward the patterned message.
వివరణ:
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: B. Viktor Shklovsky సమాధానం: B.
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: A. It makes perception slower and more attentive. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: C. The features that make a verbal work literary సమాధానం: C.
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: D. A technique that organizes and transforms literary material సమాధానం: D.
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: C. Fabula — the basic chronological story material సమాధానం: C.
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: D. The artistic ordering and presentation of narrative events సమాధానం: D.
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: B. Art as Technique సమాధానం: B.
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: C. Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect సమాధానం: C.
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: A. Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion సమాధానం: A.
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: B. The axis of selection to the axis of combination సమాధానం: B.
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: D. The message for its own sake సమాధానం: D.
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: A. Poetic language foregrounds its own devices, while practical language tends toward efficient communication. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: B. The making prominent of linguistic patterns or deviations సమాధానం: B.
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: A. 1-b, 2-d, 3-c, 4-a సమాధానం: A.
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: C. 1, 2 and 3 only సమాధానం: C.
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: D. Fabula and syuzhet సమాధానం: D.
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: A. It studies how literary devices function within the work. సమాధానం: A.
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: D. Fabula — artistic rearrangement of narrative events సమాధానం: D.
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: D. Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct సమాధానం: D.
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: A. Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion సమాధానం: A.
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Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: B. Automatization సమాధానం: B.
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Question 22 ప్రశ్న 22Answer: C. 1, 2 and 4 only సమాధానం: C.
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Question 23 ప్రశ్న 23Answer: C. Poetic function సమాధానం: C.
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Question 24 ప్రశ్న 24Answer: B. Recognition is habitual and rapid, while artistic perception is renewed and difficult. సమాధానం: B.
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Question 25 ప్రశ్న 25Answer: B. Literary works transform language and narrative material through devices that foreground form, disrupt habitual perception and produce literariness. సమాధానం: B.