అంతర్జాతీయ సంఘటనలు మరియు సంబంధాలు - టెస్ట్ 75 - ప్రపంచ ఎగుమతి నియంత్రణ వ్యవస్థలు
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Question 1
ప్రశ్న 1
Which statement most accurately describes the Nuclear Suppliers Group, Missile Technology Control Regime, Australia Group and Wassenaar Arrangement?
Nuclear Suppliers Group, Missile Technology Control Regime, Australia Group మరియు Wassenaar Arrangementలను అత్యంత ఖచ్చితంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?
Explanation:
• The four regimes are mechanisms for coordinating sensitive export controls, not four multilateral treaties.
• NSG expressly describes itself as non-treaty-based; MTCR and the Australia Group are informal and voluntary arrangements, while Wassenaar implementation also takes place through national legislation and policies.
• Their subject areas differ: nuclear, WMD delivery systems, chemical/biological proliferation, and conventional arms/dual-use goods respectively.
• NSG expressly describes itself as non-treaty-based; MTCR and the Australia Group are informal and voluntary arrangements, while Wassenaar implementation also takes place through national legislation and policies.
• Their subject areas differ: nuclear, WMD delivery systems, chemical/biological proliferation, and conventional arms/dual-use goods respectively.
వివరణ:
• ఈ నాలుగు regimes sensitive export controlsను coordinate చేసే mechanisms; నాలుగు multilateral treaties కావు.
• NSG తనను non-treaty-basedగా expressly పేర్కొంటుంది; MTCR మరియు Australia Group informal, voluntary arrangements; Wassenaar implementation కూడా national legislation మరియు policies ద్వారా జరుగుతుంది.
• వాటి subject areas వరుసగా nuclear, WMD delivery systems, chemical/biological proliferation మరియు conventional arms/dual-use goods.
• NSG తనను non-treaty-basedగా expressly పేర్కొంటుంది; MTCR మరియు Australia Group informal, voluntary arrangements; Wassenaar implementation కూడా national legislation మరియు policies ద్వారా జరుగుతుంది.
• వాటి subject areas వరుసగా nuclear, WMD delivery systems, chemical/biological proliferation మరియు conventional arms/dual-use goods.
Question 2
ప్రశ్న 2
Which statement correctly describes the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) as of September 2026?
2026 సెప్టెంబర్ నాటికి Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)ను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?
Explanation:
• The NSG currently has 48 Participating Governments.
• It seeks to contribute to nuclear non-proliferation by implementing guidelines governing nuclear exports and nuclear-related exports.
• The NSG itself prefers the terminology 'Participating Governments' because it is not a treaty-based organization.
• It seeks to contribute to nuclear non-proliferation by implementing guidelines governing nuclear exports and nuclear-related exports.
• The NSG itself prefers the terminology 'Participating Governments' because it is not a treaty-based organization.
వివరణ:
• NSGలో ప్రస్తుతం 48 Participating Governments ఉన్నాయి.
• Nuclear exports మరియు nuclear-related exportsకు సంబంధించిన guidelinesను implement చేయడం ద్వారా nuclear non-proliferationకు contribute చేయడం దీని లక్ష్యం.
• NSG treaty-based organization కాకపోవడంతో 'Participating Governments' అనే terminologyను ఉపయోగిస్తుంది.
• Nuclear exports మరియు nuclear-related exportsకు సంబంధించిన guidelinesను implement చేయడం ద్వారా nuclear non-proliferationకు contribute చేయడం దీని లక్ష్యం.
• NSG treaty-based organization కాకపోవడంతో 'Participating Governments' అనే terminologyను ఉపయోగిస్తుంది.
Question 3
ప్రశ్న 3
Which statement correctly distinguishes Part 1 and Part 2 of the NSG Guidelines?
NSG Guidelinesలో Part 1 మరియు Part 2 మధ్య తేడాను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?
Explanation:
• NSG maintains two sets of Guidelines published through IAEA information circular INFCIRC/254.
• Part 1 addresses nuclear transfers and incorporates the Trigger List.
• Part 2 addresses nuclear-related dual-use equipment, materials, software and related technology that could make a significant contribution to an unsafeguarded nuclear fuel-cycle or nuclear explosive activity.
• Part 1 addresses nuclear transfers and incorporates the Trigger List.
• Part 2 addresses nuclear-related dual-use equipment, materials, software and related technology that could make a significant contribution to an unsafeguarded nuclear fuel-cycle or nuclear explosive activity.
వివరణ:
• NSG రెండు sets of Guidelinesను నిర్వహిస్తుంది; అవి IAEA INFCIRC/254 ద్వారా publish అవుతాయి.
• Part 1 nuclear transfersను address చేసి Trigger Listను కలిగి ఉంటుంది.
• Part 2 unsafeguarded nuclear fuel-cycle లేదా nuclear explosive activityకు significant contribution చేయగల nuclear-related dual-use equipment, materials, software మరియు related technologyను address చేస్తుంది.
• Part 1 nuclear transfersను address చేసి Trigger Listను కలిగి ఉంటుంది.
• Part 2 unsafeguarded nuclear fuel-cycle లేదా nuclear explosive activityకు significant contribution చేయగల nuclear-related dual-use equipment, materials, software మరియు related technologyను address చేస్తుంది.
Question 4
ప్రశ్న 4
Which development is most closely associated with the origin of the Nuclear Suppliers Group?
Nuclear Suppliers Group ఆవిర్భావంతో అత్యంత దగ్గరగా సంబంధం ఉన్న development ఏది?
Explanation:
• What became the NSG began in 1975 following the 1974 explosion of a nuclear device by a non-nuclear-weapon State.
• The event demonstrated that technology supplied for peaceful purposes could potentially be misused.
• The early meetings were held in London, leading to the earlier informal description 'London Club'.
• The event demonstrated that technology supplied for peaceful purposes could potentially be misused.
• The early meetings were held in London, leading to the earlier informal description 'London Club'.
వివరణ:
• తరువాత NSGగా మారిన mechanism 1974లో ఒక non-nuclear-weapon State nuclear device explosion అనంతరం 1975లో ప్రారంభమైంది.
• Peaceful purposes కోసం supplied technology misuse అయ్యే అవకాశం ఉందని ఆ event చూపించింది.
• ప్రారంభ meetings Londonలో జరగడంతో దీనిని ఒకప్పుడు informalగా 'London Club' అని కూడా పిలిచేవారు.
• Peaceful purposes కోసం supplied technology misuse అయ్యే అవకాశం ఉందని ఆ event చూపించింది.
• ప్రారంభ meetings Londonలో జరగడంతో దీనిని ఒకప్పుడు informalగా 'London Club' అని కూడా పిలిచేవారు.
Question 5
ప్రశ్న 5
Which statement most accurately describes India's present status in relation to the Nuclear Suppliers Group?
Nuclear Suppliers Groupకు సంబంధించి India's present statusను అత్యంత ఖచ్చితంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?
Explanation:
• India does not appear among the NSG's current 48 Participating Governments.
• In September 2008, the NSG adopted a specific Statement on Civil Nuclear Cooperation with India.
• That decision facilitated civil nuclear cooperation under specified conditions but was not admission of India as an NSG Participating Government.
• In September 2008, the NSG adopted a specific Statement on Civil Nuclear Cooperation with India.
• That decision facilitated civil nuclear cooperation under specified conditions but was not admission of India as an NSG Participating Government.
వివరణ:
• Current 48 NSG Participating Governmentsలో India లేదు.
• సెప్టెంబర్ 2008లో NSG Indiaతో Civil Nuclear Cooperationపై specific Statementను adopted చేసింది.
• ఆ decision specified conditions కింద civil nuclear cooperationను facilitate చేసింది కానీ Indiaను NSG Participating Governmentగా admit చేయలేదు.
• సెప్టెంబర్ 2008లో NSG Indiaతో Civil Nuclear Cooperationపై specific Statementను adopted చేసింది.
• ఆ decision specified conditions కింద civil nuclear cooperationను facilitate చేసింది కానీ Indiaను NSG Participating Governmentగా admit చేయలేదు.
Question 6
ప్రశ్న 6
Which statement correctly describes the origin and present size of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)?
Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) origin మరియు present sizeను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?
Explanation:
• MTCR was established in 1987 by Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.
• It subsequently expanded to 35 Partners.
• It is an informal and voluntary export-control arrangement rather than a treaty organization.
• It subsequently expanded to 35 Partners.
• It is an informal and voluntary export-control arrangement rather than a treaty organization.
వివరణ:
• MTCR 1987లో Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom మరియు United States ద్వారా ఏర్పడింది.
• తరువాత ఇది 35 Partnersకు విస్తరించింది.
• ఇది treaty organization కాకుండా informal మరియు voluntary export-control arrangement.
• తరువాత ఇది 35 Partnersకు విస్తరించింది.
• ఇది treaty organization కాకుండా informal మరియు voluntary export-control arrangement.
Question 7
ప్రశ్న 7
What is the principal focus of the Missile Technology Control Regime?
Missile Technology Control Regime యొక్క ప్రధాన focus ఏమిటి?
Explanation:
• MTCR focuses on delivery systems for weapons of mass destruction rather than on the weapons themselves.
• Its scope covers relevant rocket systems and unmanned aerial vehicle systems together with related equipment, software and technologies.
• Manned aircraft are outside the Regime's core definition of WMD delivery systems.
• Its scope covers relevant rocket systems and unmanned aerial vehicle systems together with related equipment, software and technologies.
• Manned aircraft are outside the Regime's core definition of WMD delivery systems.
వివరణ:
• MTCR weapons themselvesపై కాకుండా weapons of mass destruction delivery systemsపై focus చేస్తుంది.
• Relevant rocket systems, unmanned aerial vehicle systemsతో పాటు related equipment, software మరియు technologiesను ఇది cover చేస్తుంది.
• Manned aircraft Regime core WMD-delivery-system scopeలో ఉండవు.
• Relevant rocket systems, unmanned aerial vehicle systemsతో పాటు related equipment, software మరియు technologiesను ఇది cover చేస్తుంది.
• Manned aircraft Regime core WMD-delivery-system scopeలో ఉండవు.
Question 8
ప్రశ్న 8
Which capability is a central Category I threshold in the MTCR Equipment, Software and Technology Annex?
MTCR Equipment, Software and Technology Annexలో central Category I threshold ఏది?
Explanation:
• Category I includes complete rocket systems such as ballistic missiles, space-launch vehicles and sounding rockets meeting the relevant capability threshold.
• It also includes qualifying complete unmanned aerial vehicle systems such as cruise missiles and certain drones.
• A key benchmark is the capability to deliver at least 500 kg to at least 300 km.
• It also includes qualifying complete unmanned aerial vehicle systems such as cruise missiles and certain drones.
• A key benchmark is the capability to deliver at least 500 kg to at least 300 km.
వివరణ:
• Category I relevant capability thresholdను meet చేసే ballistic missiles, space-launch vehicles మరియు sounding rockets వంటి complete rocket systemsను కలిగి ఉంటుంది.
• Qualifying cruise missiles మరియు కొన్ని drones వంటి complete unmanned aerial vehicle systems కూడా ఇందులో ఉంటాయి.
• కనీసం 500 kg payloadను కనీసం 300 kmకు deliver చేసే capability ముఖ్య benchmark.
• Qualifying cruise missiles మరియు కొన్ని drones వంటి complete unmanned aerial vehicle systems కూడా ఇందులో ఉంటాయి.
• కనీసం 500 kg payloadను కనీసం 300 kmకు deliver చేసే capability ముఖ్య benchmark.
Question 9
ప్రశ్న 9
How are MTCR export-licensing decisions and internal regime decisions generally handled?
MTCR export-licensing decisions మరియు internal regime decisions సాధారణంగా ఎలా handle చేస్తారు?
Explanation:
• MTCR does not collectively approve individual export licences.
• Partners implement the Guidelines and Annex through sovereign national decision-making and national law and practice.
• Internal MTCR decisions are taken by consensus.
• Partners implement the Guidelines and Annex through sovereign national decision-making and national law and practice.
• Internal MTCR decisions are taken by consensus.
వివరణ:
• Individual export licencesను MTCR collectively approve చేయదు.
• Partners Guidelines మరియు Annexను sovereign national decision-making, national law మరియు practice ద్వారా implement చేస్తారు.
• Internal MTCR decisions consensus ద్వారా తీసుకుంటారు.
• Partners Guidelines మరియు Annexను sovereign national decision-making, national law మరియు practice ద్వారా implement చేస్తారు.
• Internal MTCR decisions consensus ద్వారా తీసుకుంటారు.
Question 10
ప్రశ్న 10
Which statement correctly describes India's entry into the MTCR?
MTCRలో India's entryను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?
Explanation:
• MTCR Partners reached consensus to offer India membership in June 2016.
• India formally became the 35th member on 27 June 2016 after completion of the required procedures.
• It remains one of the Regime's 35 Partners.
• India formally became the 35th member on 27 June 2016 after completion of the required procedures.
• It remains one of the Regime's 35 Partners.
వివరణ:
• జూన్ 2016లో Indiaకు membership offer చేయడానికి MTCR Partners consensusకు వచ్చారు.
• Required procedures పూర్తయ్యాక 27 జూన్ 2016న India 35వ memberగా formally చేరింది.
• India ప్రస్తుతం Regimeలోని 35 Partnersలో ఒకటి.
• Required procedures పూర్తయ్యాక 27 జూన్ 2016న India 35వ memberగా formally చేరింది.
• India ప్రస్తుతం Regimeలోని 35 Partnersలో ఒకటి.
Question 11
ప్రశ్న 11
Which statement correctly describes the origin and evolution of the Australia Group?
Australia Group origin మరియు evolutionను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?
Explanation:
• The Australia Group was formed in 1985 in the context of concerns over chemical-weapons proliferation.
• It initially focused on chemical-weapons precursor chemicals.
• Its scope was later expanded, including in 1990, to address biological-weapons proliferation.
• It initially focused on chemical-weapons precursor chemicals.
• Its scope was later expanded, including in 1990, to address biological-weapons proliferation.
వివరణ:
• Chemical-weapons proliferationపై concerns నేపథ్యంలో Australia Group 1985లో ఏర్పడింది.
• ప్రారంభంలో chemical-weapons precursor chemicalsపై focus చేసింది.
• తరువాత, 1990లో సహా, biological-weapons proliferationను address చేయడానికి scope విస్తరించింది.
• ప్రారంభంలో chemical-weapons precursor chemicalsపై focus చేసింది.
• తరువాత, 1990లో సహా, biological-weapons proliferationను address చేయడానికి scope విస్తరించింది.
Question 12
ప్రశ్న 12
As of the 2026 Australia Group Plenary, which statement correctly describes participation in the Group?
2026 Australia Group Plenary నాటికి Group participationను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?
Explanation:
• The June 2026 Australia Group Plenary statement describes the Group as comprising 42 countries and the European Union.
• The Group coordinates national controls intended to reduce the risk that exports assist chemical- or biological-weapons programmes.
• Its participation structure should not be confused with the 42-State Wassenaar Arrangement.
• The Group coordinates national controls intended to reduce the risk that exports assist chemical- or biological-weapons programmes.
• Its participation structure should not be confused with the 42-State Wassenaar Arrangement.
వివరణ:
• జూన్ 2026 Australia Group Plenary statement ప్రకారం Groupలో 42 countries మరియు European Union ఉన్నాయి.
• Chemical లేదా biological weapons programmesకు exports సహాయం చేసే riskను తగ్గించడానికి national controlsను Group coordinate చేస్తుంది.
• దీని participation structureను 42-State Wassenaar Arrangementతో కలపకూడదు.
• Chemical లేదా biological weapons programmesకు exports సహాయం చేసే riskను తగ్గించడానికి national controlsను Group coordinate చేస్తుంది.
• దీని participation structureను 42-State Wassenaar Arrangementతో కలపకూడదు.
Question 13
ప్రశ్న 13
Which statement correctly describes the legal and operational character of the Australia Group?
Australia Group legal మరియు operational characterను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?
Explanation:
• The Australia Group expressly describes itself as an informal arrangement.
• Participants do not undertake legally binding obligations through the Group itself.
• Effectiveness depends on harmonized licensing practices, shared control lists, information exchange and implementation through national systems.
• Participants do not undertake legally binding obligations through the Group itself.
• Effectiveness depends on harmonized licensing practices, shared control lists, information exchange and implementation through national systems.
వివరణ:
• Australia Group తనను informal arrangementగా expressly వివరిస్తుంది.
• Group ద్వారానే participants legally binding obligations undertake చేయరు.
• Harmonized licensing practices, shared control lists, information exchange మరియు national systems ద్వారా implementationపై దాని effectiveness ఆధారపడి ఉంటుంది.
• Group ద్వారానే participants legally binding obligations undertake చేయరు.
• Harmonized licensing practices, shared control lists, information exchange మరియు national systems ద్వారా implementationపై దాని effectiveness ఆధారపడి ఉంటుంది.
Question 14
ప్రశ్న 14
Which statement correctly describes India's participation in the Australia Group?
Australia Groupలో India's participationను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?
Explanation:
• India formally joined the Australia Group on 19 January 2018.
• The Group's official announcement described India as its 43rd member at that time.
• India is therefore a participant, not merely a unilateral adherent to the AG Guidelines.
• The Group's official announcement described India as its 43rd member at that time.
• India is therefore a participant, not merely a unilateral adherent to the AG Guidelines.
వివరణ:
• India 19 జనవరి 2018న Australia Groupలో formally చేరింది.
• Official announcement ఆ సమయంలో Indiaను Group 43వ memberగా పేర్కొంది.
• కాబట్టి India participant; AG Guidelinesకు unilateral adherent మాత్రమే కాదు.
• Official announcement ఆ సమయంలో Indiaను Group 43వ memberగా పేర్కొంది.
• కాబట్టి India participant; AG Guidelinesకు unilateral adherent మాత్రమే కాదు.
Question 15
ప్రశ్న 15
Which statement correctly describes the Wassenaar Arrangement?
Wassenaar Arrangementను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?
Explanation:
• The Wassenaar Arrangement was established on the basis of Initial Elements adopted in July 1996.
• Its objective is to contribute to regional and international security and stability by promoting transparency and greater responsibility in transfers of conventional arms and dual-use goods and technologies.
• Current Wassenaar material lists 42 Participating States.
• Its objective is to contribute to regional and international security and stability by promoting transparency and greater responsibility in transfers of conventional arms and dual-use goods and technologies.
• Current Wassenaar material lists 42 Participating States.
వివరణ:
• July 1996లో adopted అయిన Initial Elements ఆధారంగా Wassenaar Arrangement ఏర్పడింది.
• Conventional arms మరియు dual-use goods/technologies transfersలో transparency మరియు greater responsibilityను promote చేయడం ద్వారా regional మరియు international security/stabilityకు contribute చేయడం దీని objective.
• Current Wassenaar material 42 Participating Statesను పేర్కొంటుంది.
• Conventional arms మరియు dual-use goods/technologies transfersలో transparency మరియు greater responsibilityను promote చేయడం ద్వారా regional మరియు international security/stabilityకు contribute చేయడం దీని objective.
• Current Wassenaar material 42 Participating Statesను పేర్కొంటుంది.
Question 16
ప్రశ్న 16
Which two principal control lists are maintained under the Wassenaar Arrangement?
Wassenaar Arrangement కింద నిర్వహించే రెండు principal control lists ఏవి?
Explanation:
• Wassenaar participating States apply export controls to items in its List of Dual-Use Goods and Technologies and its Munitions List.
• These lists are reviewed and updated to take account of technological and security developments.
• This scope distinguishes Wassenaar from WMD-specific supplier regimes such as the NSG, MTCR and Australia Group.
• These lists are reviewed and updated to take account of technological and security developments.
• This scope distinguishes Wassenaar from WMD-specific supplier regimes such as the NSG, MTCR and Australia Group.
వివరణ:
• Wassenaar Participating States List of Dual-Use Goods and Technologies మరియు Munitions Listలోని itemsపై export controls apply చేస్తాయి.
• Technological మరియు security developmentsను పరిగణనలోకి తీసుకుని ఈ listsను review మరియు update చేస్తారు.
• ఈ scope Wassenaarను NSG, MTCR మరియు Australia Group వంటి WMD-specific supplier regimes నుంచి వేరు చేస్తుంది.
• Technological మరియు security developmentsను పరిగణనలోకి తీసుకుని ఈ listsను review మరియు update చేస్తారు.
• ఈ scope Wassenaarను NSG, MTCR మరియు Australia Group వంటి WMD-specific supplier regimes నుంచి వేరు చేస్తుంది.
Question 17
ప్రశ్న 17
Which statement correctly describes export decisions under the Wassenaar Arrangement?
Wassenaar Arrangement కింద export decisionsను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?
Explanation:
• Export licensing remains a sovereign national responsibility under Wassenaar.
• Participating States coordinate through control lists, information exchanges and agreed guidelines rather than a supranational export-licensing authority.
• The Arrangement expressly states that it is not directed against any State or group of States and does not seek to impede bona fide civil transactions.
• Participating States coordinate through control lists, information exchanges and agreed guidelines rather than a supranational export-licensing authority.
• The Arrangement expressly states that it is not directed against any State or group of States and does not seek to impede bona fide civil transactions.
వివరణ:
• Wassenaar కింద export licensing sovereign national responsibilityగానే ఉంటుంది.
• Supranational export-licensing authority ద్వారా కాకుండా control lists, information exchanges మరియు agreed guidelines ద్వారా Participating States coordinate చేస్తాయి.
• Arrangement ఏ State లేదా group of Statesకు directed కాదని మరియు bona fide civil transactionsను impede చేయడం లక్ష్యం కాదని expressly పేర్కొంటుంది.
• Supranational export-licensing authority ద్వారా కాకుండా control lists, information exchanges మరియు agreed guidelines ద్వారా Participating States coordinate చేస్తాయి.
• Arrangement ఏ State లేదా group of Statesకు directed కాదని మరియు bona fide civil transactionsను impede చేయడం లక్ష్యం కాదని expressly పేర్కొంటుంది.
Question 18
ప్రశ్న 18
Which statement correctly describes India's entry into the Wassenaar Arrangement?
Wassenaar Arrangementలో India's entryను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?
Explanation:
• The Wassenaar Plenary decided in December 2017 to admit India.
• India completed the relevant procedures and joined on 8 December 2017.
• India became the Arrangement's 42nd Participating State.
• India completed the relevant procedures and joined on 8 December 2017.
• India became the Arrangement's 42nd Participating State.
వివరణ:
• డిసెంబర్ 2017లో Wassenaar Plenary Indiaను admit చేయాలని నిర్ణయించింది.
• Relevant proceduresను పూర్తి చేసి India 8 డిసెంబర్ 2017న చేరింది.
• India Arrangement 42వ Participating State అయింది.
• Relevant proceduresను పూర్తి చేసి India 8 డిసెంబర్ 2017న చేరింది.
• India Arrangement 42వ Participating State అయింది.
Question 19
ప్రశ్న 19
Which sequence correctly describes India's participation in the four major multilateral export-control regimes covered in this test?
ఈ testలో cover చేసిన నాలుగు major multilateral export-control regimesలో India's participationను సరైన sequenceలో చూపేది ఏది?
Explanation:
• India joined the MTCR in June 2016.
• It became the 42nd Wassenaar Participating State in December 2017 and joined the Australia Group in January 2018.
• India is not among the NSG's current 48 Participating Governments.
• It became the 42nd Wassenaar Participating State in December 2017 and joined the Australia Group in January 2018.
• India is not among the NSG's current 48 Participating Governments.
వివరణ:
• India జూన్ 2016లో MTCRలో చేరింది.
• డిసెంబర్ 2017లో 42వ Wassenaar Participating Stateగా మారి, జనవరి 2018లో Australia Groupలో చేరింది.
• Current 48 NSG Participating Governmentsలో India లేదు.
• డిసెంబర్ 2017లో 42వ Wassenaar Participating Stateగా మారి, జనవరి 2018లో Australia Groupలో చేరింది.
• Current 48 NSG Participating Governmentsలో India లేదు.
Question 20
ప్రశ్న 20
Which matching of export-control regime and principal subject area is correct?
Export-control regime మరియు principal subject area మధ్య సరైన matching ఏది?
Explanation:
• NSG addresses nuclear and nuclear-related exports.
• MTCR focuses on unmanned delivery systems capable of delivering WMD and associated technologies.
• Australia Group focuses on chemical- and biological-weapons proliferation risks, while Wassenaar covers conventional arms and dual-use goods and technologies.
• MTCR focuses on unmanned delivery systems capable of delivering WMD and associated technologies.
• Australia Group focuses on chemical- and biological-weapons proliferation risks, while Wassenaar covers conventional arms and dual-use goods and technologies.
వివరణ:
• NSG nuclear మరియు nuclear-related exportsను address చేస్తుంది.
• MTCR WMDను deliver చేయగల unmanned delivery systems మరియు associated technologiesపై focus చేస్తుంది.
• Australia Group chemical మరియు biological weapons proliferation risksపై focus చేస్తే, Wassenaar conventional arms మరియు dual-use goods/technologiesను cover చేస్తుంది.
• MTCR WMDను deliver చేయగల unmanned delivery systems మరియు associated technologiesపై focus చేస్తుంది.
• Australia Group chemical మరియు biological weapons proliferation risksపై focus చేస్తే, Wassenaar conventional arms మరియు dual-use goods/technologiesను cover చేస్తుంది.
Question 21
ప్రశ్న 21
Which statement correctly describes the relationship between India's SCOMET controls and multilateral export-control regimes?
India SCOMET controls మరియు multilateral export-control regimes మధ్య relationshipను సరైన విధంగా వివరించే ప్రకటన ఏది?
Explanation:
• SCOMET is India's national control list for specified sensitive chemicals, organisms, materials, equipment and technologies.
• India's Ministry of External Affairs states that the list is updated from time to time to harmonize it with relevant multilateral export-control regime guidelines and control lists as well as the Chemical Weapons Convention.
• This illustrates the central principle that these regimes operate largely through national export-control laws and licensing systems.
• India's Ministry of External Affairs states that the list is updated from time to time to harmonize it with relevant multilateral export-control regime guidelines and control lists as well as the Chemical Weapons Convention.
• This illustrates the central principle that these regimes operate largely through national export-control laws and licensing systems.
వివరణ:
• SCOMET specified sensitive chemicals, organisms, materials, equipment మరియు technologiesకు సంబంధించిన India's national control list.
• Relevant multilateral export-control regime guidelines/control lists మరియు Chemical Weapons Conventionతో harmonize చేయడానికి ఈ listను periodically update చేస్తారని India's Ministry of External Affairs పేర్కొంటుంది.
• ఈ regimes ప్రధానంగా national export-control laws మరియు licensing systems ద్వారా operate అవుతాయని ఇది చూపిస్తుంది.
• Relevant multilateral export-control regime guidelines/control lists మరియు Chemical Weapons Conventionతో harmonize చేయడానికి ఈ listను periodically update చేస్తారని India's Ministry of External Affairs పేర్కొంటుంది.
• ఈ regimes ప్రధానంగా national export-control laws మరియు licensing systems ద్వారా operate అవుతాయని ఇది చూపిస్తుంది.
Answer Key సమాధానాల పట్టిక
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Question 1 ప్రశ్న 1Answer: C. They are multilateral export-control arrangements that coordinate standards, guidelines or control lists implemented principally through participating governments' national export-control systems rather than through a common treaty సమాధానం: C. ఇవి multilateral export-control arrangements; common treaty ద్వారా కాకుండా participating governments national export-control systems ద్వారా ప్రధానంగా అమలు చేసే standards, guidelines లేదా control listsను coordinate చేస్తాయి
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Question 2 ప్రశ్న 2Answer: A. It has 48 Participating Governments and seeks to support nuclear non-proliferation through guidelines governing nuclear and nuclear-related exports సమాధానం: A. దీనిలో 48 Participating Governments ఉన్నాయి; nuclear మరియు nuclear-related exportsకు సంబంధించిన guidelines ద్వారా nuclear non-proliferationకు మద్దతు ఇవ్వడం దీని లక్ష్యం
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Question 3 ప్రశ్న 3Answer: D. Part 1 concerns transfers of nuclear material, equipment and technology associated with the Trigger List, whereas Part 2 covers nuclear-related dual-use equipment, materials, software and related technology సమాధానం: D. Part 1 Trigger Listకు సంబంధించిన nuclear material, equipment మరియు technology transfersను cover చేస్తుంది; Part 2 nuclear-related dual-use equipment, materials, software మరియు related technologyను cover చేస్తుంది
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Question 4 ప్రశ్న 4Answer: B. The 1974 nuclear explosion by a non-nuclear-weapon State, after which major suppliers began meetings in London in 1975 to strengthen nuclear export controls సమాధానం: B. 1974లో ఒక non-nuclear-weapon State nuclear explosion నిర్వహించడం; అనంతరం nuclear export controlsను strengthen చేయడానికి major suppliers 1975లో Londonలో meetings ప్రారంభించడం
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Question 5 ప్రశ్న 5Answer: C. India is not an NSG Participating Government; the NSG's 2008 Statement on Civil Nuclear Cooperation with India enabled specified civil nuclear cooperation under its terms but did not confer NSG participation సమాధానం: C. India NSG Participating Government కాదు; 2008 NSG Statement on Civil Nuclear Cooperation with India తన terms ప్రకారం specified civil nuclear cooperationకు అవకాశం కల్పించింది కానీ Indiaకు NSG participation ఇవ్వలేదు
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Question 6 ప్రశ్న 6Answer: B. It was established in 1987 by seven countries and currently has 35 Partners సమాధానం: B. ఇది 1987లో ఏడు countries ద్వారా ఏర్పడి ప్రస్తుతం 35 Partners కలిగి ఉంది
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Question 7 ప్రశ్న 7Answer: A. Preventing proliferation of unmanned delivery systems capable of delivering weapons of mass destruction by coordinating controls on relevant equipment, software and technology సమాధానం: A. Relevant equipment, software మరియు technologyపై controlsను coordinate చేయడం ద్వారా weapons of mass destructionను deliver చేయగల unmanned delivery systems proliferationను prevent చేయడం
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Question 8 ప్రశ్న 8Answer: D. Complete rocket or unmanned aerial vehicle systems capable of delivering at least a 500 kg payload to a range of at least 300 km సమాధానం: D. కనీసం 500 kg payloadను కనీసం 300 km rangeకు deliver చేయగల complete rocket లేదా unmanned aerial vehicle systems
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Question 9 ప్రశ్న 9Answer: C. Individual Partners make export-licensing decisions under their national systems, while MTCR regime decisions are taken by consensus సమాధానం: C. Individual Partners తమ national systems కింద export-licensing decisions తీసుకుంటారు; MTCR regime decisions consensus ద్వారా తీసుకుంటారు
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Question 10 ప్రశ్న 10Answer: B. India formally became the 35th member of the MTCR on 27 June 2016 following a consensus decision సమాధానం: B. Consensus decision అనంతరం India 27 జూన్ 2016న MTCR 35వ memberగా formally చేరింది
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Question 11 ప్రశ్న 11Answer: A. It was formed in 1985 initially to harmonize controls on chemical-weapons precursor chemicals, and its scope was subsequently expanded to biological-weapons-related controls సమాధానం: A. ఇది 1985లో మొదట chemical-weapons precursor chemicalsపై controlsను harmonize చేయడానికి ఏర్పడి, తరువాత biological-weapons-related controlsకు scopeను విస్తరించింది
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Question 12 ప్రశ్న 12Answer: D. It comprises 42 countries and the European Union సమాధానం: D. 42 countries మరియు European Union ఇందులో ఉన్నాయి
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Question 13 ప్రశ్న 13Answer: C. It is an informal arrangement whose participants undertake no legally binding AG obligations; they harmonize national export controls over chemical and biological proliferation-sensitive items సమాధానం: C. ఇది informal arrangement; participants legally binding AG obligations undertake చేయరు; chemical మరియు biological proliferation-sensitive itemsపై national export controlsను harmonize చేస్తారు
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Question 14 ప్రశ్న 14Answer: B. India formally joined on 19 January 2018 as the Group's 43rd member at that time సమాధానం: B. India 19 జనవరి 2018న ఆ సమయంలో Group 43వ memberగా formally చేరింది
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Question 15 ప్రశ్న 15Answer: A. Established in 1996, it promotes transparency and responsibility in transfers of conventional arms and dual-use goods and technologies and currently has 42 Participating States సమాధానం: A. 1996లో ఏర్పడిన ఇది conventional arms మరియు dual-use goods/technologies transfersలో transparency మరియు responsibilityను promote చేస్తుంది; ప్రస్తుతం 42 Participating States ఉన్నాయి
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Question 16 ప్రశ్న 16Answer: C. List of Dual-Use Goods and Technologies and the Munitions List సమాధానం: C. List of Dual-Use Goods and Technologies మరియు Munitions List
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Question 17 ప్రశ్న 17Answer: D. Each Participating State retains responsibility for deciding whether and under what conditions to authorize transfers under its national policies; the Arrangement is not directed against any State or group of States సమాధానం: D. తన national policies ప్రకారం transfersను authorize చేయాలా, ఏ conditionsలో చేయాలా అనే responsibility ప్రతి Participating Stateకే ఉంటుంది; Arrangement ఏ State లేదా group of Statesకు directed కాదు
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Question 18 ప్రశ్న 18Answer: B. India joined on 8 December 2017 as the Arrangement's 42nd Participating State సమాధానం: B. India 8 డిసెంబర్ 2017న Arrangement 42వ Participating Stateగా చేరింది
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Question 19 ప్రశ్న 19Answer: A. MTCR — June 2016; Wassenaar Arrangement — December 2017; Australia Group — January 2018; India is not presently an NSG Participating Government సమాధానం: A. MTCR — జూన్ 2016; Wassenaar Arrangement — డిసెంబర్ 2017; Australia Group — జనవరి 2018; ప్రస్తుతం India NSG Participating Government కాదు
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Question 20 ప్రశ్న 20Answer: C. NSG — nuclear and nuclear-related transfers; MTCR — WMD-capable unmanned delivery systems; Australia Group — chemical and biological proliferation-sensitive exports; Wassenaar — conventional arms and dual-use goods and technologies సమాధానం: C. NSG — nuclear మరియు nuclear-related transfers; MTCR — WMD-capable unmanned delivery systems; Australia Group — chemical మరియు biological proliferation-sensitive exports; Wassenaar — conventional arms మరియు dual-use goods/technologies
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Question 21 ప్రశ్న 21Answer: C. India's SCOMET list of Special Chemicals, Organisms, Materials, Equipment and Technologies is periodically updated to harmonize national controls with relevant multilateral export-control regimes and the Chemical Weapons Convention సమాధానం: C. Special Chemicals, Organisms, Materials, Equipment and Technologiesకు సంబంధించిన India's SCOMET listను relevant multilateral export-control regimes మరియు Chemical Weapons Conventionతో national controlsను harmonize చేయడానికి periodically update చేస్తారు
